43 research outputs found
Diverging experiences of work and social networks abroad: Highly-skilled British migrants in Singapore, Vancouver and Boston.
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Routledge via the link in this record.This chapter analyses the work and social networks of British migrants working in Singapore, Vancouver and Boston. We show that their experiences of working and networking with other migrants varied markedly, despite the fact that they had similar education, professional and social backgrounds. This is important because when priorities of work and socialization abroad are not uniform, institutional approaches to engaging with these groups needs to be tailored to their needs. We provide insights into how governments and organizations may more effectively attract, retain and engage with highly-skilled migrants
The Proximate Phonological Unit of Chinese-English Bilinguals: Proficiency Matters
No full textAn essential step to create phonology according to the language production model by Levelt, Roelofs and Meyer is to assemble phonemes into a metrical frame. However, recently, it has been proposed that different languages may rely on different grain sizes of phonological units to construct phonology. For instance, it has been proposed that, instead of phonemes, Mandarin Chinese uses syllables and Japanese uses moras to fill the metrical frame. In this study, we used a masked priming-naming task to investigate how bilinguals assemble their phonology for each language when the two languages differ in grain size. Highly proficient Mandarin Chinese-English bilinguals showed a significant masked onset priming effect in English (L2), and a significant masked syllabic priming effect in Mandarin Chinese (L1). These results suggest that their proximate unit is phonemic in L2 (English), and that bilinguals may use different phonological units depending on the language that is being processed. Additionally, under some conditions, a significant sub-syllabic priming effect was observed even in Mandarin Chinese, which indicates that L2 phonology exerts influences on L1 target processing as a consequence of having a good command of English
Masked Syllable Priming Effects in Word and Picture Naming in Chinese
No full textFour experiments investigated the role of the syllable in Chinese spoken word production. Chen, Chen and Ferrand (2003) reported a syllable priming effect when primes and targets shared the first syllable using a masked priming paradigm in Chinese. Our Experiment 1 was a direct replication of Chen et al.'s (2003) Experiment 3 employing CV (e. g., /ba2.ying2/, strike camp) and CVG (e. g., /bai2.shou3/, white haired) syllable types. Experiment 2 tested the syllable priming effect using different syllable types: e. g., CV (/qi4.qiu2/, balloon) and CVN (/qing1.ting2/, dragonfly). Experiment 3 investigated this issue further using line drawings of common objects as targets that were preceded either by a CV (e. g., /qi3/, attempt), or a CVN (e. g., /qing2/, affection) prime. Experiment 4 further examined the priming effect by a comparison between CV or CVN priming and an unrelated priming condition using CV-NX (e. g., /mi2.ni3/, mini) and CVN-CX (e. g., /min2.ju1/, dwellings) as target words. These four experiments consistently found that CV targets were named faster when preceded by CV primes than when they were preceded by CVG, CVN or unrelated primes, whereas CVG or CVN targets showed the reverse pattern. These results indicate that the priming effect critically depends on the match between the structure of the prime and that of the first syllable of the target. The effect obtained in this study was consistent across different stimuli and different tasks (word and picture naming), and provides more conclusive and consistent data regarding the role of the syllable in Chinese speech production
Effects of Orthography on Speech Production in Chinese
No full textThe potential role of orthographic representations on spoken word production was investigated with speakers of Chinese, a non-alphabetic and orthographically non-transparent language. Using the response generation procedure, we obtained the well-known facilitation from word-initial phonological overlap, but this effect was unaffected by whether or not responses shared the initial character. In a study which manipulated the visual similarity of the word-initial character, a significant inhibitory effect of orthography was found. However, this effect disappeared when prompt stimuli were presented auditorily, suggesting that the orthographic effect might be attributable to the memorization stage of the response generation task, rather than reflecting processes genuine to speaking. By contrast, a reliable orthographic effect was found in an oral reading task, suggesting that orthography plays a role only when it is relevant to the word production task. Furthermore, the present findings show that the orthographic effect is tied to the correspondence between orthography and phonology of a language when orthography is relevant to the task used
The temporal and spatial features of segmental and suprasegmental encoding during implicit picture naming: An event-related potential study
No full textThis study investigated the temporal and spatial features of segmental and suprasegmental encoding within a syllable in Chinese speech production using an internal monitoring task. Native Chinese speakers viewed a series of pictures and made go/nogo decisions along dimensions of initial consonant, central vowel, or tone information of picture names. Behavioral data and the N200 indicated that initial consonant information is available about 20-80 ms earlier than central vowel or tone information, whereas vowel and tone occur concurrently within a syllable during implicit picture naming. Moreover, source analyses (using sLORETA) indicated that initial consonant, tone and vowel encoding all resulted in predominantly left hemispheric but relatively dissociative neural brain activation. These findings indicated that segmental (consonants and vowels) and suprasegmental (tones) encoding proceeds in an incremental manner, and both run in parallel and independently in speech production in agreement with WEAVER++. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
A hybrid genetic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with three-dimensional loading constraints
No full textThis paper addresses a Three-Dimensional Loading Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (3L-CVRP) which combines a three-dimensional loading problem and vehicle routing problem in distribution logistics. The problem requires the combinatorial optimization of a feasible loading solution and a successive routing of vehicles to satisfy client demands, where all vehicles must start and terminate at a central depot. In spite of its clear practical significance in the real world of distribution management, 3L-CVRP in literature is very limited for its high combinatorial complexity. We solve this problem by a hybrid approach which combines Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search (GATS). Genetic algorithm is developed for vehicle routing and tabu search for three-dimensional loading, while these two algorithms are integrated for the combinatorial problem. We computationally evaluate this hybrid genetic algorithm on all publicly available test instances, and obtain new best solutions for several instances.Operations Research & Management ScienceSCI(E)EI1ARTICLE163-824
Dong Qing Fang’s Musical Depiction of Lin Chong: An Analysis of Chinese Traditional Music Elements in His Cello Composition of 2009
No full textDong Qing Fang (b. 1981) is a prolific composer of cello music. His contribution includes twenty compositions, many of which have been performed around the world.[1] While Fang is the most famous composer in China as well as a leading figure of recent music, his compositions have not been recognized world-wide. This project focuses on his representative cello composition Lin Chong (2009). Lin Chong is a significant character in Chinese literature, known for his role in the classic novel, Water Margin (1524). Fang\u27s musical portrayal of Lin Chong\u27s life incorporates elements of Chinese traditional music.
