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Felix Almaraz, Author and Teacher, "The Tragic Calvalier."(photograph)
No full textPhotograph of Felix Almaraz, Author and Teacher, "The Tragic Calvalier."
#29 Völkerrecht und Nationalsozialismus: (Teil I)
No full textIn welchem Verhältnis stehen das Völkerrecht und Nationalsozialismus zueinander? Welche Völkerrechtler spielten im Nationalsozialismus eine Rolle? Welche Einfallstore für nationalsozialistisches Gedankengut gab es im Völkerrecht? Und wie ging es nach dem Nationalsozialismus damit weiter? Gemeinsam mit dem Podcast „Mal nach den Rechten schauen“ haben wir in dieser Kollaborationsfolge diese Fragen untersucht. Der weitverbreitete Irrglaube, dass das Völkerrecht „das Gute“ darstelle trügt, denn auch das NS-Regime bezog sich auf völkerrechtliche Argumente und Interpretationen. Im ersten Teil dieser Folge haben wir Dr. Felix Lange dabei um Hilfe gebeten und mit ihm die oben angesprochenen Fragen untersucht und diskutiert. Im zweiten Teil dieser Folge gehen wir näher auf einen Artikel zum Humanitären Völkerrecht von Eyal Benvinisti ein, welcher deutlich macht, dass das nationalsozialistische Gedankengut auch noch nach 1945 die Weiterentwicklung des Völkerrechts “beeinflusste”. In beiden Teilen unserer Folge tauchen auch immer wieder die Namen von Carl Schmitt und Hans Kelsen auf – diese beiden Figuren aus dem Völkerrecht werden die Protagonisten unserer zweiten Folge zu Völkerrecht und Nationalsozialismus darstellen, in welcher wir mit Prof. Kreß über die gemeinsame Zeit der beiden an der Universität zu Köln reden werden. Literatur: Benvenisti, Eyal, The Birth and Life of the Definition of Military Objectives, Legal Studies Research Paper Series, Paper No. 4/2022, March 2022. Bertschl, Rudolf, Die Völkerrechtslehre des Nationalsozialismus, Rote Revue: sozialistische Monatsschrift 4/19, S. 154-157. Diner, Dan, Rassistisches Völkerrecht, Elemente einer nationalsozialistischen Wertordnung, Vierteljahreshefte für Zeitgeschichte 1/37 (1989), S. 23-56. Rogge, Hinrich, Hitlers Friedenspolitik und das Völkerrecht, Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 1939, S. 572-576. Schmoeckel, Mathias, Die Sumpfblüte des Völkerrechts im NS. Wechselnde Zwecke der Völkerrechtshistoriographie seit dem 16. Jahrhundert, in: Hermann/Lahusen/Ramm/Saar (Hrsg.), Nationalsozialismus und Recht, Zweite und Dritte Babelsberger Gespräche, 2018. Lange, Felix, Carl Bilfingers Entnazifizierung und die Entscheidung für Heidelberg, ZaöRV 74 (2014), S. 697-731. Lange, Felix, Zwischen völkerrechtlicher Systembildung und Begleitung der deutschen Außenpolitik. Das Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 1945-2002, Forschungsprogramm Geschichte der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Interviewpartner: Dr. Felix Lange von der Kolleg-Forschungsgruppe “International Rule of Law, Rise or Decline” Autor:innen: Isabel Lischewski, Sophie Schuberth, Viktoria Moissiadi
AutoML Applied to Time Series Analysis Tasks in Production Engineering
No full text<p>The dataset is accompanying the paper "AutoML Applied to Time Series Analysis Tasks in Production<br>Engineering" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.01.085" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.01.085</a>). It contains the experimental data referred to in the paper as "KIOptiPack".</p>
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Treaties in parliaments and courts ::the two other voices /
No full text"Highlighting the close relationship between foreign relations law and international law, this impressive book places parliament and domestic courts' engagement with treaties at the heart of its inquiry. It presents a timely assessment of the impact that different rules of constitutional law have on parliamentary and judicial approaches to treaties in four different states (Germany, India, South Africa and the US), thereby incorporating valuable comparative dimensions. With intellectual rigour, Felix Lange demonstrates how diverse conceptions of foreign relations law affect whether parliaments act as promoters, shapers or translators of human rights treaties, the Rome Statute to the International Criminal Court, and climate change treaties. Lange not only analyses the ways in which domestic courts rely on treaties through consistent interpretation and direct application, but also how they may dismiss treaty provisions as non-self-executing or employ the concept of non-justiciability in matters of foreign affairs. Ultimately, Lange embraces the view that parliaments and courts are being increasingly heard and suggests that their voices should become even louder. This book will prove indispensable to academics and students interested in law and politics, public international law and constitutional law. Legal practitioners with a keen interest in these areas will similarly benefit from the connections drawn between international law and constitutional law"-
annotations on elifesciences.org
No full textThis dataset accompanies the conference contribution"An Online Field Study on Scholarly JournalAnnotations" (Felix Lange, de Gruyter 2020, yet to be published), in which annotations on the journal plattform elifesciences.org are analysed. File "flange_cohen_kappa" contains the content-type attributions made by two annotators. Annotator 2 is the author of the study, Annotator 1 is a student assistant that worked on a subset of the data presented in the publication.On the basis of this attributions, the interrater reliability score (Cohen's kappa) was calculated (0.54). This data was created for test purposes. Minor differences (less than 5%) to the data used for the publication are possible, but not probable.The content-types reffered to in the spreadsheet are Assertion/Contribution (1), Information Request (2), Unspecified Praise/Criticism (3), Unclear (4). The file contains snippets of the annotation texts to differentiate between annotations that are referenced by the same web url.The "dataset anno_data_export" represents the data used in the final, published version of the article. It is accompanied by a data description. Errors in the data caused during the export are possible, but not probable.</div
Parents’ assets and child marriage: are mother’s assets more protective than father’s assets?
