15,459 research outputs found
Methanofollis formosanus Wu, Chen & Lai, 2005, sp. nov.
No full textMethanofollis formosanus sp. nov. Description of Methanofollis formosanus sp. nov. Methanofollis formosanus (for.mo.sa'nus. N.L. masc. adj. formosanus from Formosa, the beautiful island of Taiwan). Irregularly coccoid cells, non-motile, 1 5-2 0 mmin diameter. Obligately anaerobic cells. Stains Gram-negative. Cell wall has an SDS-sensitive S-layer protein with an Mr of 138 800. Catabolic substrates used include H2/CO2 and formate, but not acetate, methanol, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, ethanol, 2-propanol, iso-butanol, 2-butanol or dimethylamine. Cells are mesophilic and grow at 20- 42°C, with optimal growth at 37°C. Cells grow at pH 5 6- 7-3, with optimal growth atpH 6-6. Cells grow well in 0-4 % NaCl, with optimal growth at 3 % NaCl. Addition ofacetate reduces the lag time and the trace element tungsten greatly promotes cell growth and extends the growth range. No growth is detected in minimal medium. Growth is completely inhibited by chloramphenicol and partly inhibited by tetracycline, but not by ampicillin, penicillin, kanamycin or spectinomycin. The G+C content of DNA of strain ML15T is 58 4 mol%. The type strain is strain ML15T (= OCM 789T = DSM 15483T), isolated from a marine water aquaculture fish pond near Wang-gong, Taiwan.Published as part of Wu, S. - Y., Chen, S. - C. & Lai, M. - C., 2005, Methanofollis formosanus sp. nov., isolated from a fish pond., pp. 837-842 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55 on page
Calappa karenae Ng & Lai, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textCalappa karenae sp. nov. (Figs. 1–5) Calappa sp. 1 (aff. sebastiani Galil, 1997)— Paulay et al. 2003: 496 [not Calappa sebastiani Galil, 1997] Material examined. Holotype: male (180.4 by 95.9 mm) (USNM 1150290), Haputo, Guam, in crab-trap, 100 fathoms (= 183 m), coll. E. Smith & L. Eldredge, 10 April 1986. Paratype: 1 male (CL 89.6 mm, damaged carapace; dimensions estimated from Fig. 1, 197.0 mm by 95.0 mm) (USNM 1150291), same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Carapace much broader than long, width to length ratio 1.88–2.07. Anterior two-thirds of dorsal surface with large, round submammillate tubercles; posterior one-third with numerous low small granules (Fig. 1, 2). Pterygostomian lobe with broad inner oblique longitudinal groove (Fig. 4 D). Posterolateral margin of clypeiform expansion with 8 triangular teeth (Figs. 1, 2). Outer margin of merus of cheliped with 4 lobes (Fig. 4 C). Chela with 6 high, lamelliform teeth on dorsal margin (Figs. 3 A, 4 A, B). Male thoracic sternites 4–6 relatively broad (Fig. 3 B, C). Male abdomen relatively broad; somite 6 subrectangular, slightly wider than long (Fig. 3 B, C). G 1 C-shaped; tip truncated (Fig. 5 B, C, D, E). Description. Carapace transversely ovate, much broader than long, width to length ratio 1.88 (holotype), 2.07 (estimated from photograph of paratype when intact) (Figs. 1, 2). Dorsal surface convex, anterior two-thirds covered with large, round submammillate tubercles, resembling low pustules, surface between tubercles finely granular; posterior third with numerous low small granules, short transverse striae, becoming more prominent, relatively larger towards posterior margin (Figs. 1, 2). Gastric region convex, with median part highest point of carapace, surface with low granules, tubercles; longitudinal gastro-cardiac grooves relatively deep, extending to just before posterior margin (Figs. 1, 2). Frontal margin distinctly bifurcated, with deep, broad U-shaped median cleft separating triangular teeth, separated from supraorbital margin by broad cleft (Fig. 2 A). Supraorbital margin uneven, granular, with 2 narrow longitudinal fissures on outer half (Fig. 2 A). Eyes folded obliquely, external orbital tooth low, tubercular (Fig. 3 A). Suborbital margin broad, dentiform, appearing sublobiform, with 3 low but distinct teeth, separated from external orbital angle by deep fissure (Fig. 3 A). Pterygostomian lobe at end of posterior margin of epistome with relatively broad inner oblique longitudinal groove (Fig. 3 A). Basal antennal article subquadrate, cusp-like, with transverse median ridge; proximal margin with prominent granules, distal margin deeply notched (Figs. 3 A, 5 A). Longitudinal epistomial septum appears anteriorly complete (Figs. 3 A, 4 D). Proepistome rounded (Fig. 3 A). Third maxilliped with margins of merus densely setose, distal margin cleft, anterolateral angle auriculiform (Fig. 4 D). Anterolateral margin arcuate, with 12–15 blunt, rounded unevenly sized tubercles, first tubercle distinct, subsequent ones very low, not easily discernible; last 5 or 6 progressively larger, more dentiform. Posterolateral margin of clypeiform expansion well developed, margins densely setose but not obscuring margin, with 8 triangular teeth, each tooth with denticulate margins, longitudinal median ridge (very strong in last 3 posterior teeth); first 4 teeth symmetrical, directed obliquely anteriorly; fifth tooth slightly asymmetrical, posterior part slightly longer, directed laterally; sixth tooth largest, broadest, asymmetrical, inner margin twice length of outer margin, directed posteriorly; last 2 teeth progressively smaller; posterior carapace margin gently concave, granular, not flanked by teeth but low lobes (Figs. 1, 2). Chelipeds asymmetrical, right larger (Figs. 1, 2 A, B, 3 A). Outer margin of merus with 4 lobes, first lobe very low, distalmost largest, sharpest; tip of lobes 3, 4 with sharp tubercle distally (Fig. 4 C). Carpus subtriangular, outer surface granular with scattered low tubercles (Fig. 4 B, C). Chela high, dorsal margin with prominent crest, with 6 high, lamelliform teeth, first smaller than second, directed slightly anteriorly; next 5 teeth vertical, acutely triangular, progressively smaller; base of crest with 2 small teeth; outer surface of manus with numerous granules, more prominent becoming denser, more prominent towards ventral margin with scattered large rounded tubercles; granules relatively more prominent in smaller chela; ventral margin lined with prominent row of granules, with prominent triangular tooth on proximal edge of ventral margin (Figs. 3 A, 4 A-C). Dactylus of major chela with distinct basal curved cutting tooth, rest of margin with several low teeth; pollex with 3 molariform teeth, first tooth largest, subsequent teeth small. Dactylus of minor chela slender, curved, proximal two-thirds