408 research outputs found
Abierto como cuestión de principio
Get PDF[EN] The Marburg Building System is one of the earliest, most consistent and internationally best-known German building system. Its development marks the beginning of the doubling of the German university building stock in just 20 years. The building site at Marburg Lahnberge was possibly the most consulted example for university planning in the 1960s and 1970s. Meanwhile, the qualities of the buildings are seldom appreciated, the system's intrinsic facility for modification, adaptation to new user requirements or extensions are not used. The architectural quality of the buildings, erected on the Lahnberge campus in Marburg, their consistent approach down to the details, the technical innovation of the serial production of building elements in an on-site field factory and the thorough planning process to standardise all building components is indeed remarkable. The underlying principle of openness bears considerable potential to prolong the lifespan of the buildings, if, as a start, the existing defects are repaired. The advantages of the buildings, their basic system and the underlying concept may not be obvious, but on closer examination, they are undeniable. They could and should be utilised.[ES] El Marburg Building System es uno de los sistemas constructivos alemanes más pioneros, coherentes y conocidos internacionalmente. Su desarrollo marca el inicio de un proceso en el que se ve duplicado el conjunto de los edificios universitarios alemanes en solo 20 años. El emplazamiento de Marburg Lahnberge fue, posiblemente, el ejemplo más consultado para la planificación universitaria en los años 60 y 70. Sin embargo, pocas veces se aprecian las cualidades de los edificios, siendo poco explotada la facilidad intrínseca del sistema para modificar y adaptarse a los nuevos requerimientos de los usuarios. Pese a ello, es realmente notable la calidad arquitectónica de los edificios construidos en el campus de Lahnberge en Marburg, la coherencia de su estrategia hasta la escala de detalle, la innovación técnica de la producción en serie de sus elementos de construcción fabricados in situ y el proceso de planificación minucioso para estandarizar todos los componentes del edificio. El principio subyacente de apertura tiene un potencial considerable para prolongar la vida útil de los edificios, si se reparan los defectos existentes. Las ventajas de los edificios, su sistema básico y el concepto base del proyecto pueden no ser obvias, pero al examinarlas desde más de cerca, son innegables. Todo ello podría y debería utilizarse.Langenberg, S. (2021). Open as a matter of principle. EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura. 13(31):116-121. https://doi.org/10.4995/eb.2021.16157OJS1161211331Bode, Christian, Werner Becker and Rainer Klofat, Eds. Universitäten in Deutschland. Universities in Germany. Munich/New York: Prestel, 1995 (2nd edition 1996).Dietrich, Richard J. "Von Metastadt zu Ökostadt: Denken und Planen in Systemen." In: Schneider, Martina J. Systeme als Programm, 19-29. Cologne: Rudolf Müller (= arcus: Architektur und Wissenschaft 8), 1989.Frank, Rudi M. "Modell Marburg: Universität auf Zuwachs." Ed. by Hochtief Aktiengesellschaft. 16-mmFilm, Essen no date.Fritzsche, Werner, Joachim Hardt and Karlheinz Schade. Universitätsbauten in Marburg 1945-1980: Baugeschichte und Liegenschaften der Philipps-Universität. Marburg: Universitätsbibliothek Marburg, 2003.Langenberg, Silke. "Das Konzept 'Ersatz'? Probleme bei der Reparatur industriell gefertigter Bauteile." In: Bayerl, Günter and Georg Stöger (Eds.). Reparieren - oder die Lebensdauer der Gebrauchsgüter, no. 3, 255-272. Berlin: edition sigma, 2012 (= Cottbusser Studien zur Geschichte von Technik, Arbeit und Umwelt 79). https://doi.org/10.5771/0040-117X-2012-3-255Langenberg, Silke. "Flexibilität und Zweckmäßigkeit: Das Marburger Bausystem." In: Wolkenkuckucksheim: Internationale Zeitschrift zur Theorie der Architektur 17, no.32 (2012), Funktion - Zweck - Gebrauch in Architektur und Städtebau.Langenberg, Silke. Bauten der Boomjahre: Architektonische Konzepte und Planungstheorien der 60er und 70er Jahre. Dortmund: Wulff, 2006 (2nd edition 2011).Langenberg, Silke. Marburger Bausystem: Open as a Matter of Principle. Sulgen: Niggli Verlag, 2013.Lorf, Gunther. Planen und Bauen für die Universität Dortmund: 1964 bis 1993. Dortmund: Gesellschaft der Freunde der Universität Dortmund, 1994.Meadows, Donella H. et al. The Limits to Growth. A Report for the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind. New York: Universe Books, 1972. https://doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.1Meyer-Bohe, Walter. Vorfertigung: Handbuch des Bauens mit Fertigteilen. Essen: Vulkan, 1964.Muthesius, Stefan. The Postwar University: Utopianist Campus and College. New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 2000.Picht, Georg. "Die Deutsche Bildungskatastrophe." Christ und Welt 17, no.5, no.6, no.7 & no.8 (1964).Staatliches Universitätsneubauamt Marburg. "Universität Marburg: Wandelemente für das Marburger Bausystem." Bauwelt 56, no.20/21 (1965): 578-581.VV.AA. "Die rechtlichen Grundlagen der Gemeinschaftsaufgabe Hochschulbau seit 1970." In: 15 Jahre Rahmenplanung für den Hochschulbau 1970-1985: Eine Dokumentation. Bonn: Ed. by Planungsausschuß für den Hochschulbau, 1985.VV.AA. "Universitätsbau in Marburg a. d. Lahn," Hochtief Nachrichten 37, no.12 (1964).VV.AA. Marburger Bausystem: System, Katalog, Methodik, Projekt. Marburg, Kempkes: Ed. Marburger Universitätsneubauamt, 1971
