1,721,052 research outputs found
Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of cranial nuchal bursitis in 30 horses
Get PDFBackground No large retrospective case series describing the treatment and outcomes following diagnosis of cranial nuchal bursitis have been published. Objective To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, treatment and outcome of horses suffering from cranial nuchal bursitis and to determine their outcome after medical or surgical treatment. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods Medical records (1990–2014) of two referral centres were reviewed for signalment, diagnostic features, method of treatment (medical, surgical or both) and outcome. Results The median age of horses was 13 years (range 5–22 years) and follow‐up time ranged from 12 to 108 months. Fourteen horses were treated medically and 20 horses were treated surgically. Of those horses treated medically, four horses had recurrence of clinical signs requiring subsequent surgical treatment. Overall, 41.7% of horses had recurrence of clinical signs following treatment and 66.7% of horses were able to return to their previous level of exercise. Five horses underwent more than one surgical procedure due to recurrence of clinical signs. Of those horses treated solely surgically, 28.6% of the horses had recurrence of clinical signs and 78.6% returned to their previous level of exercise. Of those horses treated solely medically, 33.3% had recurrence of clinical signs and 66.7% returned to their previous level of exercise. Of those horses treated surgically following failed medical management, 100% had recurrence of clinical signs and 25% returned to their previous level of exercise. Main limitations Retrospective design with small sample number. Conclusions Nuchal bursitis can be successfully managed with either medical or surgical treatment. Prognosis for return to work tends to be worse in horses requiring surgical intervention following failed medical management
Equine keratomycosis in the Netherlands from 2007 to 2017 28 cases: Voorjaarsdagen 2017 - Equine short communications (BEVA and Xcellent Horse Insurance Award)
No full textEQUINE KERATOMYCOSIS IN THE NETHERLANDS FROM 2007 TO 2017 (28 CASES) Equine keratomycosis or fungal keratitis is a relatively common sight-threatening corneal disease in horses, particularly in warm, humid climates. Clinical manifestation includes corneal ulceration with or without corneal melting, microerosions, fungal plaque and stromal abscess. Aim of the study To determine clinical signs, diagnostic methods, predominant fungal isolates, treatment modalities and outcome of horses with keratomycosis in the Netherlands. Material and Methods Records of horses presented to the University of Utrecht, Equine Department suspected with keratomycosis between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed for this retrospective study. Information retrieved from the records included breed, ophthalmic examination findings, further diagnostics, treatment prior to and following presentation, and outcome. Results 28 Horses were suspected with keratomycosis by ophthalmic examination over a 10 year time period. No breed predilection was apparent. All horses had received either topical antibiotics or topical corticosteroids pre-referral. Ophthalmic examination showed corneal edema without ulceration (1/28), cornea ulceration (12/28; Fig 1.) or stromal abscess (15/28; Fig 2.). In 13 cases only a presumptive diagnosis was made by the ophthalmic findings of which 12/13 cases had a stromal abscess with an intact epithelium. In 15 cases keratomycosis was confirmed by fungal culture (13/15) and/or cytology (8/15). Aspergillus spp. was the most common isolate (92%). Treatment consisted of medication only (50%), medical combined with surgical treatment (32%), enucleation (11%) or euthanasia (7%). Miconazole was the topical antifungal medication utilized in all cases (100%). Globe retention was 88% (23/26). All cases that had follow-up available (12/26) developed corneal scarring (Fig 3). Conclusion Keratomycosis should be considered in horses presenting with keratitis (corneal edema, corneal ulceration and stromal abscess) in the Netherlands, with Aspergillus spp. being the most common isolate. It is a serious condition that commonly results in corneal ulceration and even corneal perforation, with loss of the globe. Definitive diagnosis of ulcerative keratomycosis depends on a positive fungal culture or identification of fungal hyphae on corneal cytology but is not always feasible due to the depth of the lesion (e.g. stromal abscess)
Hoefprobleem, rotstraal, wat nu?
No full textRotstraal is de naam voor een ontsteking van het hoorn van de stralen, het hoorn aan de onder-achterzijde van de hoef. Wat is rotstraal precies en hoe kun je het voorkomen
Arthroscopic removal of large extensor process fragments in 18 Friesian horses: long-term clinical outcome and radiological follow-up of the distal interphalangeal joint
Get PDFObjective: Report long-term clinical and radiological follow-up in horses after removal of large extensor process fragments occupying >25% of the joint surface of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ).
Study Design: Retrospective case series.
Animals: Friesian horses (n=18) that underwent arthroscopic removal of a large extensor process fragment.
Methods: Arthroscopic examination of the DIJ was performed in dorsal recumbency with the affected foot in extension using routine portals. Visualization of the fragment was improved using motorized synovial resectors. A dissection plane between the common digital extensor tendon and the extensor process fragment was created using sharp lever instruments, in some cases aided by motorized burrs and radiofrequency ligament dissection. The fragment was removed piecemeal using Ferris-Smith rongeurs. Medical records, preoperative and postoperative radiographs, and owner surveys were reviewed for case details and outcome.
Results: The technique described allowed removal of the large fragment in all 18 horses. Of the 17 horses where long-term clinical follow-up was available, 14 were used as intended and 3 kept some degree of lameness. The angle between the remodeled extensor process and the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx was increased and subchondral bone remodeling at the fragment bed was noted on postoperative lateromedial radiographs.