granular, cutting margin lined with denticles; pollex relatively stouter, surface granular, proximal cutting margin lined with denticles, distal part more blade-like (Fig. 4 A, B). Ambulatory legs slender, surfaces smooth; first leg longest; merus, carpus, propodus laterally flattened; dactylus styliform, gently curved (Fig. 1). Thoracic sternum narrow; sternites 1, 2 completely fused; separated from sternite 3 by convex shallow groove; sternites 3, 4 fused but median sutures still visible, medially interrupted with longitudinal depression (Fig. 3 B); male thoracic sternites 4–6 relatively low, broad, surface covered with low, flattened granules (Fig. 3 B, C). Sternoabdominal cavity almost reaching thoracic suture 3 / 4 (Fig. 3 B). Abdomen relatively broad; somite 1 longitudinally narrow with lateral parts expanded, anterior margin distinctly granular; somite 2 with lateral parts expanded to form subauriculiform process, surface prominently granular; somites 3–5 fused but median sutures just visible as shallow broad grooves, present as clefts laterally; somite 3 sub-rectangular, outer margin appears lobiform, granular, scalloped; somite 4 trapezoidal, lateral margins sinuous; somite 5 rectangular, lateral margins concave, distal margin granular; somite 6 subrectangular, slightly wider than long, lateral margins concave; telson acutely triangular, converging gradually to sharp tip; lateral margins gently concave (Fig. 3 B, C). G 1 relatively stout, slightly sinuous (Fig. 5 B, C); tip truncated, distal surface lined with numerous minute spinules (Fig. 5 D, E). G 2 subequal in length to G 1, slender, curved, distal tip rounded (Fig. 5 F, G). Colour. On the basis of the colour photograph by Roy Kropp (Fig. 1), the live colouration of C. karenae is striking. It ranges from orange-red anteriorly to a light salmon pink in the posterior part of the carapace, with the round, submammillate tubercles in the middle third of the carapace scarlet red and bright yellow at the apex, resembling small pustules. Tips of movable fingers are dark brown, as are the tips of propodus on its ambulatory legs. The inner surface of the cheliped carpus is red, and the inner surface of its manus bears numerous small red spots. The preserved specimens have lost their colour and are now uniformly beige. Etymology. The authors are delighted to dedicate this distinctive new species to Ms Karen Reed, a custodian to the priceless crustacean collections at USNM, who helped us eventually locate these elusive specimens. Remarks. A label associated with the present specimens, written in 1979 by the late Austin Williams notes that the species “keys to hepatica in Sakai 1976 but cannot be that”. The general features of C. karenae sp. nov. superficially resemble C. hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758), but the differences are marked. Calappa hepatica has a green to purplish-grey carapace, never red. The front does not project so far anteriorly, there are no mammary-like tubercles on the carapace, and most importantly, the carapace is much less broad, with the width to length ratio of about 1.6 to 1.7 (see Galil 1997). The basal article of the antenna is also completely different (Galil 1997: Fig. 14 a). The carapace of C. karenae sp. nov. is wider than any other Calappa species in the Indo-West Pacific: C. calappa (Linnaeus, 1758) the next widest species, has a width to length ratio of 1.7 to 1.8 (Galil 1997). The carapace width to length ratios of the holotype and paratype of C. karenae sp. nov. is 1.88 and 2.07. respectively Calappa japonica Ortmann, 1892 has been reported to attain a larger carapace length (see Lai & Ng 2006; Ng et al. 2011) but its width to length ratio is approximately 1.4 in adult males. Calappa karenae sp. nov. was originally identified as C. sebastieni Galil, 1997 (labelled as “ Calappa aff. sebastieni ” in Paulay et al. 2003) on the basis of the photograph taken by Roy Kropp, but they are clearly different species, with C. sebastieni possessing a very different rostrum (Galil 1997: fig. 20 f) and a proportionately narrower carapace. The species perhaps closest to C. karenae sp. nov. is the poorly known C. yamasitae Sakai, 1980, described from two specimens (holotype male 110.0 × 66.0 mm and paratype female 100.0 × 62.0 mm) from Mie Prefecture in Japan. Unfortunately, comparisons between the two species can only be made based on Sakai’s publication, as the whereabouts of the only two known specimens of C. yamasitae is unknown. They are neither present in the various Japanese museums where Sakai’s material are known to be deposited, nor in Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt where a good part of his collection was posthumously donated. The specimens may be lost, mislabeled, or misplaced in one of these museums. Sakai provided a colour photograph of C. yamasitae (Sakai 1980: frontispiece fig. 2) although we do not know if it is an accurate representation of its live colour. The holotype as figured by Sakai (1980: frontispiece Fig. 2) had a carapace that was reddish-orange, with the large tubercles relatively darker in colour. The colouration, presence of mammary-type tubercles on carapace and general form of the chela are shared characters in both species. Their carapace proportions, however, are different; the width to length ratio is 1.6 for C. yamasitae whereas it is 1.88 in the holotype of C. karenae sp. nov. (2.07 in the paratype). While this disparity may be due to the much larger sizes of our specimens (CW 110.0 mm, C. yamasitae vs. 180.4 mm, C. karenae), it seems rather unlikely. The carapace width to length ratios of adult Calappa species do not usually vary by more than 0.2 even when considering changes associated with size are considered (unpublished data; based on 10 C. calappa adult males with CW greater than 100.0 mm). From the colour photograph of C. yamasitae (Sakai 1980: frontispiece fig. 2), this species also appears to possess a more depressed hepatic (similar to C. gallus) region than C. karenae sp. nov. The curvatures of the antero-lateral margins of both species are different. It is more when compared with convex in C. yamasitae than C. karenae sp. nov., although this is likely due to the relative width differences between the two species. The lateral spines along the clypeiform expansions on the posterolateral margin of the carapace points laterally in C. yamisitae but anteriorly in C. karenae sp. nov. The dorsal crest of the chela was also described as having 9 or 10 long teeth in C. yamasitae (see Sakai 1980: 7), but there are only six such teeth in C. karenae sp. nov., and even counting the two low teeth on the proximal part of the palm, there are a total of eight (Fig. 4 A, B). The teeth of the dorsal crest are more acute in C. karenae sp. nov.; they are higher and have narrower bases than those seen in C. yamasitae. The front also does not protrude very much in C. yamasitae (see Sakai 1980: frontispiece fig. 2, text fig. 2 a) while it does so prominently in C. karenae sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2 A, B). Sakai (1980: 6) described the front of C. yamasitae as “consisting of two median obtuse teeth, which are separated medially by a U-shaped sinus”. The frontal margin of C. karenae comprises two relatively sharp teeth, separated by a deeper U-shaped sulcus instead. More importantly, the male abdominal somite 6 of C. yamasitae is more transversely rectangular, with the telson evenly triangular, and the lateral margins of both structures are convex (Sakai 1980: text fig. 3 b). In contrast, the male somite 6 is quadrate, with curved, concave lateral margins and the telson more elongated, with straight lateral margins in C. karenae sp. nov. (Fig. 3 B). The G 1 is also relatively more slender in C. karenae sp. nov. (Fig. 5 B, C), with the median and basal parts proportionately stouter in C. yamasitae (Sakai 1980: text fig. 3 c) The new species also resembles species in the C. japonica Ortmann, 1892, group, which includes C. exanthematosa Alcock & Anderson, 1894, and C. africana Lai & Ng, 2006 (see Ng et al. 2011), especially in the general form of the mammary-like granules on the carapace. Other than the different colour patterns, C. karenae sp. nov. can be separated from C. japonica, C. exanthematosa and C. africana by its much broader carapace, more deeply clefted distal margin of the first maxilliped endopod, the rounded rather than triangular and compressed proepistome, and proportionately broader groove on the pterygostomian lobe (cf. Lai & Ng 2006; Ng et al. 2011). The use of deep-water traps in Guam and the rest of the Mariana Is have already uncovered many new and/or rare species of homolids, poupiniids, inachids and mathildellids (Eldredge 1980; Williams & Moffitt 1991; Ng & Wang 2002; Crosnier & Ng 2004). The present discovery of Calappa karenae sp. nov. attests to the value of using trapping in areas with deep steep cliffs which cannot be sampled by trawls or dredges (see Mendoza et al. 2010).Published as part of Ng, Peter K. L. & Lai, Joelle C. Y., 2012, Calappa karenae, a new species of box crab from Guam (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Calappidae), pp. 57-65 in Zootaxa 3393 on pages 57-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21119
Helobdella octatestisaca Lai and Chang, n. sp.
No full text<i>Helobdella octatestisaca</i> Lai and Chang, n. sp. <p>(Fig. 1 & Fig. 2)</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b>: L00077, deposited in the Invertebrate Zoology and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Life Science in National Taiwan University, Taipei. Underneath stone in Guandu Plain, Taipei, Taiwan (25° 07' 55'' 71''' N, 121° 28' 79'' 33''' E), collected by Yi-Te Lai, 05 April 2008.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>: L00078, deposited in the Invertebrate Zoology and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Life Science in National Taiwan University, Taipei. Underneath stone in Guandu Plain, Taipei, Taiwan (25° 07' 55'' 71''' N, 121° 28' 79'' 33''' E), collected by Yi-Te Lai, 05 April 2008. L00079 (four specimens), deposited in the Invertebrate Zoology and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Life Science in National Taiwan University, Taipei. Underneath stone in Guandu Plain, Taipei, Taiwan (25° 07' 59'' 69''' N, 121° 28' 74'' 07''' E), collected by Yi-Te Lai, 05 April 2008. Mounted specimen SLD0011R, SLD0015L&R, deposited in the Invertebrate Zoology and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Life Science in National Taiwan University, Taipei. Underneath stone in Guandu Plain, Taipei, Taiwan, collected by Yi-Te Lai, 01 October 2006. Mounted specimen SLD0020L, deposited in the Invertebrate Zoology and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Life Science in National Taiwan University, Taipei. Underneath stone in Guandu Plain, Taipei, Taiwan (25° 07' 55'' 71''' N, 121° 28' 79'' 33''' E), collected by Yi-Te Lai, 05 April 2008.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>: The specific name is “eight testisacs” in Latin, which describes the unordinarily low number of testisacs of the species.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> Morphologically, this species could be recognized with a pair of close eyes, scute of the middorsal nuchal region, smooth surface without papillae, transparent body, diffuse salivary tissues, six pairs of crop caeca, four pairs of intestine caeca, and four pairs of testisacs, which is the most important character that made the species be distinguished from other scutiferous <i>Helobdella</i> species.</p> <p> <b>Form:</b> Body length 9–14 mm, maximum body width 2–5 mm, anterior sucker diameter 0.5–0.8 mm, posterior sucker diameter 0.8–1.5 mm. Ovate-acuminate, tapering towards anterior end, and ovate-lanceolate in relaxed specimens; moderately flattened; dorsum arched; venter flat or slightly indented. Cephalic sucker cupuliform with thickened rim; proboscis pore small, in centre of cavity. Posterior sucker circular, diameter almost equal to half of maximum body width, with thick margin and flat venter, broadly attached, directed ventrally or slightly caudalventrally. Nuchal scute round or backward pointed triangle, with color black, brown, or sometimes transparent gray.</p> <p> <b>Color and pattern:</b> When alive, body translucent, color of dusky brown, pale, gray, or pink. Dorsum with tiny light brown dots arranged transversely in every annulus except the first ten. Dark green or olive chromatophores arranged irregularly under body surface. Venter without any chromatophores. Dorsum of posterior sucker with irregularly distributed brown spots. Venter of posterior sucker without any dots or spots.</p> <p> <b>Eyes:</b> One pair, punctiform to triangular, close to each other, and sometimes separated only by a tiny space in median field in III (3rd annulus).