1,721,465 research outputs found
Counting the cost of agricultural support on nature, climate, nutrition, health and equity
No full textKEY MESSAGES Global support to farmers is projected to reach almost USD 1.8 trillion in 2030. About 73 percent of this (USD 1.3 trillion) will be in the form of border measures, which affect trade and domestic market prices. The remaining 27 percent (USD 475 billion) will be in the form of fiscal subsidies to agricultural producers. Agricultural support that is harmful to nature, climate, nutrition and health should be removed or reduced. But to ensure a beneficial outcome overall, any fiscal savings should be repurposed towards agricultural support that is healthier, more sustainable and equitable, while also minimizing any potential trade-offs from the elimination of specific kinds of agricultural support. A scenario whereby all global agricultural support were to be removed by 2030, without being repurposed, would result in a 1.3 percent decrease in crop production and a 0.2 percent decrease in livestock production. Global farm employment would fall by 1.3 percent, and further still by 2.7 percent in emerging economies (BRIC countries). Eliminating border measures alone would increase crop and livestock production. However, this would also result in a shift towards more confined feeding operations, with less deforestation and land conversion for pasture, and an associated drop in global GHG emissions of 55.7 million tonnes CO2 e by 2030. The impact on healthy diets is mixed, while the number of people undernourished would drop by 0.2 percentage points. Removing fiscal subsidies alone would reduce global agricultural production and result in less use of inputs and land (cropland and pasture), helping to preserve nature and cutting emissions by an estimated 11.3 million tonnes CO2 e by 2030. However, this would likely increase diet costs and hurt farm incomes for consumers in developed and developing countries, especially female-headed households and poorer households dependent on subsidies. Because agricultural support is often based on production or inputs, such as area planted or number of livestock, support is unevenly distributed across the agriculture sector, with large farms being the major beneficiaries. When repurposing and reforming agricultural support, policymakers should ensure greater equity and access for all producers.PRIFPRI5; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural EconomiesMTI
The road to the WTO twelfth Ministerial Conference: A Latin American and Caribbean perspective
No full textThe context in which international food trade takes place has changed considerably since the last Ministerial Conference (MC11) in 2017. Significant progress has not been achieved in many import-ant issues that are still pending on the organization’s agenda. Moreover, geopolitical changes and the Covid-19 pandemic have drastically impacted the institutional priorities of countries and the WTO it-self. The global economy has substantially deteriorated over the past two years, with structural impacts in the areas of trade and food security, particularly for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The multilateral trading system and its main organization, the WTO, have come under attack and are being discredited. The possibility of advancing towards coordinated solutions to major global issues through multilateral cooperation seems unlikely.Countries have adopted a wide range of strategic decisions to respond to the effects of this situation on international trade and agriculture. Many have revised their trade policies to adjust them to different scenarios with respect to food security and agricultural trade flows. The surge in commodity prices and a fear of food shortages have led some governments to apply restrictive measures that limit or tax agricultural exports. Other measures adopted include direct market interventions through public stock holdings, special safeguard mechanisms, and state trading enterprises. The adoption of these measures has triggered new debates on their effectiveness in reducing food insecurity and propelling the development of fair and transparent food markets.Regulations such as sustainability standards, access restrictions or domestic support measures must be transparent and aligned with WTO principles to avoid discretionary applications and discrimina-tory practices. Information transparency is key to access and develop new markets, especially under growing environmental scrutiny. Effective market access is crucial, not only for the development of agro-exporting countries (which prioritize this issue on their development agendas) but also for importing countries, as a means of guaranteeing food security and connecting main suppliers with buyers in regions facing food shortages.The WTO dispute settlement mechanism has become a strategic asset for developing countries, enabling them to continue expanding their agricultural exports and strengthening their position in the market. However, the current state of paralysis of the WTO Appellate Body has recently affected the institution’s effectiveness in regulating and arbitrating conflicts in the area of food trade relations. Most importantly, the growth strategy of Latin American countries depends on the WTO and the legal order that it enforces; therefore, actively contributing to its modernization and prioritizing its success as part of their trade and foreign policies is of crucial importance.Executive Summary
Introduction
Measures taken in the context of the Covid-19 and discussed at the WTO Committee on Agriculture
Topics discussed at the WTO agricultural committee going into the MC12
New disciplines for domestic support
Restrictions and export duties: a pending issue
Market access
Public Stockholdings, Special Safeguard Mechanism and State Trading Enterprises: What’s food security got to do with them?
Other topics relevant for Agriculture and the WTO
Promoting Transparency on Agricultural Policies at the WTO: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean
Impacts of agricultural producer support on climate and nutrition outcomes with special emphasis on Latin America and the Caribbean
Harmonization of sustainability standards under the WTO framework as the core to create an intersection of trade and environment mutually supportive
Plurilateral agreements under the WTO
Food Products, the WTO Dispute Settlement System and Trade Remedies
WTO Dispute Settlement Cases Involving Latin American countries and the Agreement on Agriculture, 1995-2019
MIRAGRODEP, an analytical model adapted to economic and trade reforms
Some thoughts and proposals for a way forwardNon-PRIFPRI2; CRP2; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 5 Strengthening Institutions and GovernanceLAC; MTID; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
What 17 years of Antoine Bouët’s research could tell on the Food Security and Trade debate?
No full textDavid Laborde POLICY SEMINAR Globalization and food security: What could 20 years of IFPRI research teach us? OCT 12, 2022 - 11:00AM TO 12:30PM ED
Evolution of food and feed trade restrictions during in 2022
No full textDavid Laborde IFPRI-AMIS SEMINAR SERIES Ukraine One Year Later: the impact of the war on agricultural markets and food security Co-organized by IFPRI and Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) MAR 8, 2023 - 9:00 TO 10:30AM ES
Knowledge as a First Step Towards Less Volatile Markets
No full text"Knowledge as a First Step Towards Less Volatile Markets" presentation by David Laborde at Launch of IFPRI Office for West and Central Africa on 17 May 201
Country exposure to the current crisis and trade policy restrictions
No full textDavid Laborde POLICY SEMINAR Fertilizer Availability and Affordability: Implications for agricultural productivity and food security MAY 4, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:30AM ED
Monitoring agricultural production and stocks
No full textVizualization based on USDA-PSD dataset by David Laborde (IFPRI). Support for this work was provided by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets
Assessing the role of international trade in food security and nutrition: Where we are, where we have been
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