6,722 research outputs found

    Variation in the sunlit and shaded leaf area indices (<i>LAI<sub>sl</sub></i> and <i>LAI<sub>sh</sub></i>) versus different <i>LAI</i>.

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    <p>The ratios of <i>LAI<sub>sl</sub></i> and <i>LAI<sub>sh</sub></i> to <i>LAI</i> (<i>Λ<sub>sl</sub></i> and <i>Λ<sub>sh</sub></i>) are also shown.</p

    Diurnal variations of (a) modeled irradiance, (b) leaf area index and (c) canopy stomatal conductance at leaf area index (<i>LAI</i>) = 5.0.

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    <p><i>Q<sub>o</sub></i> is the total irradiance above the canopy, <i>Q<sub>c</sub></i> is the irradiance absorbed by the entire canopy, and is separated into the irradiance absorbed by the sunlit leaves of the canopy (<i>Q<sub>sl</sub></i>) and irradiance absorbed by the shaded leaves of the canopy (<i>Q<sub>sh</sub></i>). <i>LAI<sub>sl</sub></i> and <i>LAI<sub>sh</sub></i> are the sunlit and shaded fractions of <i>LAI</i>, respectively. <i>G<sub>sc1</sub></i> and <i>G<sub>sc2</sub></i> are the canopy stomatal conductance calculated by the big-leaf and dual-leaf models, respectively; <i>G<sub>sc2</sub></i> is separated into the sunlit and shaded canopy stomatal resistance, <i>G<sub>sl</sub></i> and <i>G<sub>sh</sub></i>, respectively.</p

    CR1 Knops blood group alleles are not associated with severe malaria in the Gambia

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    The Knops blood group antigen erythrocyte polymorphisms have been associated with reduced falciparum malaria-based in vitro rosette formation (putative malaria virulence factor). Having previously identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) gene underlying the Knops antithetical antigens Sl1/Sl2 and McC(a)/McC(b), we have now performed genotype comparisons to test associations between these two molecular variants and severe malaria in West African children living in the Gambia. While SNPs associated with Sl:2 and McC(b+) were equally distributed among malaria-infected children with severe malaria and control children not infected with malaria parasites, high allele frequencies for Sl 2 (0.800, 1,365/1,706) and McC(b) (0.385, 658/1706) were observed. Further, when compared to the Sl 1/McC(a) allele observed in all populations, the African Sl 2/McC(b) allele appears to have evolved as a result of positive selection (modified Nei-Gojobori test Ka-Ks/s.e.=1.77, P-valu
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