</p> <p> <b>Annulation:</b> 68 annuli in holotype specimen. I, II and III uniannulate, indistinctly separated from each other. IV biannulate with (ala2)>a 3. V biannulate, with (ala2)>a3, and in some cases an indistinct furrow in a1/a 2. VI –XXIV midbody somite and triannulate. XXV biannulate with (ala2)>a3. XXVI and XXVII uniannulate. Nuchal scute in the middle VIII a1/a2 (14th/15th annulus). Anus in the furrow of XXV/XXVI (66th/ 67th annulus).</p> <p> <b>Papillation:</b> Body smooth, papillae indistinct, a transverse row of tiny and vague papillae on each annulus dorsally. Sensory papillae not distinguishable from other papillae. Dorsum of posterior sucker with few scattered papillae. Venter smooth.</p> <p> <b>Gonopores:</b> Separated by one annulus; male at XII a1/a2 (26th/27th annulus); female at XII a2/a3 (27th/28 th annulus); both strictly within furrows.</p> <p> <b>Digestive system:</b> Proboscis cylindrical, slender, slightly tapered terminally; in flattened specimens about equal in length to total of 10 annuli. Salivary glands diffuse; gland cells loosely distributed beside the pharynx in XI–XIV. Crop in XIV–XIX; 6 pairs of caeca; first 5 pairs in XIV–XVIII simple, unlobed and unbranched, directed laterally and confined to their respective segments as the first two pairs often indistinct and vague when empty; sixth pair in XIX elongate, deflected posteriorly and lateral to intestine, extended to about XXII obliquely. Four pairs of unlobed intestinal caeca in XX–XXIII. Hind gut saccate, rectum narrow and oblique, tapering towards anus.</p> <p> <b>Male Reproduction System:</b> Four pairs of testisacs intersegmentally arranged at XV/XVI–XVIII/XIX. Vas deferens enters sperm duct in XIII, expands into seminal vesicle with S-shaped loop. Ejaculatory duct almost straight, with the same wide and proceeds obliquely outward and forward up to XI. Terminal end of ejaculatory duct with vertical curve occasionally before turning smoothly inwards towards atrial cornu at XI/ XII, narrows at junction with cornu at XI/XII. Cornua muscular, strongly divergent, nearlyovate in dorsal view. Atrium short and indistinct.</p> <p> <b>Female reproduction system:</b> Ovisacs directed caudally; oviducts joined into short and indistinct atrium in XII.</p> <p> <b>Habitat:</b> Attached on the under surface of submerged or semisubmerged stones, woodblocks, plastic bags, artificial trashes, stems of aquatic plants, and shell surface of apple snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> Lamarck. Commonly in rice paddies, irrigation ditches, ponds, slow streams, drainage ditches and open sewers in Taipei, Taichung, Yunlin, Pingtung, Yilan, and Taitung.</p> <p> <b>Prey or host:</b> Tubificid worms and other aquatic oligochaetes, and chironomids; occasionally found in group attaching on the body surface of predatory leech <i>Whitmania laevis</i> and sometimes on the surface of operculum and shell surface of the apple snail <i>P. canaliculata</i>.</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> <i>H. octatestisaca</i> is similar to the widespread scutiferous species <i>Helobdella stagnalis</i> Linnaeus in both external and internal morphology. However, it can be distinguished from <i>H. stagnalis</i> and other scutiferous species of the genus by the first two pairs of crop caeca being unapparent, and by having only four pairs of testisacs; fewer than six pairs of testisacs in the <i>Helobdella</i> species is unusual.</p> <p> Since <i>H. octatestisaca</i> has a conspicuous scute on the neck region of the middorsum, it is less likely that the species had been incorrectly identified as a nonscutiferous species by former researchers in Taiwan. In addition, the morphological similarity between <i>H. octatestisaca</i> and the well known widespread leech <i>H. stagnalis,</i> recorded for decades in China, India, and Japan, also reduced the possibility of misidentification (Harding & Moore 1985; Uchida 1965; Yang 1996). In our survey, <i>H. octatestisaca</i> was found commonly in easily accessible habitats, such as rice paddies and irrigation ditches where they should have been discovered by past researchers. However, <i>H. octatestisaca</i> or any scutiferous leeches have never been discovered or mentioned in any hirudinea fauna survey in Taiwan (Oka 1910, 1923, 1925, 1928 a– c, 1929 a – c, 1930, 1931, 1934; Takahashi 1931, 1933, 1934 a – b, 1935). Hence, it was inferred that <i>H. octatestisaca</i> is probably a recently invaded species in Taiwan.</p>Published as part of <i>Lai, Yi-Te, Chang, Chih-Han & Chen, Jiun-Hong, 2009, Two new species of Helobdella Blanchard 1896 (Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) from Taiwan, with a checklist of hirudinea fauna of the island, pp. 27-46 in Zootaxa 2068</i> on pages 30-34, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/187040">10.5281/zenodo.187040</a>
Studi Fertilitas Dan Inkompatibilitas Pollen Spesies Durio Kutejensis Dan Durio Sp. Asal Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
No full textPulau Kalimantan merupakan sentra keragaman genetik tumbuhan di indonesia,
diantaranya beberapa genus Durio yang bersifat endemik. Keberadaan tumbuhan tersebut
sebagai potensi dan asset sumberdaya genetik. Demikian halnya di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur,
terdapat spesies Durio kutejensis dan Durio sp. yang merupakan kerabat dekat tanaman
Durian. Kedua spesies tersebut sudah dikenal masyarakat lokal bahkan sudah terdaftar
sebagai varietas unggul nasional merupakan komoditas hortikultura buah yang berpeluang
ekonomis untuk dibudidayakan, karena buah Durio kutejensis yang dikenal dengan buah Lai
dan Durio sp. yang dikenal masyarakat dengan sebutan Mandong sangat berpotensi, karena
memiliki nilai jual yang relatif sama dengan buah durian, preferensi konsumen relatif tinggi dan
memiliki keragaman buah yang bervariasi. Buah Lai dan Mandong memiliki karakter buah dan
daging buah yang berbeda dengan durian (D.zibethinus), teutama aroma daging buah tidak
menyengat, tidak mengandung alkohol, dan rasa daging buah manis, berlemak dan bertekstur
halus. Namun demikian, perkembangan dan pertambahan populasi tanaman Lai dan
Mandong di Kalimantan Timur tidak signifikan, hal ini disebabkan karena terbatasnya upaya
pengembangan dan peremajaan pohon, baik oleh permerintah maupun masyarakat,
produktivitas tanaman relatif rendah, produksi buah setiap musin cenderung tidak stabil dan
beberapa faktor lainnya. Menurut Shaari, et at. (1985); Indriyani, et al. (2012), sebagian besar
genus Durio memiliki sifat inkompatibilitas yang dapat menghambat proses penyerbukan
(polination) dan pembuahan (fertilization), sehingga menghambat terbentuknya buah.
