1,721,074 research outputs found
Time for Blood: The Effect of Paid Leave Legislation on Altruistic Behavior
No full textOrganizations and public agencies that promote pro-social activities constantly struggle to attract and encourage more contributions. In this article, we study the effects of an explicit reward in the context of blood donation. Specifically, we analyze the effects of a legislative provision that grants a one-day paid leave of absence to blood donors who are employees in Italy, using a unique data set with the complete donation histories of the blood donors in an Italian town. The across-donor variation in employment status, and within-donor changes over time are the sources of variation that we employ to study whether the paid-day-off incentive affects the frequency of their donations. Our analysis indicates that the day-off privilege leads donors who are employees to make, on average, one extra donation per year, which represents an increase of around 40%. We also find that the provision has persistent effects, with donors maintaining higher donation frequencies even when they cease to be eligible for the incentive. We discuss the implications of our findings for policies aimed at reducing the shortages in the supply of blood and, more generally, for organizations that try to motivate voluntary contributors
Formal and Informal Academic Entrepreneurship
No full textResearch and public policy on academic entrepreneurship in the United States is based on the assumption that the entrepreneurial activity of U.S. academics is accurately represented by efforts of faculty to commercialize inventions that they have disclosed to university administrators and that, in most cases, have been patented. In this paper, we analyze a sample of 11,572 university professors, representative of the entire population of academics affiliated to Carnegie I and II United States universities, and we find that a large part of the academic entrepreneurship activities occur outside the IP-system. In particular, a large proportion of businesses started by academics (about 2/3) are not based on disclosed and patented inventions. Moreover, we show that individual characteristics, departmental and organizational affiliation, as well as working time allocation, of academics starting business outside the IP-system are systematically different from those who have started businesses on disclosed and patented inventions. These findings have implications for research on academic entrepreneurship, as well as technology transfer policies
Il razionamento proteico del cavallo
No full textConfronto del razionamento proteico in 27 allevamenti di cavalli sportivi secondo il sistema delle proteine digeribili (Pd) e delle proteine digeribili cavallo (Pdc
Sticky price for declining risk? Business strategies with “behavioral” customers in the hotel industry
No full textUsing data from about 25 million hotel room postings in four countries, we document that rather than decreasing to zero as the likelihood of cancellation declines, the difference between the prices for refundable and nonrefundable reservations remains positive at roughly 10%–15% of the full price. A model where travelers have different willingness to pay and some of them overestimate the probability to cancel their trip explains these price-setting patterns more consistently than alternative interpretations. We denote these business strategies as naiveté-based price discrimination. Our data and theory, therefore, show that this form of apparent inertial behavior of companies regarding a major strategic variable can be an intentional managerial choice. We demonstrate, finally, that this profit-enhancing commitment to limited flexibility may also benefit customers in some cases, by expanding the reach of the market. Thus, strategies that rely on cognitive biases on the demand side may not necessarily exploit consumers
Research on university research commercialization: approaches, methodologies, and data sources, Professional Development Workshop at Academy of Management Meeting, Montreal, Canada
No full textOver the past thirty years, the attention toward the commercialization of knowledge developed within universities has increased dramatically. Universities are a prototype for knowledge-intensive organizations and as such they provide lines of discovery and analysis that help scholars understand broader research commercialization dynamics, including open innovation, organizational change and individual entrepreneurial behavior. Yet researchers also face challenges that are specific to this type of organization. This workshop aims to continue the rich discussion from the 2007 and 2008 AOM Annual Meetings. Our aim in this year’s session is to provide the opportunity for participants to learn about approaches, data sources and methods available for the study of universities. Approaches, data and methods used by researchers in this field vary widely. We therefore see this PDW as providing a one-stop-shop for both early career and more experienced faculty researchers to gain an overview on recent developments and future challenges in this area
The economics of scientific misconduct
Full text linkThis article presents a model of the research and publication
process that analyzes why scientists commit fraud and how fraud can be detected and prevented. In the model, authors are asymmetrically informed about the success of their projects and can fraudulently manipulate their results. We show, first, that the types of scientific frauds that are observed are unlikely to be representative of the overall amount of malfeasance; also, star scientists are more likely to misbehave but less likely to be caught than average scientists. Second, a reduction in fraud verification costs may not lead to a reduction of misconduct episodes but rather to a change in the type of research that is performed. Third, a strong “publish or perish” pressure may reduce, and not increase, scientific misconduct because it motivates more scrutiny. Finally, a more active role of editors in checking for misconduct does not always provide additional deterrence
Short communication: Effect of heat stress on nonreturn rate of Italian Holstein cows
No full textThe data set consisted of 1,016,856 inseminations of 191,012 first, second, and third parity Holstein cows from 484 farms. Data were collected from year 2001 through 2007 and included meteorological data from 35 weather stations. Nonreturn rate at 56 d after first insemination (NR56) was considered. A logit model was used to estimate the effect of temperature-humidity index (THI) on reproduction across parities. Then, least squares means were used to detect the THI breakpoints using a 2-phase linear regression procedure. Finally, a multiple-trait threshold model was used to estimate variance components for NR56 in first and second parity cows. A dummy regression variable (t) was used to estimate NR56 decline due to heat stress. The NR56, both for first and second parity cows, was significantly (unfavorable) affected by THI from 4 d before 5 d after the insemination date. Additive genetic variances for NR56 increased from first to second parity both for general and heat stress effect. Genetic correlations between general and heat stress effects were -0.31 for first parity and -0.45 for second parity cows
Prove di alimentazione nel suino con l'impiego di un pellettante minerale
No full textValutazione degli incrementi ponderali, dell'indice di conversione, resa, NH3 fecale in suini alimentati, nell'ultimo periodo del ciclo, con tre pellettati contenenti l'1,5%, il 3% ed il &% di un legant
Razionamento minerale nel cavallo. Aspetti applicativi
No full textCaratteristiche nutrizionali e tecnologiche di 21 campioni di mangime pellettato per conigli. Sono state riscontrate differenze significative riguardo la durezza, la friabilità, il contenuto in fibra grezza ed in proteine digeribili, nonchè il rapporto energia digeribile/proteine digeribil
Expectations, reference points, and compliance with Covid-19 social distancing measures
No full textWe study the behavioral impact of announcements about the duration of a policy and their relationship with people's expectations in the context of the COVID-19 lockdowns. We surveyed representative samples of Italian residents at three moments of the first wave of the pandemic to test how intentions to comply with social-isolation measures depend on the duration of their possible extension. Individuals were more likely to reduce, and less likely to increase, their compliance effort if the hypothetical extension was longer than they expected, whereas positive surprises had a lesser impact. The behavioral response to the (mis)match between expected versus hypothesized extensions is consistent with expectations acting as reference points and can help explain the increase in observed physical proximity in Italy following lockdown extension announcements. Our findings suggest that public authorities should consider citizens’ expectations when announcing policy changes
- …