Conclusion: Arthroscopic removal is a good treatment option for horses with large extensor process fragmentation with a good long-term outcome. Remodeling of the remaining extensor process and the subchondral new bone formation in the fragment bed can occur with functional recovery
Near Infrared Spectroscopic Mapping of Functional Properties of Equine Articular Cartilage
Get PDFMechanical properties of articular cartilage are vital for normal joint function, which can be severely compromised by injuries. Quantitative characterization of cartilage injuries, and evaluation of cartilage stiffness and thickness by means of conventional arthroscopy is poorly reproducible or impossible. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for predicting and mapping the functional properties of equine articular cartilage at and around lesion sites. Lesion and non-lesion areas of interests (AI, N = 44) of equine joints (N = 5) were divided into grids and NIR spectra were acquired from all grid points (N = 869). Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to investigate the correlation between the absorbance spectra and thickness, equilibrium modulus, dynamic modulus, and instantaneous modulus at the grid points of 41 AIs. Subsequently, the developed PLS models were validated with spectral data from the grid points of 3 independent AIs. Significant correlations were obtained between spectral data and cartilage thickness (R (2) = 70.3%, p < 0.0001), equilibrium modulus (R (2) = 67.8%, p < 0.0001), dynamic modulus (R (2) = 68.9%, p < 0.0001) and instantaneous modulus (R (2) = 41.8%, p < 0.0001). Relatively low errors were observed in the predicted thickness (5.9%) and instantaneous modulus (9.0%) maps. Thus, if well implemented, NIR spectroscopy could enable arthroscopic evaluation and mapping of cartilage functional properties at and around lesion sites
Ruling out BGN variants as simple X‐linked causative mutations for bilateral corneal stromal loss in Friesian horses
Get PDFValidation of Distal Limb Mounted Imu Sensors for Stride Detection and Locomotor Quantification in Warmblood Horses at Walk and Trot
No full textReasons for performing study: IMU-sensor based techniques arebecoming more popular in horses as a tool for objective locomotorassessment. Using currently proposed methods only limited informationabout stride variables can be obtained for walk and trot.Objectives: To describe, evaluate and validate a method of stridedetection and quantification (i.e. hoof-on/off detection and stanceduration calculation) at walk and trot using distal limb mounted IMU-sensors.Study design: Validation study.Methods: To compare IMU-sensors and motion capture (MoCap) withforce plate data as the gold standard, 7 warmblood horses equippedwith metacarpal/metatarsal IMU-sensors (range: low-g accelerometer16 g; high-g accelerometer 200 g) and reflective markers for MoCapwere hand walked and trotted over a force plate. All instruments wereframe synchronised and data were collec ted at 200 Hz. Using fourcustom-built algorithms hoof-on/off timing over the force plate andstance duration were calculated for each trial from the IMU data.Accuracy of the computed parameters was calculated as the meandifference in milliseco nds between the IMU/MoCap generated data andthe data from the force plate (bias) and precision as the standarddeviation of these differences.Results: The best performing IMU algorithm achieved for stanceduration at walk an accuracy, precision and percentage of error of28.5 ms/31.6 ms/3.7% for the forelimbs and 5.5 ms/20.1 ms/2.2% forthe hindlimbs respectively. At trot the best performing algorithmachieved an accuracy, precision and percentage of error of 27.6 ms/8.8 ms/8.4% for the forelimbs and 6.3 ms/33.5 ms/9.1% for thehindlimbs. Using IMU algorithms for hoof-off detection a better overallaccuracy and precision was obtained, than when using MoCap.Conclusions: The observed IMU validation performance appears verypromising, and seems ready to practically and accurately determineimportant stride variables at walk and also at trot, being the key gait forlameness assessment and training evaluation.Ethical animal research: This study was approved by the local ethicscommittee. Horses were owned by the University. Sources of funding:This study was funded by STW Valorisation Grant 13448. Competinginterests: None declared
EOTRH: Gebitsziekte
Get PDFDe laatste jaren komt het paardengebit meer en meer in de belangstelling. Daardoor worden ook ‘nieuwe’ aandoeningen gevonden. Die hoeven niet nieuw te zijn, maar worden soms nu pas onderkend. Een zo’n aandoening is – afgekort – EOTRH
Treatment and long-term follow-up of distichiasis, with special reference to the Friesian horse: a case series
No full textReasons for performing study: Distichiasis is very uncommon in horses and treatment options and outcome remain unknown. Objectives: To describe treatment and long-term follow-up of distichiasis in the horse. Study design: Retrospective clinical study. Methods: Case records of horses admitted for diagnosis and treatment of uni- or bilateral distichiasis between 2003 and 2012 were reviewed. Long-term (>6 months after last treatment) follow-up was by telephone conversation with the owner or referring veterinarian. Data were analysed using a Chi-squared test. Results: Eighteen cases were identified, of which 17 were Friesians. All horses had signs of corneal irritation or ulceration concurrent with distichiasis. In total, 29 eyes were affected with distichiasis of which 23 had clinical signs. All corneas were stained with fluorescein and 13 had fluorescein positive defects (45%). The lower eyelidwas affected more often. Two different electrocautery deviceswere used for treatment. The complicationswere slight scarring of the eyelids (100%) and clinical recurrence (54%). Successful resolution of the clinical signs after one treatment occurred in 46% of the horses and in 77% of the horses satisfactory long-term results were found after a mean of 2 treatments (range: 1– 6 treatments). There was significant correlation between number of hairs and recurrence (P<0.002). Conclusions: There is a breed predisposition of distichiasis in the Friesian horse. In Friesian horses that present with uni- or bilateral corneal irritation or corneal ulceration, careful examination of the eyelid margins should be performed to diagnose distichiasis. Electrocautery is a valid and successful therapeutic modality which is minimally invasive, inexpensive, has a low complication rate and is easy to perform in the standing sedated horse. The recurrence rate is low in horses with less than 5 distichiae
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