Ditambahkan oleh Bumrungsri, et al. (2008): Baqi, et al. (2022), tanaman genus Durio memiliki
bunga hermaprodit tetapi bersifat protandry yang menyebabkan terjadinya sifat inkompatibilitas
(incompatibility), yaitu ketidakmampuan tanaman mmembentuk biji dan buah karena benang
sari (anther) dan putik (stigma) matang (mature) tidak bersamaan.
Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengidentifikasi karakter morfologi dan
pertumbuhan bunga dan buah pada spesies Durio kutejensis dan Durio sp., (2) mengetahui
tingkat fertilitas pollen pada spesies Durio kutejensis dan Durio sp. (3) mengetahui tingkat
Inkompatibilitas pada persilangan spesies yang sama dan antar spesies pada Durio kutejensis
dan Durio sp. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lapangan, yaitu di Dusun Batu Besaung, Kelurahan
Sempaja Selatan, wilayah administratif Kota Samarinda, dan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi,
Faperta Unmul. Kegiatan Penelitian yang dilaksanakan di lapangan untuk mengetahui diskripsi
morfologi dan pertumbuhan bunga dan buah, serta kegiatan proses persilangan. Sedangkan di
Laboratorium melakukan uji viabilitas pollen Lai var. Mahakam, Lai var Kutai, Lai var. Batuah
dan var Mandong.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tahap perkembangan bunga sejak inisiasi hingga
mekar, rata-rata untuk Lai var, mahakam 48,00 hari, Lai var. Kutai 48,00 hari, Lai var. Batuah
50,60 hari dan var. Mandong 52.40 hari. Penampilan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif bunga
pada 3 (tiga) varietas Lai relatif sama, sedangkan pada varietas mandong berbeda, yaitu warna
11
mahkota, benang sari dan putik berwarna pink, sedang Lai berwarna merah. ukuran panjang
dan diameter (kuncup bulat, kuncup lonjong, kuncup belum mekar dan bunga mekar) pada
bunga Mandong relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan bunga Lai. Karakter kualitatif bunga
dan buah berbeda untuk ke 2 (dua) spesies tersebut. Fertilitas pollen Lai (Durio kutejensis) dan
Mandong (Durio sp.) termasuk katagori fertil, karena daya kecambah (viabilitas) pada hari
pertama setelah bunga mekar rata-rata 74,34%. Hal ini menurut Williams. et.al. (1994),
persentase daya kecambah antara 61-100% termasuk klasifikasi fertil. Hasil persilangan
antarspesies Durio kutejensis dan Durio sp. sebesar 83.33% dan 16,67%. Menurut Wang, et al.
(2003) persentase terbentuknya buah hasil persilangan tersebut diklasifikasikan kompatibel
(compatibility) dan inkompatibel sebagian (partial incompatibility
Morphological and molecular characteristics of Panax sp. (Araliaceae) from Phu Xai lai leng mountain, Nghe An province, Vietnam
Full text linkSeven sterile and young specimens of Panax sp. were collected in Phu Xai Lai Leng silicat mountain, the highest mountain peak in central Vietnam. Morphologically, they resemble P. stipuleanatus and P. bipinnatifidus. However, they have stipules and leaflets that are not bipinnatifid. The ITS-DNA sequences of Panax sp. from Phu Xai Lai Leng are identical and exhibit a close relationship with P. stipuleanatus from Tam Duong district, Lai Chau province with strong bootstrap support (98%). Noticeably, these two taxa are different by 2 nucleotides. A collection of standard specimens including inflorescence, infructescence, flowers and ripe fruits of Panax from Phu Xai Lai Leng is needed to determine its taxonomic status.
Draconibacterium mangrovi Hu & Guo & Lai & Dong & Huang 2020, SP. NOV.