No full textChild marriage places girls at an increased risk for dropping out of school early, sexually transmitted infections, teenage childbirth, and accompanying childbirth complications, including maternal mortality. The determinants of child marriage are not clearly understood, which hinders efforts to mount effective interventions. This study examined the link between economic resources and child marriage by investigating whether maternal and paternal asset ownership were longitudinally associated with daughters’ child marriage in Ethiopia. Drawing upon household bargaining theory, it was hypothesized that maternal assets would be more protective of daughters’ child marriage than paternal assets. Data for 4,293 girls from the nationally representative Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey, fielded in 2011 and 2014, were employed. Logistic regression and instrumental variable analyses were used to examine the relationship between transition into child marriage during the study period and maternal and paternal assets, controlling for child-, family-, and community-level characteristics. Results show that a one standard deviation increase in mother’s assets was associated with 37–53% lower odds of daughter’s child marriage whereas a one standard deviation increase in paternal asset holdings was associated with 0–37% higher odds of daughter’s child marriage. Effects were strongest in regions where the dominant mode of marriage payments is bride price. These results suggest that the link between economic resources and child marriage depends on the gender of the parent who owns the resources. This study also highlights the interconnectedness of two targets of the gender equality Sustainable Development Goal—improvement of women’s ownership of assets and the elimination of child marriage—and suggests that the realization of one gender equality target could have implications for other targets.Peer reviewe
Disability among children of immigrants from India and China: is there excess disability among girls?
No full textWe investigate whether there is excess morbidity among daughters of Indian or Chinese immigrants in the US by studying the prevalence of disability among children. We use data from the 2012–14 American Community Surveys on approximately 20,000 US-born children of Indian and Chinese immigrants. Children of US natives are used as a comparison group to account for innate differences in disability between the sexes. Results indicate that there is excess disability among daughters compared with sons among children of Chinese immigrants and children of immigrants from northern or western Indian states; this excess disability declines with younger age at arrival or longer exposure to the host country. Analysis using children of Filipino immigrants as an alternative comparison group yields similar excess disability rates for females.Peer reviewe
Effect of Food Subsidies on Micronutrient Consumption
No full textIn this article, we study the effect of an exogenous increase in wheat and rice price subsidy to poor families resulting from a targeted food price subsidy program in India called the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) on micronutrient intake in low-income families. Descriptive results show that wheat and rice have one of the lowest micronutrient density scores, suggesting that these are poor suppliers of micronutrients. Empirical analysis suggests that the increase in subsidy amount of Rs. 15-18 resulting from the TPDS expansion lowered calcium intake by 12-14 percent and had negligible to small (often negative) effects on the consumption of most micronutrients.Peer reviewe
Sex composition of children and spousal sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textObjective
In societies with a cultural preference for sons over daughters, women who do not bear sons may be at increased risk for spousal violence. This study examined whether women with daughters only are at an elevated risk for spousal sexual violence compared to women with sons only in sub-Saharan Africa. The study tested the hypothesis that the association between sex composition of children and spousal sexual violence would be observed only in large families.
Methods
Data were from the most recent (as at February, 2016) Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 22 sub-Saharan African countries for 37,915 women. Odds ratios comparing experience of spousal sexual violence of women with sons only to those with daughters only were estimated, separately for women with three or fewer children and those with four or more children, controlling for age, age at first cohabitation, age at first birth, educational attainment, urban residence, and household wealth.
Results
Having daughters only was associated with a greater likelihood of spousal sexual violence among women with many children (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.02–2.30) but not among those with few children (AOR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.82–1.04).
Conclusions for practice
A higher risk of sexual violence for women without sons suggests that son preference may have implications on women’s health and wellbeing. Efforts to further understand and address increased risk of sexual violence for women without sons should consider son preference and intra-couple conflict concerning fertility intentions.Peer reviewe
optRF: Optimising random forest stability by determining the optimal number of trees
No full textAbstract Machine learning is frequently used to make decisions based on big data. Among these techniques, random forest is particularly prominent. Although random forest is known to have many advantages, one aspect that is often overseen is that it is a non-deterministic method that can produce different models using the same input data. This can have severe consequences on decision-making processes. In this study, we introduce a method to quantify the impact of non-determinism on predictions, variable importance estimates, and decisions based on the predictions or variable importance estimates. Our findings demonstrate that increasing the number of trees in random forests enhances the stability in a non-linear way while computation time increases linearly. Consequently, we conclude that there exists an optimal number of trees for any given data set that maximises the stability without unnecessarily increasing the computation time. Based on these findings, we have developed the R package optRF which models the relationship between the number of trees and the stability of random forest, providing recommendations for the optimal number of trees for any given data set.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
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