6,913 research outputs found
Enhancing Pear Tree Yield Estimation Accuracy by Assimilating LAI and SM into the WOFOST Model Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Data
No full textIn modern agriculture, timely and accurate crop yield information is crucial for optimising agricultural production management and resource allocation. This study focused on improving the prediction accuracy of pear yields. Taking Alar City, Xinjiang, China as the research area, a variety of data including leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture (SM) and remote sensing data were collected, covering four key periods of pear growth. Three advanced algorithms, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest (RF), were used to construct the regression models of LAI and vegetation index in four key periods using Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing data. The results showed that the RF algorithm provided the best results when inverting the LAI. The coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.73, 0.72, 0.76, and 0.77 for the four periods, respectively, and the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) were 0.21 m2/m2, 0.24 m2/m2, 0.18 m2/m2, and 0.16 m2/m2, respectively. Therefore, the RF algorithm was selected as the preferred method for LAI inversion in this study. Subsequently, the study further explored the potential of data assimilation techniques in enhancing the accuracy of pear yield simulation. LAI and SM were incorporated into the World Food Studies (WOFOST) crop growth model by four assimilation algorithms, namely, the Four-Dimensional Variational Approach (4D-Var), Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm, Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), and Particle Filter (PF) in separate and joint assimilation, respectively. The experimental results showed that the assimilated model significantly improved the accuracy of yield prediction compared to the unassimilated model. In particular, the EnKF algorithm provided the highest accuracy in yield estimation with R2 of 0.82, 0.79 and RMSE of 1056 kg/ha and 1385 kg/ha when LAI alone and SM alone were assimilated, whereas 4D-Var performed the best when LAI and SM were jointly assimilated, with R2 as high as 0.88, and the RMSE reduced to 923 kg/ha. In addition, it was found that assimilating LAI outperformed assimilating SM when assimilating one variable, whereas joint assimilation of LAI and SM further enhanced the predictive performance beyond that of assimilating one variable alone. In summary, the present study demonstrated great potential to provide strong support for accurate prediction of pear yield by effectively integrating LAI and SM into crop growth models through data assimilation
Graft polymerization of vinyl acetate onto granular starch: Comparison on the potassium persulfate and ceric ammonium nitrate initiated system
No full textYeast metabolism in fresh and frozen dough : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Full text linkAuthor also known as SM LovedayFresh bakery products have a very short shelf life, which limits the extent to which manufacturing can be centralised. Frozen doughs are relatively stable and can be manufactured in large volumes, distributed and baked on-demand at the point of sale or consumption. With appropriate formulation and processing a shelf life of several months can be achieved.Shelf life is limited by a decline in proofing rate after thawing, which is attributed to a) the dough losing its ability to retain gas and b) insufficient gas production, i.e. yeast activity. The loss of shelf life is accelerated by delays between mixing and freezing, which allow yeast cells the chance to ferment carbohydrates.This work examined the reasons for insufficient gas production after thawing frozen dough and the effect of pre-freezing fermentation on shelf life. Literature data on yeast metabolite dynamics in fermenting dough were incomplete. In particular there were few data on the accumulation of ethanol, a major fermentation end product which can be injurious to yeast.Doughs were prepared in a domestic breadmaker using compressed yeast from a local manufacturer and analysed for glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and ethanol. Gas production after thawing declined within 48 hours of frozen storage. This was accelerated by 30 or 90 minutes of fermentation at 30;C prior to freezing.Sucrose was rapidly hydrolysed and yeast consumed glucose in preference to fructose. Maltose was not consumed while other sugars remained. Ethanol, accumulated from consumption of glucose and fructose, was produced in approximately equal amounts to CO2, indicating that yeast cells metabolised reductively.Glucose uptake in fermenting dough followed simple hyperbolic kinetics and fructose uptake was competitively inhibited by glucose. Mathematical modelling indicated that diffusion of sugars and ethanol in dough occurred quickly enough to eliminate solute gradients brought about by yeast metabolism
New business SIA „SM Viesu Nami” development plan.