No full textDESCRIPTION OF DRACONIBACTERIUM MANGROVI SP. NOV. Draconibacterium mangrovi (man.gro'vi. N.L. gen. n. mangrovi of a mangrove). Colonies on MB agar plates are light yellow, small and round. Cells are Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, slightly curved and long rod-shaped, 5–6.5 µm long and 0.6 µm wide, with no flagellum. Catalase activity is weak positive and oxidase activity is positive. Growth is observed at 15–40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), NaCl tolerance of 0–5% (w/v; optimum, 2%) and pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). It has no ability to degrade soluble starch, skimmed milk or carboxymethyl cellulose. Grows slowly on nitrogenfree medium. This species shows positive results for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, trypsin, α -chymotrypsin, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS- BI-phosphohydrolase, α -galactosidase, β -galactosidase, α -glucosidase, β -glucosidase, N -acetyl- β -glucosaminidase and β -fucosidase; weak positive for lipase (C14), β -glucuronidase and α -mannosidase. Reduction of nitrate to nitrite is positive. Production of indole is weak positive. Hydrolysis of aesculin is positive. Positive for 4-nitropheny l- β -D-galactopyranoside. Hydrolysis of gelatin is negative. Fermentation of amygdalin is positive and fermentation of rhamnose, sucrose and melibiose is weakly positive. The predominant menaquinone is MK-7. The major fatty acids are (>10%) iso-C 15:0, anteiso-C 15:0 and C 17:1 ω 6 c. The polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and several unidentified lipids. The draft genome size is 5.9 Mb with genomic G+C content of 40.8 mol%. The type strain, GM2-18 T (=MCCC 1K04382 T =KCTC 72879 T), was isolated from mangrove sediment sampled at Luoyang River estuary in Quanzhou bay, Fujian, PR China. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain GM2-18 T is MN908333. The draft genome sequence has been deposited at GenBank under the accession number JAAAGB000000000.Published as part of Hu, Yuzhong, Guo, Yu, Lai, Qiliang, Dong, Le & Huang, Zhaobin, 2020, DraCOnibaCTerium mangrOVi sp. nov., isolated from mangrove sediment, pp. 4816-4821 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (8) on pages 4819-4820, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004354, http://zenodo.org/record/622405
Pareuzebyella sediminis Huang & Wei & Lai & Chen & Yuan 2021, SP. NOV.
No full textDESCRIPTION OF PAREUZEBYELLA SEDIMINIS SP. NOV. Pareuzebyella sediminis (se.di'mi.nis. L. gen. n. sediminis of sediment). Cells are approximately 0.5 µm in width and 1.6 µm in length. Colonies on MB agar plate are light-orange, round, and small. Growth occurs at the temperature of 15–40 °C with optimum of 30–35 °C. No growth was found at 10 or 45 °C. NaCl requirement range was found to be 0.5–10%, with optimum of 1–3%. The species can degrade Tween 40 and Tween 60, but showed no ability to degrade skim milk (protein), cellulose, starch, and Tween 80. Nitrate cannot be reduced into nitrite. Positive for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-Phosphohydrolase, β -galactosidase and α -glucosidase; weak positive for α -mannosidase and tryptophan deaminase, and negative for trypsin, α -chymotrypsin, α -galactosidase, β -glucuronidase, β -glucosidase, N-acetylβ -glucosaminidase, and β -fucosidase. Gelatin and aesculin can be hydrolysed. Voges-Proskauer reaction is positive. The predominant menaquinone is MK-6. The predominant fatty acids are C 15:0 iso, C 17:0 iso 3-OH, C 15:1 iso G, and summed feature 9 (C 17:1 iso ω 9 c and/or C 16:0 10-methyl). The polar lipid profiles included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), four unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids. The genome size is 4.9–5.0 Mb with genomic G+C content of 41.5 mol%. The type strain, S2-4-21 T (= MCCC 1 K03818 T = KCTC 72152 T) was isolated from the sediment of coastal cordgrass S. alterniflora and another strain MT2-5-19 (= KCTC 72539 = MCCC 1 K03874) was isolated from the neighbouring oyster field in Quanzhou bay, China. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain S2-4-21 T and MT2-5-19 are MN227660 and MN227661, respectively. The whole genome shotgun projects of strain S2-4-21 T and MT2-5-19 has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accessions of VTZS00000000 and VTZT00000000, respectively.Published as part of Huang, Zhaobin, Wei, Xiaomei, Lai, Qiliang, Chen, Shiyong & Yuan, Jianjun, 2021, PareUZebyella sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium in the family FlaVObaCTeriaCeae, isolated from a tidal flat sediment, pp. 1-9 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (004606) (004606) 71 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004606, http://zenodo.org/record/604872
Helobdella melananus Lai and Chang, n. sp.
No full text<i>Helobdella melananus</i> Lai and Chang, n. sp. <p>(Fig. 3 & Fig. 4)</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> L00081, deposited in the Invertebrate Zoology and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Life Science in National Taiwan University, Taipei. Underneath stone in Guandu Plain, Taipei, Taiwan (25° 07' 59' 69''' N, 121° 28' 74'' 07''' E), collected by Yi-Te Lai, 12 October 2007.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes:</b> L00082&L00083, deposited in the Invertebrate Zoology and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Life Science in National Taiwan University, Taipei. Underneath stone in Guandu Plain, Taipei, Taiwan (25° 07' 59' 69''' N, 121° 28' 74'' 07''' E), collected by Yi-Te Lai, 12 October 2007. Mounted specimen SLD0002R, SLD0003L, SLD0004L&R, SLD0006R, SLD0007L, SLD0008L&R, and SLD0009L&R, deposited in the Invertebrate Zoology and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Life Science in National Taiwan University, Taipei. Underneath stone in Guandu Plain, Taipei, Taiwan, collected by Yi-Te Lai, 01 October 2006.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> The specific name is alluding to the conspicuous black pigmentation around the anus and the gradual increase of black pigmentation on the annuli and papillae of the posterior body.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> The body length is less than 10 mm. No scute. On the pale dorsum, the papillae are more and more apparent and pigmented on the posterior annuli. The anus is significantly pigmented. Hence this species can be easily distinguished by the obviously pigmented anus as well as the increasing pigmentation and protrusion of dorsal papillae. Internally, five pairs of crop caeca and four pairs of testisacs are significant characters to be recognized.