«Konstruktive Qualität und Langlebigkeit»: Ein Gespräch mit Silke Langenberg über Reparatur, Denkmalpflege und Baukultur
No full textISSN:1015-247
The architectural and building culture of the Benedictines congregation “de Unitate” in the Renaissance. A network of monasteries and building sites
No full textThe aim of this paper is to discuss the architectural culture of the Cassinese Benedictine congregation in Italy from
the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. The renewal of the spiritual life of the monk elaborated by Ludovico Barbo, the founder
of the Congregation, required the centralisation of all decisions concerning the building activity of the 111 monasteries, leading
to the formation of a unitary architectural culture. The introduction of the cell led to the need to build monasteries with many
cloisters and the increase in the number of monks forced the construction of gigantic churches. The resulting considerable
increase in construction costs was multiplied by the simultaneous opening of many building sites throughout Italy. Common
building regulations standardised and centralised the layout of the monasteries and the decision-making process, but also the
organisation of the building sites. An enormous quantity of unpublished documents allows us to demonstrate that between
one building site and another, teams of workers, building materials (such as bricks, made in kilns specially built by the
monks, or stone quarried from mines owned by some abbeys, or wood taken from forests cultivated by the monks) and
technologies circulated, especially the multiple dome system adopted in churches (Santa Giustina in Padua, San Sisto in
Piacenza, etc.). It is possible to study this phenomenon from a comparative perspective and thanks to the experimental use
of the Building Information methodology Modeling (BIM) that will allow to manage a large amount of heterogeneous data
(archival, bibliographic, material, geometric-spatial)
Sports Architecture: High-Tech Urban Infrastructure between Identity, Enhancement, and Redevelopment
No full textSports architecture is almost ignored by the historiographical and architectural culture, this is even more surprising if we consider how it has always been fields of technological-constructive and engineering-structural experimentation. It is also true that from the late nineteenth century until the eighties of the last century, the construction field of the stadiums is characterized by the predominance of engineering culture that has limited its essence to structural functionalism. If we consider the Generational Theory of Sports Infrastructures with particular regard to their technological evolution (Allegri, 2006, 2021) we can see, between the late 60s and early 70s, a first important step towards the technological complexity of sports buildings with the introduction of innovative materials and construction systems for building coverings and skins.
Just think of the polymeric materials of the Olympic Stadium in Munich (1972), the high-performance composite textiles of the Olympic Stadium in Montreal (1976) or the "MERO system" of the Municipal Stadium in Split (1979). The aesthetics of the machine has always been, since ancient times, the main feature of architecture for sport where structure/ technology/construction are merged in a language where everything is led back to pure function. It is precisely from the end of the 80s to the 90s, that this material-technological innovation is added to that of systems for handling portions of buildings: hi-tech for complex and multifunctional urban machines, as in the case of the Amsterdam Arena (1996) or the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff (1997).
All of these are hi-tech experiments that have anticipated the latest generation of hyper-technological sports infrastructures that, from the early 2000s, have added technology as a language of aesthetic aspects. In Italy, the last major event (1990 World Cup) was characterized by functional-adjustment and interventions structural of some historical sport buildings and the construction of sports facilities set to research new materials and their application in experimental construction systems. Within just three decades, they have already been extensively reworked, some replaced, others abandoned. For example, the Delle Alpi Stadium in Turin (1990) that was demolished after a few years, or the San Nicola Stadium in Bari (1990), designed by Renzo Piano, where the innovation is characterized by a steel structure suitable for large lights, along with a transparent Teflon cover.
