1,722,203 research outputs found
LUTI models, freight transport and freight facility location
Get PDFThe subject of this book is the new scientific research in the field of modelling the interaction between land use and transport (LUTI modelling). Transport and the location of activities in space have been important themes of study in engineering, social sciences and urban and regional plannin
Spatial bias in LUTI models
No full textLand use and transport interactions (LUTI) models are widely employed by planners, to forecast future urban patterns and to test the influence of land use or transport policies. This thesis examines their sensitivity to two types of spatial bias, the choice of the study area (“spatial extent”) and of the areal units (“spatial resolution”). The first part of this thesis focuses on econometric components inside LUTI models. We propose two extensions to the literature on the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). First, the sensitivity of regression models to spatial extent is examined. Secondly, the influence of the spatial resolution on discrete choice models, used by most state-of-the-art LUTI models to forecast location choices of agents, is assessed. Significant variations are found in parameter estimates, leading to changes in the behaviour of the model. The second part of the thesis assesses the influence of these spatial biases on LUTI models’ outputs. Two applications of the UrbanSim model are developed. We rely on a synthetic case study to examine the sensitivity of the final situation predicted by the model. Then, a model of the urban region of Brussels is used to explore the implications of this sensitivity for policy evaluation. The results show that variations induced by spatial bias on LUTI models’ outputs are larger than those due to transport or land use scenarios, and that they affect the estimation of the sustainability of these scenarios. The last chapter offers recommendations to reduce the sensitivity of LUTI models to these spatial biases, consisting in the adoption of “best spatial practices” and of potential technical development, together with alternative approach of increasing the applicability of LUTI models.(SC - Sciences) -- UCL, 201
LUTI operational models review based on the proposition of an a priori ALUTI conceptual model
No full textThis paper focuses on understanding to what extent the components of LUTI models and their mutual interactions are conceptually represented by eight operational LUTI models. This is important for the understanding of LUTI models’ mechanisms, firstly because it may reduce communication barriers between planning communities, secondly because it may help us understand the models’ applicability, and thirdly it may highlight the models’ shortcomings and point for future research. We present a discussion about what subsystems should be considered for LUTI modelling, from which we derived an “a priori” conceptual ALUTI model (incorporating Activities, besides Land Use and Transport). By comparing the rationale behind each model with this conceptual model, we establish the basis for our review, focussing on whether these models incorporate the ALUTI components, its inner workings and the relationships between these components. Results indicate three main limitations of the reviewed models. First, models not always adequately include all the components of the a priori ALUTI model. Second, the ALUTI subsystems’ internal functions are not explicitly modelled in several of the models reviewed, making it difficult to evaluate how planning decisions affect the subsystem. Third, only few models recognise all mutual interactions, especially in respect to the Activity subsystem.Transport and Logistic
Il volgarizzamento dei Trattati morali di Albertano da Brescia, secondo Andrea da Grosseto. Studio della tradizione e saggio di edizione critica.
No full textLo studio ha come oggetto il volgarizzamento di Andrea da Grosseto (1268) dei Trattati morali di Albertano da Brescia, di cui viene offerto un saggio di edizione critica.
La prima parte della tesi, dedicata alla ricezione dell’opera di Albertano, inserisce la traduzione di Andrea nel più ampio contesto della circolazione italiana dei Trattati. Si descrivono i volgarizzamenti realizzati nella Penisola tra i secoli xiii e xv, aggiornando le ricerche sulla tradizione manoscritta dei testi e sulle diverse aree di provenienza e diffusione.
Ci si concentra in particolare sui codici che tramandano il volgarizzamento di Andrea da Grosseto: Firenze, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Conv. soppr. F.4.776 (fine xiii secolo), il più antico testimone completo; Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Gad. Rel. 143 (fine xiii o inizio xiv s.) e il meno noto Genève, Bibliothèque de Genève, Comites Latentes 112 (sec. xiv, seconda metà). Ampio spazio è dedicato alla descrizione dei manoscritti e alla loro analisi linguistica. Lo studio introduttivo si conclude con un capitolo che ricostruisce i rapporti testuali tra i testimoni, per procedere all’edizione del volgarizzamento.
La seconda sezione della tesi è occupata dalla proposta di edizione critica dei Trattati. Nelle note di commento che seguono il testo si è dato risalto al confronto tra la traduzione di Andrea e il testo latino, con frequenti rimandi ai coevi volgarizzamenti italiani.The object of this is the vulgarization of Andrea da Grosseto (1268) of the Moral treaties of Albertano da Brescia, of which a critical edition essay is offered.
The first part of the thesis, dedicated to the reception of the work of Albertano, inserts the translation of Andrea into the context of the Italian circulation of the Treaties. The vulgarisations made in the Peninsula between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries are described, updating the research on the manuscript tradition of the texts and on the different areas of origin and diffusion.
We focus in particular on the manuscripts that pass on the vulgarization of Andrea da Grosseto: Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Conv. Soppr. F.4.776 (end of the 13th century), the oldest complete witness; Florence, Laurentian Library, Gad. Rel. 143 (end of XIII or beginning of 14th century) And the less known Genève, Bibliothèque de Genève, Comites Latentes 112 (14th century, second half). Ample space is dedicated to the description of the manuscripts and their linguistic analysis. The introductory study concludes with a chapter that reconstructs the textual relationship between the witnesses, to proceed with the edition of the vulgarization.