The methodology for this research comprises interviews with Dong Qing Fang, related literature reviews, analysis of Lin Chong, and a review of published articles about Lin Chong by two authors.[2] The interview with Fang provides valuable insights into his composition process, inspiration, and goals. Reviewing literature related to Lin Chong will assist in recognizing the concepts Fang has employed. This research contains a detailed analysis of Fang\u27s composition, including the background, musical interpretation, compositional techniques, and Chinese traditional music elements. Lastly, the two published articles about Lin Chong by Di and Guan provide additional insights into his work and may help identify new exploration, thereby offering different perspectives on this project.
The research aims to introduce Lin Chongto a broader cello community. This valuable addition to a performers’ repertoire collection provides an opportunity to gain exposure to Chinese literature. Furthermore, the importance of promoting works from underrepresented composers cannot be overstated. By recognizing and performing Fang\u27s compositions, the author hopes to inspire others to explore lesser-known works and composers from various backgrounds. This project aspires to contribute to a more diverse music community that celebrates and promotes all musicians.
[1]Dong, Qingfang. “Chinese composer and photographer – Dong, Qingfang.” Baidu Baike. Accessed May 26, 2023. https://baike.baidu.com/link?url=Pyron6lo9G8nBoYaX4n8LkYXGf9SiddrxCh60RmukFCar5pZ 5y8sfHBg-Y18FdExwzK4o44mvz436VAHaXEMn1Z5xismDlrqCVRzO2gn-A-qmE-k-dG9jWB10uBQXii O.
[2] Di, “The Analysis of Music and Performance of Fang Dongqing’s cello Lin Chong.” 5-15. Ibid., “Cong Fang Dongqing datiqin zuopin tan zhongguo dangdai datiqin datiqin zuopin De fazhan,” [The Development of Chinese Contemporary Cello Works from the Works of Fang Ddongqing], 183-185
Responses of soil respiration to land use conversions in degraded ecosystem of the semi-arid Loess Plateau
No full textThe Impact of Supervisor Support on Preschool Teachers’ Resignation Intention in Guangzhou, China: The Mediating Role of Occupational Stress
No full textThe issue of occupational stress among early childhood teachers has become an international research issue, support from supervisors maybe an important factor influencing teachers' professional stress and resignation intensions. To analyze the impact of supervisor support on the kindergarten teachers' resignation intention and to explore the mediating role of occupational stress in the relationship between leader support and the resignation intention of kindergarten teachers, the author selected 326 kindergarten teachers from 33 kindergartens in Guangzhou as the respondents of the survey and used the Occupational Stress Questionnaire, the Resignation Tendency Questionnaire and the Supervisor Support Questionnaire to conduct the survey. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between teachers’ perception of supervisor support and occupational stress was -0.363, p=0.000<0.05, and the correlation coefficient between the perception of supervisor support and resignation intention was -0.476, p=0.000<0.05, both of which were significantly correlated, but the correlation coefficient between occupational stress and resignation intention was 0.074, p=0.180>0.05, which was not significantly correlated. Occupational stress partially mediated the relationship between supervisor support and resignation intention. Although the results of the study showed that there was no significant correlation between occupational stress and the resignation intension, the sense of supervisor support of early childhood teachers was significantly and negatively related to occupational stress and resignation intension, indicating that occupational stress is not a key factor causing employees to quit their jobs, and decision makers consider the influence brought by interpersonal relationships and colleague support in kindergarten management activities to reduce teachers' occupational stress resignation intension by increasing the level of supervisor support