</p> <p> <b>Form:</b> Body length 4.0–5.5 mm, maximum body width 2.0–2.3 mm, anterior sucker diameter 0.3–0.4 mm, posterior sucker diameter 0.9–1.0 mm. Ovate-lanceolate in relaxed specimens; uniformly flattened dorsalventrally; dorsum slightly convex; venter flat. Cephalic sucker cupuliform with thickened rim; proboscis pore small, in centre of cavity. Posterior sucker circular, diameter almost equal to half to one third of maximum body width, with thick margin and flat venter, broadly attached, directed ventrally or slightly caudalventrally. No nuchal scute present.</p> <p> <b>Color and pattern:</b> When alive, body translucent, color of gray, green, pink, or unpigmented. Dorsum with tiny black or olive dots arranged transversely in every annulus but indistinct in those of one third of anterior body. Pale brown or green chromatophores arranged through the body surface, accumulated more in more posterior annuli. Venter without any chromatophores, with tiny black dots arranged transversely and marginally. Dorsum of posterior sucker with irregularly distributed black spots. Venter without any dots or spots.</p> <p> <b>Eyes:</b> One pair, punctiform to triangular in median field in III (3rd annulus).</p> <p> <b>Annulation:</b> 67 annuli in holotype specimen. I, II and III uniannulate, indistinctly separated from each other. IV biannulate with (ala2)>a 3. V biannulate, with (ala2)>a3, and in some cases an indistinct furrow in a1/a 2. VI –XXIII midbody somite and triannulate. XXIV and XXV biannulate. XXVI and XXVII uniannulate. Anus in the furrow of XXVI/XXVII (66th/67th annulus).</p> <p> <b>Papillation:</b> Anterior half dorsum smooth; posterior half dorsum with three rows of papillae, one large median row and one mild row on each side submarginally. The middle row of papillae distinguishable and black-tipped from XVII–XXVII; while the submarginal rows of papillae from XXIII–XXVI. Dorsum of posterior sucker with no distinct papillae. Venter smooth.</p> <p> <b>Gonopores:</b> Separated by one annulus; male at XII a1/a2 (26th/27th annulus); female at XII a2/a3 (27th/28th annulus); both strictly within furrows.</p> <p> <b>Digestive system:</b> Proboscis cylindrical and robust; in flattened specimens, no more in length than 10 annuli. Salivary glands diffuse; gland cells loosely distributed beside the pharynx in XI–XIV. Crop in XV–XIX; 5 pairs of caeca; first 4 pairs in XV–XVIII simple, unlobed and unbranched, directed laterally and confined to their respective segments as the first pair often indistinct and vague when empty; fifth pair in XIX elongate, deflected posteriorly and lateral to intestine, extended to about XXIII obliquely. Four pairs of unlobed intestinal caeca in XX–XXIII. Hind gut saccate, rectum narrow and oblique, tapering towards anus.</p> <p> <b>Male reproduction system:</b> Four pairs of testisacs, intersegmentally arranged at XV/XVI–XVIII/XIX. Vas deferens enters sperm duct in XII/XIII, expands into seminal vesicle with S-shaped loop. Ejaculatory duct straight, uniformly broad and proceeds sometimes obliquely inward and forward up to XI. Terminal end of ejaculatory duct turning smoothly inwards towards atrial cornu at XI/XII, narrows at junction with cornu at XI/XII. Cornua muscular, strongly divergent, ovate in dorsal view. Atrium short and indistinct.</p> <p> <b>Female reproduction system:</b> Ovisacs directed caudally; oviducts joined into short and indistinct atrium in XII.</p> <p> <b>Habitat:</b> Attached on the surface of submerged or semisubmerged stones, woodblocks, artificial trash, and the shell surface of apple snail <i>P. canaliculata</i> and the viviparid snail <i>Sinotaia quadrata</i> Benson in flowing water. Rarely in irrigation ditches, drainage ditches and open sewers in Taipei.</p> <p> <b>Prey or host:</b> Unknown. Tubificid worms and other aquatic oligochaetes may be the host or prey because the leeches exhibit foraging behavior while they are put into the same aquatic tank in lab. Viviparid snails may also be a prey item as <i>H. melananus</i> are usually attached on the shell surface.</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> Compared with other <i>Helobdella</i> species, <i>H. melananus</i> is small and thin. The unique arrangement of pigmented papillae and the significantly pigmented anus make this species different from most other known <i>Helobdella</i> species. According to our review, <i>H. conifera</i> from Yeman (Al-Safadi & El- Shimy 1993) is the only described <i>Helobdella</i> species with similar external morphology as <i>H. melananus</i>. The pattern of papillae distribution in these two species looks alike. However, the mature body size of <i>H. conifera</i> (8–15 mm in length, 2–3 mm in width) is much larger than <i>H. melananus</i> (4–5.5 mm in length, 2–2.3 mm in width). The papillae of <i>H. conifera</i> are not pigmented, while the papillae of <i>H. melananus</i> are obviously pigmented. In addition, the black-pigmented anus, which is the significant character on <i>H. melananus</i>, was not noted on <i>H. conifera</i>.</p> <p> Anatomically, <i>H.</i> melananus is different from most other <i>Helobdella</i> species by possessing five pairs of crop caeca and four pairs of testisacs, which is fewer than the number of testisacs in most of other <i>Helobdella</i> species. In addition, although the numbers of crop caeca and testisacs of <i>H. melananus</i> are the same as <i>H. conifera</i> from Yeman, these numbers do not match the original description of <i>H. conifera</i> (Al-Safadi & El- Shimy 1993). Hence, with the external and internal differences, <i>H. melananus</i> should be a new species rather than a described species.</p> <p> Since it has been demonstrated that <i>Helobdella</i> leeches have origins in the Central and South America and dispersed passively from those regions, <i>H. melananus</i> is possibly an invasive species in Taiwan with an unknown origin in the Central and South America.</p>Published as part of <i>Lai, Yi-Te, Chang, Chih-Han & Chen, Jiun-Hong, 2009, Two new species of Helobdella Blanchard 1896 (Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) from Taiwan, with a checklist of hirudinea fauna of the island, pp. 27-46 in Zootaxa 2068</i> on pages 34-37, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/187040">10.5281/zenodo.187040</a>
Mursia xianshengi Lai & Galil, 2006, n. sp.
