62 research outputs found

    Functionalized Fiber End Superstructure Fiber Bragg Grating Refractive Index Sensor for Heavy Metal Ion Detection

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    We present a novel superstructure fiber Bragg grating fiber end sensor capable of detecting variations in refractive index (RI) of liquids and potentially that of gases, and demonstrated an application in the detection of heavy metal ions in water. The sensor is capable of sensing RI variations in the range of 1.333 to 1.470 with good sensitivity of up to 230 dB/RIU achieved for the RI range of 1.370 to 1.390. The sensor is capable of simultaneously measuring variations in ambient temperature along with RI. A simple chemical coating was employed as a chelating agent for heavy metal ion detection at the fiber end to demonstrate an possible application of the sensor. The coated fiber sensor can conclusively detect the presence of heavy metal ions with concentrations upwards of 100 ppm. RI sensing capability of the sensor is neither affected by temperature nor strain and is both robust and easily reproducible

    Strategic Capacity Planning Process for Intercity Passenger Rail

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    The demand for railway transportation is expected to be significantly increased worldwide; hence railway agencies are looking for better tools to allocate their capital investments on capacity planning in the best possible way. We presented a capacity planning process to help planners enumerate possible expansion options and determine the optimal network investment plan to meet the future demand. This process was applied to the conventional railway system in Taiwan to demonstrate its potential use. Using this capacity planning process will help railway agencies maximize their return from capacity expansion projects and thus be better able to provide reliable service to their customers, and return on shareholder investment.</jats:p

    Railway Capacity Model and Decision Support Process for Strategic Capacity Planning

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    The demand for railway transportation is expected to increase significantly worldwide and railway agencies are looking for better tools to allocate their capital investments in capacity planning in the best possible way. A capacity model has been developed to evaluate the network capacity of a conventional railway system with predominantly passenger trains. A capacity planning process is presented to help planners enumerate possible expansion options and to determine the optimal network investment plan for meeting future demand. Use of this capacity evaluation tool and capacity planning process will help railway agencies provide satisfactory service to their customers and pleasing returns on shareholder investments
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