80 research outputs found
Vehicle-Wheel.
No full textPatent for certain new and useful improvements in the construction of wheels for vehicles, including instructions and illustrations
The background and development of 'Evangelical Catholicism' and its expression in the ministry of William Augustus Muhlenberg
No full textWilliam Augustus Muhlenberg (1796-1877) is considered by many
historians of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America
to have been its most significant leader of the nineteenth century.
During the course of his ministry Muhlenberg expressed an understanding of the Christian faith which he called 'Evangelical Catholicism',
the many expressions of which provided the basis for reforms and
innovations affecting every aspect of the Church's life. Although
many studies have been made of the many aspects of Muhlenberg's evangelical Catholicism they have overlooked a valuable resource in the
background and development of this ideal. This research traces the
origins of Muhlenberg's evangelical Catholicism to this primary source
by examining the various expressions of Muhlenberg's ideal in the
areas of Christian ethics, Church History, Christian Worship, Church
Unity and Biblical Studies. The result of this study has been the
discovery of the origins of Muhlenberg's ideal in the canonically
prescribed theological curriculum known as the 'Course of Ecclesiastical Studies of 1804', or more commonly, the 'Bishops' List'.
The method involved in tracing the background and development of
evangelical Catholicism has been to examine Muhlenberg's innovations
and reforms in the light of the works he read in preparation for
ordination as well as to consider the influence upon him of contemporary movements in nineteenth, century Anglicanism. This research shows
that evangelical Catholicism is expressed by Muhlenberg as a synthesis
of the authors included within the highly eclectic, comprehensive,
and often contradictory, 'Bishops' List', thus identifying the primary
sources of Muhlenberg's concept of evangelical Catholicism and establishing a valuable means for the examination of the ideas which
influenced William Augustus Muhlenberg and have had an enduring effect
upon the Episcopal Church in the United States of America
Recommended from our members
Oriental enlightenment: the problematic military experiences and cultural claims of Count Maurice Auguste comte de Benyowsky in Formosa during 1771
No full textMaurice Benyowsky's colourful version of his global adventures during the heady, expansive days of the late-Enlightenment remains still as an historical account, and is perhaps destined for reification at a time of romantic, postmodernist cultural affirmation. Yet this paper argues that within it there lies a virile and possibly dangerous Orientalism, one at least partially based upon a lurid, opportunistic and self-seeking fabrication of his visit to Taiwan (Formosa) in the year 1771. This paper examines the veracity, provenance and historiography of the Benyowsky account of late-eighteenth century Formosa, both as an exercise in one facet of Taiwanese history and as some exploration of the origin and maintenance of European views of the "other" and of the "orient" as they were transforming during the late-Enlightenment period. Furthermore a principal task is to provide an historiographical analysis that illustrates both the initial reasons for the acceptance of Benyowsky's lurid account as well as the wider contexts of its long life as a seemingly reliable and authentic tale. Questions remain as to the cultural contexts of any general acceptance of otherwise doubtful stories, experiments, claims and "adventures". Here there is little doubt that the original Memoirs were given greater credence by Benyowsky's talent in self-fashioning his character and status as those of a reliable gentleman
Prince Joseph Poniatowski in Kazimierz Bartoszewicz’ works
No full textKazimierz Bartoszewicz (1852–1930), writer and historian, living in Krakow, Galicia, in his journalistic works dealt with the popularization of the history of the Polish nation. He was highly regarded by readers of participated Poland journalist and social activist. Among his articles were texts on the life and work of Joseph Poniatowski. Most works on nephew of Stanislaus Augustus wrote in 1913, that is, on the centenary of the death of Prince at the Battle of Nations at Leipzig, including the same in the nationwide celebration of this event. Under the influence of nineteenthcentury legend surrounding the figure of Prince Joseph, he was trying newly built national hero myth of Joseph Poniatowski. Like other writers and historians, especially in Galicia, in Bartoszewicz’ works, prince was not only an excellent leader and commander, full of youthful charm favorite ladies, but first and foremost a defender of honor of the Polish nation, faithful to the idea and the nation. These features, highlighted many times in press releases, literature, and finally backed up prior to the work of historians (especially in the biography of the Duke, author Simon Askenazy) made of Joseph Poniatowski figure worthy of inclusion in the pantheon of national heroes, particularly during the period when the Polish people again began to loudly talk about independence, and when he began to develop in Galicia Polish paramilitary movement, the members of the Prince Joseph was the best model
The liturgical vision of Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to argue that Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812-1852) was a liturgist who had a liturgical vision. He is commonly regarded as an architect and designer per se, but many believe he had eccentric ideas, was a fanatic for the Gothic style of architecture and that while he was religious, he had little impact on the religious controversy and events of his time. The thesis will bring forward a different picture of him. The reasons put forward to support the claim that he was a liturgist are that he had a particularly definition of liturgy; he studied liturgy for three years; he employed a particular method of writing, which was commonly used by past liturgists; many of his authorities were liturgists and historians, as well as architects and designers, and his sources related to liturgy. Pugin went from attacking Protestants, to defending his views against Roman Catholics. To argue for his views, Pugin employed a particular methodology, which included a vast number of authorities and sources. He offered to England an alternative setting of the Roman rite. The new converts who had seceded from the Church of England to the Church of Rome, including John Henry Newman and his circle, did not support him and this led to a major conflict. Their different views of liturgy became a matter of judgement for the Roman Catholic Church. Pugin was influenced by Continental, particularly French, Roman Catholic scholars and liturgists. The influence of the leader of the liberal Catholics in France, Charles-Forbes-Rene, Count de Montalembert, is also brought to light. The thesis will argue that Pugin sought to implement his views on liturgy in England and had a vision of a future England that could act as an example to the rest of Catholic Christendom, including the Church of Rome. He initially had a measure of success, but finally failed and bowed to the judgement of the Roman Catholic Church