No full textBakalaura darba izstrādes laikā autors dibina savu uzņēmumu SIA „SM Viesu Nami” un izstrādā uzņēmuma attīstības plānu, kā arī, lai nodrošinātu sekmīgu uzņēmējdarbību, tiek veikta konkrētās nozares uzņēmējdarbības vides analīze Latvijā. Šāda uzņēmuma dibināšanas ideja radās autora īpašumā esošas, bet vēl neizmantotas zemes efektīvai pielietošanai, kura atrodas ekskluzīvā un tūristiem pieprasītā Slīteres Nacionālā parka teritorijā vien metrus no jūras. Tā kā uzņēmuma atrašanās vieta būtu šī parka teritorijā gleznainā un klusā vietā, tad arī tūristiem piedāvājums liksies īpaši pievilcīgs. Lielākā problēma ar ko saskārās autors, ir spēja padarīt piedāvājumu pievilcīgu arī ziemas periodā. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir izstrādāt konkrētā uzņēmuma dibināšanas un attīstības plānu, kura pamatdarbība būs saistīta ar tūrisma veicināšanu Latvijas neskartajos lauku reģionos. Darba galvenie uzdevumi ir izstrādāt uzņēmuma stratēģiju, attīstības plānu, veikt konkurentu un nozares kopēju analīzi, kā arī veikt saimnieciskās darbības raksturojumu. Bakalaura darba ietvaros sekmīgi tika aplūkoti un aprakstīti visi galvenie faktori, kas nepieciešami, lai dibinātu un uzsāktu uzņēmuma veiksmīgu darbību.In this thesis author creates his own company SIA “SM Viesu Nami” and develops companys development plan, as well as, to ensure successful enterpreneurship, author develops business environemt analysis. Idea to create enterpreneurship occured because author owns a property that is not used efficiently. Property is located in exclusive and for tourists attractive Sliteres National park territory, that is located near Baltic sea. Companys location will be National parks most picturesque and quiet place, that will ensure offer for tourists much more attractive. Biggest problem for author was to ensure offer attractive for tourists in winter period. Thesis main goal is to create companys establishing and development plans, which main service is related with tourism in countryside regions. Thesis main tasks are to develop company’s strategy, development plan, analyze main competitors, company’s branch and business environment. During creation of thesis author successfully described all main factors that affects company’s establishment and successfull business growth
Converting SrI <sub>2</sub> :Eu <sup>2+</sup> into a near infrared scintillator by Sm <sup>2+</sup> co-doping
No full text The luminescence and scintillation properties of SrI 2 single crystals doped with 5% Eu 2+ and 0.05%, 0.2% and 0.5% Sm 2+ are evaluated. X-ray excited and photoluminescence measurements show energy transfer from excited Eu 2+ ions to Sm 2+ ions. At a concentration of 0.5% Sm 2+ , the luminescence consists almost entirely of 740 nm emission from Sm 2+ 5d-4f transitions. Co-doping SrI 2 :5% Eu 2+ with Sm 2+ provides a novel method to bypass the self-absorption problem encountered in large SrI 2 :Eu 2+ crystals and, at the same time, provides a unique near-infrared emitting scintillator with a light yield of approximately 40,000 photons/MeV. Accepted Author ManuscriptRST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and EnergyRST/Luminescence Material
'Laws 'Needefull in Later to be Abrogated': Intersex and the Sources of Christian Theology
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Palgrave Macmillan via the DOI in this record
Introduction: Troubling Bodies?
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Palgrave Macmillan via the DOI in this record
Sm@C-2v(3)-C-80: site-hopping motion of endohedral Sm atom and metal-induced effect on redox profile
No full textA new metallofullerene Sm@C-2v(3)-C-80 was synthesized and characterized. X-Ray analysis showed that the endohedral Sm atom undergoes a hopping motion between several off-center sites, even at low temperature. In addition, a comparative electrochemical study between Sm@C-2v(3)-C-80 and Yb@C-2v(3)-C-80 revealed their different redox potentials, suggesting a metal-induced effect on their redox profiles.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000310940500031&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Chemistry, MultidisciplinaryNanoscience & NanotechnologyMaterials Science, MultidisciplinaryPhysics, AppliedSCI(E)EIPubMed6ARTICLE216876-6879
Validation of MODIS and CYCLOPES LAI products using global field measurement data
No full textThe objective of this paper is to quantitatively validate the global MODIS and CYCLOPES leaf area index (LAI) products using a global LAI field measurement database created on the basis of a literature review and major validation campaigns. The MODIS LAI product suite, containing the Terra Collection 4 (C4), Terra Collection 5 (C5) and Terra. +. Aqua combined C5, was analyzed, with considerable attention paid to the quality control (QC) information. The CYCLOPES V3.1 LAI product was similarly analyzed with regard to the status map (SM) layer. In general, the MODIS LAI has improved consistently over all releases. MODIS C5 data retrieved with the main algorithm (QC < 64) and CYCLOPES data showed a similar range of uncertainties (1.0-1.2). Uncertainties for the best MODIS C5 (QC = 0) and CYCLOPES (SM = 0) estimates were around 0.9-1.1. The overall mean differences between the best MODIS C5 and CYCLOPES were within ± 0.10. The highest correspondence was obtained for woody biomes from the best MCD15 C5 data (RMSE = 0.80). Results indicate that the uncertainties in current LAI products (around ± 1.0) are still unable to meet the accuracy requirement of GCOS (± 0.5). Although there are limitations, we recommend MODIS C5 retrieved with the main algorithm (QC < 64) and CYCLOPES for the user community. This study demonstrates the necessity of exploring uncertainties related to the true and effective LAIs separately, and reveals the importance of referring to the quality assessment information. More field measurements are required for further studies, which should focus on under-sampled biome types and areas. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
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