The second section of the thesis is occupied by the proposal for a critical edition of the Treaties. The commentary notes following the text offer a comparison between Andrea's translation and the Latin text, with frequent references to contemporary Italian vulgarisations
Benedetto Luti, Amore e Psiche
No full textScheda di catalogo di mostra di un'opera di Benedetto Luti, con ricostruzione storica, letteratura critica, contestualizzazione, documenti sulla committenza e iter collezionistico, analisi iconografica e formal
Aleramo Sibilla; Arbasino Alberto; Bigongiari Piero; Bonanni Laudomia; Crepuscolarismo; Devoto Giacomo; Ermetismo; Flaiano Ennio; Flora Francesco; Manganelli Giorgio; Momigliano Attilio; Morselli Guido; Neorealismo; Ojetti Ugo; Pancrazi Pietro; Parronchi Alessandro; "Pegaso"; Praz Mario; "La Riviera Ligure"; Russo Luigi; Sciascia Leonardo; Sereni Vittorio; Solmi Sergio; Surrealismo; Viganò Renata; Zena Remigio, in E.Ghidetti-G. Luti, Dizionario critico della letteratura italiana del Novecento, Roma, Editori Riuniti, 1997;
No full textModèles LUTI - des modèles numériques
No full textNational audienceDans cet exposé, nous passons en revue différents aspects de la modélisation numérique et discutons quelques approches en cours d'élaboration en ce qui concerne le calcul numérique pour des modèles LUTI (Land Use and Transport Integrated modela)
Differential evolution approach to LUTI model calibration
No full textModeli LUTI (interakcija rabe zemljišč in transporta) so orodja za pomoč pri odločanju za simulacijo kompleksnih dinamičnih dvostranskih povratnih informacij med transportnimi modeli in modeli rabe zemljišč. Modeli LUTI ocenjujejo več scenarijev načrtovanja, da bi prišli do najustreznejših odločitev. Sprejemanje odločitev na podlagi modelov, ki niso kalibrirani, je lahko zavajajoče in celo napačno. Čeprav je kalibracija (ocena parametrov) ključna zahteva modelov LUTI, popolnoma avtomatizirani pristopi z uporabo večciljnih funkcij niso bili v celoti obravnavani in ni standardnega postopka za kalibracijo modela LUTI. Modelarji namesto tega uporabljajo običajne tehnike za kalibracijo določenega elementa modela ali oceno skupine parametrov modela z malo ali brez skrbi za globalno shemo.
Cilj doktorske disertacije je razvoj popolnoma avtomatiziranega pristopa globalne kalibracije z uporabo večciljnih funkcij. Za odpravo te omejitve je predlagan splošni pristop kalibracije za parametre modela rabe zemljišč z uporabo algoritma diferencialne evolucije (DE). Izvedena je bila globalna analiza občutljivosti za identifikacijo najpomembnejših parametrov modela rabe zemljišč. Ti parametri so bili nato kalibrirani z uporabo algoritma diferencialne evolucije s korensko povprečno kvadratno napako (RMSE) in povprečno absolutno normalizirano napako (MANE) kot večciljnimi funkcijami. Predlagana tehnika (algoritem DE) ponuja pet ključnih zmogljivosti za kalibracijo modelov LUTI, vključno z 1) globalno oceno namesto lokalne ocene, 2) upoštevanjem večciljnih funkcij, 3) nenehnim izboljševanjem rezultatov, 4) enostavno prilagodljivim, in 5) vključitev več parametrov v postopek kalibracije. Za testiranje učinkovitosti predlagane tehnike kalibracije je bil uporabljen model rabe zemljišč TRANUS. Validacijo in konsolidacijo pristopa smo testirali na podlagi konvergence, minimiziranja napak in razmerja med modeliranimi in opazovanimi podatki s primerjavo z dvema dobro znanima optimizacijskima tehnikama, genetskim algoritmom (GA) in optimizacijo roja delcev (PSO). Naši poskusi kažejo, da je z uporabo algoritma Deferential Evaluation predlagani pristop presegel tehnike GA in PSO ter zagotovil najbolj stabilne in raznolike rešitve.LUTI (Land Use and Transportation Interaction) models are decision-making aid tools to simulate complex dynamic bilateral feedback between transportation and land-use models within a territory. LUTI models appraise several further planning scenarios to arrive at the most appropriate decisions.
Making decisions based on the models that are not calibrated or calibrated properly might be misleading and even incorrect. Although calibration (parameter estimation) is a crucial requirement of LUTI models, fully automated approaches using multi-objective functions have not been fully addressed. There is no standard procedure for LUTI model calibration. Modelers instead use conventional techniques to calibrate a specific element of a model or estimate a group of model parameters with little or no concern for a global scheme.
This thesis aims to develop a fully automated global calibration approach using multi-objective functions. In order to overcome this constraint, a novel calibration methodology is introduced for the parameters of the land-use model, using a Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. A global sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most critical land-use model parameters. These parameters were then calibrated using the differential evolution algorithm with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Normalized Error (MANE) as standard statistical metrics to measure the goodness of the proposed calibration approach. The proposed technique (DE algorithm) offers five critical capabilities for calibrating LUTI models: 1) global estimation, prioritizing over local estimation, 2) accommodating multi-objective functions, 3) continuously enhancing results, 4) easy adaptability, and 5) incorporation of multiple parameters in the calibration process. The performance of the proposed calibration technique was assessed using the TRANUS land-use model. The approach was validated and consolidated, evaluating convergence, error minimization, and the ratio between modeled and observed data. These assessments involved comparisons with two established optimization techniques: Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Our experiments indicate that employing the Differential Evaluation algorithm resulted in the proposed approach outperforming both GA and PSO techniques. The Differential Evaluation algorithm provided superior performance and demonstrated excellent stability and diversity in solutions
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