J.C. Bach's London keyboard sonatas : style and context
No full textJ. C. Bach's keyboard works include several sets of accompanied sonatas, a genre that enjoyed a wide popularity during the Classical era, but never
found its way into the concert repertoire. The accompanied sonata was a genre meant for domestic performance; the solo keyboard sonata, on
the other hand, was adopted in due course by concert audiences. J. C. Bach composed works within both genres during most of his productive years, and his output constitutes a corpus of remarkable consistency. J. C. Bach's removal to London in 1762 coincided with his clear adoption of a galant style, marked by the Italianate influence, and the abandonment of most Baroque traits. The British milieu provided additional factors: the rise of the pianoforte, a thriving music-publishing market, and a great interest in domestic music making among the affluent classes. These factors marked J. C. Bach's output at various levels. Keyboard works had to conform to the proficiency of the amateur performer, a
fact reflected in the accompanied output mostly. The number of movements, their length, and the inclusion of particular technical devices are readily observable differences between the two genres. The most remarkable
distinction lies perhaps in the preference for binary sonata format in the accompanied. sonatas from the mid 1760s to the 1770s, in spite of a later tendency for tripartite designs in both genres. J. C. Bach's lifelong preference for motivic phrase structure conditioned his keyboard production and partly explains the gap in quality between some of his works and sonatas composed around the same time by Haydn and Mozart, who developed more effective means to connect the melodic material
to higher structural units. J. C. Bach's influence, however, endured in Mozart's handling of melody, and his keyboard production constitutes, in spite of some flaws, a noteworthy example of elegance and craftsmanship
The lord of the entire world : Lord Jesus, a challenge to Lord Caesar?
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to determine whether in some of Paul's uses of the title K-6ptoq for Jesus, there exists a polemic against the living Roman emperor. After preliminary matters concerning methodology, history of research, and limitations are addressed (chapter 1), the sources for the study are described (chapter 2). Issues surrounding Paul's letters are considered. Then the various literary and non-literary sources which are used to better understand Paul's letters are discussed. The thesis proceeds inductively. Chapter 3 describes aspects of the first century context in which the original readers lived. This is intended to provide a grid to understand Paul's proclamation ofJesus as Lord as close to the first century context as possible. First, forms of emperor worship (imperial cults) are described within the context of Roman religious experience. However, this alone does not provide sufficient context to determine whether a polemic exists. Thus, the role of the emperor in the larger context is also considered. Chapter 4 focuses on the title K-6ptoq and the nature of lordship. First, the meaning, usage, and possible referents are described. The relational nature of the term is emphasised. The wide range of potential referents make it difficult to determine whether a polemic exists. The result is the postulation and defence of a superlative concept of supreme lord which has a restricted referent in a given culture. In chapter 5, the usages of the title for the Julio-Claudian and Flavian emperors are catalogued and it is determined that the living Caesar fills the role of the concept supreme lord in the context of Paul's original readers. Using communication principles from relevance theory, it is demonstrated that an author may include certain contextual clues that would suggest a challenge to the default referent by another. Certain modifiers and structures in the Pauline text lead to the conclusion that in some cases Paul intended a polemic against the living emperor. Specifically, this is suggested for Rom 10: 9; 1 Cor 8: 5-6; 12: 3; Eph 4: 5; Phil 2: 11
Empire of coercion: Rome, its ruler and his soldiers
No full textThis thesis explores the basis of the political power wielded by Roman emperors. Its hypothesis is that their power was of an essentially coercive nature, and was a manifestation of the Roman ethos of competition for personal dominance. This competition took place within the context of a society in which war and military organisation were of prime significance. As a result, political power was habitually obtained and held through the direct and indirect involvement of soldiers. It was inevitable that the relationship between emperors and their soldiers should be the major determinant of their authority. Issues considered to be relevant to this view are examined from a wide perspective and within the broad time scale of the classical world before the advent of the Christian Empire. Ancient writing on the nature of political power is explored, and every effort is made to give due weight to the direct expressions of our primary sources in their discussions of personal authority. Evidence is also cited from sociological and other modem theories of political power in order to illuminate the coercive basis of the Roman state. The development of power within Rome is traced, together with the explanations, justifications and mechanisms inherent to its operation. Soldiers are shown to have been the key agents of Roman political coercion. Bases of authority other than coercion are considered for their relevance, but are found either to have been derivative of, or secondary to, force and the threat of force. The qualities required of a successful emperor are explored. These are demonstrated to have been primarily military, while in the most significant aspects of political and personal behaviour the Roman ruler sought to establish and strengthen the bond between himself and his soldiers. When this link finally weakened, political authority passed directly to the soldiers
Ceremonial entry of Amalie Villemin Brunswick-Lüneburg to Vienna in year 1699
No full textPresented bachelor thesis deals with ceremonial entry of Amalie Villemin Brunswick-Lüneburg to Vienna on the 24th February 1699 that took place on the occasion of her marriage with roman king Joseph I. Mainly it focuses on reconstruction of course of ceremonial entry. Subject of interest is interpretation of abundant symbolic message that author deals with chronological order. Doesn´t stay out of attention pompous baroque firework which took place during subsequent wedding celebrations. In the first chapter, author deals with choice of future wife of roman king Joseph I. from the viewpoint of Elector of Hanover Ernest Augustus. Next chapter is engages in wedding on behalf in Modena. Second chapter deals with reconstruction of journey of Amalie Villemin Brunswick-Lüneburg from Modena to Vienna. This thesis also attempts to uncover separate symbolic elements during journey and following entry to Vienna. Mainly they were formed by motives from antique mythology and scenes of Christian doctrin
- …