No full textMursia xianshengi n. sp. (Figs. 1 A–C, 2 A, B) Mursia africana Ng et al., 2002: 356 [not M. africana Galil, 1993]. Material examined. Holotype, 1 male [42.2 by 55.5 mm (75.0 mm, including lateral spines)]; ZRC 1999.0086; trawled from the Andaman Sea, off Southern ThailandBurma coast, 06º 41.7 ’N 97 º 58.2 ’E, at depth 342 m, 20 March 1989. Description. Carapace transversely subovate, convex, regions poorly marked, 1.35 wide as long (excluding lateral spines). Dorsal surface covered with closelyspaced perliform granules increasing in size laterally. Granular protuberances, diminishing in size posteriorly, disposed in 7 radial rows on dorsal surface of carapace. Mesogastric region highest part of carapace. Gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions separated from branchial regions by shallow, sinuous longitudinal grooves. Anterolateral margin arcuate, crenulate, denticulate and beaded. Lateral spine slim, acuminate, slightly curved upwards and forwards, about one sixth (0.17) carapace width, proximally granulate on upper surface. Posterolateral margins beaded, oblique, sharply convergent. Posterior margin intermittently beaded, lateral teeth triangular, dorsoventrally flattened, median lobe nearly obsolescent. Front as wide as orbit. Frontal margin projecting beyond orbits, trilobate, median lobe broadly triangular, at lower plane than lateral lobes; lateral lobes rounded, separated from supraorbital margin by shallow concavity. Antennules obliquely folded. Supraorbital margin with a single slight fissure, minutely granulate, bearing long plumose setae. Inner orbital tooth separated from outer orbital margin by deep Ushaped cleft, and from front by orbital hiatus. Antennae small, slender, basal segment article subrectangular, lodged in orbital hiatus. Eyes retractable, eyestalk short, granulate, setose. Buccal frame rhomboidal, narrowing anteriorly. Thick fringe of plumose setae running the length of third maxilliped endopod, merus and ischium granulate, bearing short setae. Subhepatic region tomentose. Sternum granulose. Male abdomen with segments 3–5 fused; prominent trilobate carina on second segment, prominent subquadrate lateral lobes separated by narrow clefts from lower subquadrate median lobe (see fig 1 A); sixth abdominal segment subquadrate, lateral margins sinuous; telson triangular, slightly shorter than sixth segment. Chelipeds massive, granulate, nearly equal. Merus bispinose dorsodistally, distal spine longer, stouter than subdistal spine. Anterodistal margin of carpi ending in triangular denticle. External surface of manus convex, upper margin crested, setose. Larger chela bearing dorsal crest with seven denticles, teeth 1–3 successively larger, teeth 4–7 progressively more laciniate (numbered from proximal to distal). External surface prominently granulate, with 3 small granular tubercles near base of crest, several nearly effaced, granulate tubercles mid chela, and prominent, sinuous ridge, proximally unidentate, with closely granular margin, above lower margin. Internal surface with tomentose band near lower margin. Lower margin granulate, serrate, serrations successively smaller proximally. Upper margin of dactylus crested, setose, proximally granulate; with curved rounded tooth proximally fitting into depression in molariform tooth in pollex; inner surface of dactylus bearing stridulating ridge consisting of about 30 striae larger medially. Smaller chela lacks the large dactylar tooth. Pereopods 2–5 slender, laterally compressed, upper and lower margins minutely granulate; upper margin of carpi distally spinose; dactyli slender, longer than propodi, styliform. First male pleopod tapering evenly, curved, distally spinulose. Second male pleopod long, slender; cornute, distal portion crookshaped, tip twisted inwards, upcurved (Fig. 2 A) Distribution. Known only from type locality, Andaman Sea, off the ThailandBurma coast. Etymology. Xiansheng, honoured teacher, in Mandarin Chinese, in honour of Pat McLaughlin, for her contributions to the knowledge of decapod crustaceans. Remarks. Mursia xianshengi resembles M. africana Galil, 1993, M. buwaya Galil & Takeda, 2004, M. flamma Galil, 1993, and M. microspina Davie & Short, 1989, in having the distal part of the second male pleopod crookshaped. Mursia xianshengi differs from the latter two species in its longer lateral spine and from M. africana in the sculpture of the external surface of the chela, which in M. africana consists of twelve tubercles in total (nine tubercles in three oblique rows across the chela, and three tubercles near the base of serrated crest) and uniformly granulated throughout. It is most similar to M. buwaya, but may be distinguished from it based on its distinctly shorter and anteriorly curved lateral carapace spines (Fig. 1 A, B), the prominent granulation on the external surface of the palm, and the difference in its sculpture, consisting of three small granular tubercles near base of the palmar crest, and several nearly effaced, granulate tubercles in the middle of the chela. M. buwaya bears two tubercles near base of crest, two widely spaced tubercles in the middle of the chela and three closely spaced tubercles just below the dactylar articulation (Fig. 1 C–F). The shape of the trilobate carina of the second abdominal segment also differs between M. xianshengi and M. buwaya [subquadrate lateral lobes separated by narrow clefts from lower subquadrate median lobe versus rounded lateral lobes separated by wider clefts from median lobe (Fig. 1 A, B)]. Examination of large series of Mursia specimens has shown that the length and form of the lateral spine and the sculpture of the external surface of the palm are species specific characters. Even though we had a single specimen of M. xianshengi, it was an adult male, and it was compared with several adult males of M. buwaya. The differences were consistent in all specimens examined.Published as part of Lai, Joelle C. Y. & Galil, Bella, 2006, A new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Calappidae) from the Andaman Sea, pp. 57-61 in Zootaxa 1255 on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17306
A new species of Aleurolobus Quaintance et Baker (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) from Southern Europe.
Full text linkAleurolobus teucrii n. sp. is described from southern Italy and the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). The species seems to be monophagous on Teucrium fruticans L. A key to the European species of this genus (A. niloticus Priesner et Hosny, A. olivinus (Silvestri), A. wunni (Ryberg) and A. teucrii n. sp.) is provided.peer-reviewe
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