The proposed paper investigates aspects never analyzed before in a scientific approach, between the history of technological culture, conservation and enhancement of some architectural icons sports, references of the cultural landscape and identity. The investigation runs between the needs for updating and the conservation/ enhancement of buildings with high identity value, in a delicate balance where economic-managerial sustainability becomes a strategic objective. An interesting case lies in the Italian context, where the relationship between city, stadium and cultural heritage is linked and requires specific approaches
An Imperfect Industrialization. Prefabrication Cultures in Post-War Italy Between Liberalism and Public Planning (1943–1949)
No full textPost-World War II building reconstruction in Europe––both Western and Eastern––represented an opportunity to fulfil industrialization process of the building sector that begun since the 1920s. In Italy, despite the Post-War urgencies, such as the broad demand for new housing, building industrialization wasn’t adopted as the main tool for the building reconstruction.
The industrialization of construction started only in the 1960s because in the Italian socio-economic context the building sector represented a significant employment field strongly linked to traditional construction. However, even before the Second World War’s end, Italian architectural culture, starting from the American and European models, carried out a rich debate on the standardization and optimization of the building process, giving a significant contribution to the international history of building industrialization. The paper analyses the debate through cultural initiatives in support of prefabrication, such as national design competitions, conferences, exhibitions, editorial projects and––finally––an experimental district, which offers a cross-section of the Italian construction, systems and prototypes developed by designers and companies in the early post-war years and who are heavily connected with the debate that started in 1943
Editorial: The Heritage of Minorities. Reflections in the Light of Ongoing Conflicts
No full textISSN:0340-7403ISSN:2197-7410ISSN:2197-741
Why the way we consider the body matters – Reflections on four bioethical perspectives on the human body
Get PDFAbstract Background Within the context of applied bioethical reasoning, various conceptions of the human body are focused upon by the author in relation to normative notions of autonomy. Results The author begins by descriptively exploring some main positions in bioethics from which the "body" is conceptualized. Such positions conflict: the body is that which is constitutive of the individual's experience and perception, or it is conceived of materially or mechanistically; or as a constructed locus, always historically and culturally transformed. The author goes on to suggest a methodological approach that dialectically considers embodiment from four different perspectives: as bodily self-determination, as respect for the bodily unavailability of the other, as care for bodily individuality; and lastly, as acknowledgement of bodily-constituted communities. These four perspectives encompass autonomy in two of its main interpretations: as the capability of a person to act independent of external forces, and as the moral ideal of pursuing individual wishes by means of role distance, self-limitation and universalization. Various bioethical cases are utilized to show how the four perspectives on the body can complement one another. Conclusion The way we consider the body matters. The author's dialectical method allows a premise-critical identification and exploration of bioethical problems concerning the body. The method is potentially applicable to other bioethical problems.</p
Building Art: the decorative terracotta of Palazzo Fodri in Cremona (IT)
No full textRevalued during the 19th and 20th centuries, Palazzo Fodri is still today the best-known example of a Renaissance private palace in Cremona. Its critical acclaim derives from the use of decorative terracotta tiles, studied principally by art historians as a well-known construction practice which translates into artistic works mainly in the second half of the 15th century. However, despite a fervent season of studies over the last decades, previous researches do not return the useful and necessary information to design a conservation project and to delve into the ceramic history of construction: in fact, these studies concentrated on figurative analyses, on the identification of artists and workers involved in the construction sites and their relationships, on the mixture's characterization, without being able to propose hypotheses regarding the production process of decorative terracotta.
The conservation project of the external facades of Palazzo Fodri and the possibility of dealing with its ceramic artefacts on the construction site constituted the stimulus and the opportunity to develop a knowledge project open to unedited research perspectives, thanks to a campaign of studies on terracotta from a technical-scientific point of view and through a multi-scale and multidisciplinary approach, especially paying attention to production and assembly techniques. Investigating a specific example such as Palazzo Fodri has allowed to partially fill a gap in the history of ceramic technology in the Modern Age and to analyse a specific case study with updated tools and methods, thanks to which it was possible to orient the intervention project
Design and construction of provisional works for the maintenance of extra-ordinary buildings in the eighteenth century: the wooden scaffolding for the main nave of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican
No full textRestoration works conducted in St. Peter's Basilica since the late seventeenth century provide evidence of the technological evolution of scaffolding systems in pre-industrial times. As recent studies have shown, the Vatican scaffoldings were considered a benchmark. Their prolonged fortune is evidenced by their citation in Northern European carpentry manuals until the early twentieth century. This paper provides an insight on geometric, structural, and functional details of maintenance scaffolding in the 18th century through the combined use of historical analysis and, both physical and digital modelling. The scaffolding designed in 1773 by Pietro Albertini for the restoration of the main nave of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican is presented as a case study. The combination of historical studies and both digital and physical modelling allowed to acquire novel elements, and to correct some previously assumed hypotheses on the scaffolding, thus improving the understanding of pre-industrial building maintenance technolog
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