4,159 research outputs found
Reclamation of Sodic-Saline Soils. Barley Crop Response
No full textThe research was aimed at assessing the salinity and sodicity effects of two soil types submitted to correction on barley crop. The two soils, contained in cylindrical pots (0.40 m in size and 0.60 m h) supplied with a bottom valve for the collection of drainage water and located under shed to prevent the leaching action of rainfall, were clay-textured and saline and sodic-saline at barley seeding, as they had been cultivated for 4 consecutive years with different herbaceous species irrigated with 9 types of brackish water. In 2002-2003 the 2 salinized and sodium-affected soils (ECe and ESP ranging respectively from 5.84-20.27 dSm-1 to 2.83-11.19%), submitted to correction, were cultivated with barley cv Micuccio, and irrigated with fresh water (ECw = 0.5 dS m-1 and SAR = 0.45) whenever 30% of the maximum soil available moisture was lost by evapotranspiration. Barley was shown to be a salt-tolerant species and did not experience any salt stress when grown in soils with an initial ECe up to 11 dS m-1. When it was grown in more saline soils (initial ECe of about 20 dS m-1), despite the correction, it showed a reduction in shoot biomass and kernel yield by 26% and 36% respectively, as compared to less saline soils
Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Rates on Yield and Quality on Durum Wheat in a Two-year Rotation
No full textWithin the environmental impact reduction perspective, this work was aimed at assessing for durum wheat, grown within two crop rotations, the minimum allowable value of fertilising formulae to obtain adequate crop yields and quality for the operators of the whole production chain. Six fertilising formulae N1 P1 K1, N1 P2 K1, N2 P1 K1, N2 P2 K1, N3 P1 K1, N3 P2 K1, obtained from the factorial combination of 3 nitrogen levels (N = 50-100-150 kg ha-1) and 2 phosphorus rates (P2O5 = 50-100 kg ha-1) were compared against an unfertilised control N0P0K0. The potassium rate was the same for all fertilising formulae (K2O = 100 kg ha-1). The treatments were studied within a comparative trial between 2 two-year rotations: potato - wheat + bean (A1) and potato + purslane - wheat + bean (A2) aimed at testing the purslane potential and its ability to use the available residual nitrogen after potato cropping to reduce deep percolation losses. The best yield results were observed for wheat in the rotation that did not include purslane after potato (A1). In agreement with the literature, the nitrogen fertilisation had a positive effect on wheat grain yield also in the same cropping season as a consequence of a diversified action on the major yield components. The highest grain yields were observed in both rotations at the rate of 150 kg ha-1 of N, without any change with the rates of P. The protein content, which is higher in rotation A1, shows in both rotations the lowest value in the unfertilised control and improves with the increase in fertilisation, reaching the highest value (about 6% more) with the rate N3. No significant difference was observed between the rates N1 and N2; this would suggest a lower efficiency of the latter, at least for protein accumulation. A similar trend was observed in the gluten content that does not show any significant difference between N0 and N1, whereas it shows increases significantly different with the two higher rates. The inclusion of purslane that could use the residual nitrogen after potato crop so as to reduce deep percolation losses seems to induce a significant reduction of all yield parameters of wheat crop. As to the effect of nitrogen fertilisation, an application of 100 kg ha-1 is shown to produce a satisfactory yield response, but higher inputs of N (150 kg ha-1) are necessary to achieve good quality standards, at least in terms of protein and gluten content. As regards phosphorus fertilisation, the application of 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5 is shown to produce a satisfactory response
Irrigazione con acque salino sodiche. Effetti sulla produzione e composizione acidica degli acheni di girasole (helianthus annuus.)
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Spargimento di sanse umide olearie come ammendante. Effetti su coltura di frumento. Convegno SIA
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Irrigation with saline-sodic water: effects on two clay soils
No full textThe results of a 4-year experiment aimed at evaluating the effect of irrigation with saline-sodic water on the soil are reported. The research was carried out at the Campus of the Agricultural Faculty of Bari University (Italy) on 2 clay soils (Bologna – T1 and Locorotondo – T2). The soils were cropped to borlotto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), wheat (Triticum durum Desf) grown in succession; the crops were irrigated with 9 saline-sodic types of water and subjected to two different leaching fractions (10% and 20% of the watering volume). The 9 solutions were obtained dissolving in de-ionised water weighted amounts of sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2), deriving from the combination of 3 saline concentrations and 3 sodicity levels. The crops were irrigated whenever the water lost by evapotranspiration from the soil contained in the pots was equal to 30% of the soil maximum available water. The results showed that, though the soils were leached during the watering period, they showed a high salt accumulation. Consequently, the saturated soil extract electrical conductivity increased from initial values of 0.65 and 0.68 dS m-1 to 11.24 and 13.61 dS m-1 at the end of the experiment, for the soils T1 and T2, respectively. The saline concentration increase in irrigation water caused in both soils a progressive increase in exchangeable sodium, and a decrease in exchangeable calcium and non-significant variations in exchangeable potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg)
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