1,190 research outputs found
Weed Competition under drought conditions in a changing climate.
No full textAgriculture is the most affected sector by climate change since its development is closely related to natural resources use. For this reason, it is affected by variations in temperature and rainfall. Climate change could further undermine efforts to mobilize water resources for agriculture, due to reductions observed in precipitation at the lowest tropical latitudes. A clear vision of the impact of climate change on weed management in a hot-arid environment is crucial to understand the vulnerability of crop yield in the Mediterranean region. Water resource amounts in many regions of the world, and water availability between crops can be inadequate in areas where natural rainfall is deficient. The research related to interactions between rising carbon dioxide and other anticipated environmental changes is mostly unknown. This commentary has presented a clear and broad discussion of the most recent opinions on this topic. Particularly in the Mediterranean region, knowledge of these potential interactions may be crucial in safeguarding weed threats or production losses in irrigated agriculture
Aridocoltura: tecniche e modalità di gestione delle colture in ambienti aridi
No full textCome conciliare l’esigenza di produrre più cibo per far fronte ai bisogni di una popolazione
in crescita costante con quella di risparmiare la risorsa idrica in agricoltura? Una risposta può
essere fornita dall’applicazione delle tecniche di aridocoltura, che consentono di coltivare al
meglio anche nuove specie e di massimizzare l’efficienza d’uso dell’acqua
Dryland Farming and the Agronomic Management of Crops in Arid Environments
No full textFarming plays and will continue to play a pre-dominant role in food production and the sustainability of the world's population. Objective
of this mini review was to describe the dry land farming and its importance and also to outline the future growth prospects of this type
of agriculture. Dryland management practices over time have undergone continuous evolution and in this mini-review it is synthetically
explained. They are essential and over time they have become more active but alone are not sufficient to promote increased crop
production in arid environments. The conventional approach which involves in establishing drought tolerant cultivars through breeding
has not yet been able to solve the problem. The world of scientific research to increase production in drought environments in recent
years is moving in two up-and-coming areas: (1) The use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and (2) The use of water-saving
superabsorbent polymer (SAP), both of these opportunities in these last year seem to give great chances for succes
Low CO2 does not remove diffusional limitation to photosynthesis in salt stressed tomato during omotic phase
No full textSalinity is one of the main environmental stress
for crops such as tomato which is widely spread in the
Mediterranean region. It is now widely considered that in
plant adaptation to salts, the time scale of the response is
essential. During the initial phase of response to salinity,
when the osmotic effect predominates, plant response to
salts is regulated by hormones, and between them abscisic
acid plays a crucial role. We showed that on tomato crops
during the first phase (osmotic one) low CO2 conditioning
treatment before photosynthetic response to carbon dioxide
concentration (A–Ci curve) is not applicable because diffusional
limitations to photosynthesis is not removed by
low CO2 air concentration. Conditioning at low CO2 is not
sufficient to remove diffusional limitation of photosynthesis
in salt stressed tomatoes during osmotic phase
Zeolite effects on soil water content on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) growth and yield: first results
No full textZeolites, microporous crystalline aluminosilicate minerals, are used in many fields as catalysts and sorbents. In agriculture, zeolites are considered soil conditioner because they can improve soils' ability to retain water as well as their cation exchange capacity.
To assess the amendment effect of a coal fly ash zeolite, previous described by Belviso et al. (2022), on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv ‘Lorelay’) growth and yield, an experiment was conducted in controlled conditions at the Agronomy laboratory of the University of Basilicata. Polypropylene plastic pots having a volume of 5 liters were used to cultivate the spinach plants propagated by seeds. Pots were filled with a silty-loam soil, previously air-dried and passed through a 2-mm to have 2 experimental treatments: 1) silty-loam soil plus zeolite at a percentage of 1% (Zeo 1) and 2) silty-loam soil without zeolite as control (Zeo 0). To monitor moisture content of the soil, Watermark probes were installed in pots. During the experiment, reading the watermark data, plants were watered to restore the field capacity. On plants, greenness index of leaves were measured by using a spad meter and gas exchange parameters were measured using a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. At the end of the trial, per each pot, some measurements were conducted on plants to have the leaf area, the fresh and dry weight, and the dry matter content. Our results confirmed the capacity of zeolite to hold water improving the ability of the soil to be moister. Moreover, dry matter content and greenness index of leaves of plants cultivated on the Zeo1 soil were higher than the control ones
Relazioni tra mutamenti climatici, consumi idrici, scambi gassosi ed efficienza delle specie frutticole in Basilicata.
No full text
Risposta fisiologica del sorgo da carta e del girasole allo stress salino
No full textSi riportano i risultati di una ricerca condotta allo scopo di studiare gli scambi gassosi, le relazioni idriche e ioniche e l’accrescimento del sorgo da carta e del girasole in risposta allo stress salino. La prova è stata condotta sia in vaso che in pieno campo sottoponendo la due specie a livelli crescenti di salinità, ottenuti irrigando con acqua che presentava un ampio range di conducibilità elettrica compresa tra 0,39 e 20 dS m-1. I risultati ottenuti hanno messo in evidenza una significativa riduzione del tasso assimilativo all’aumentare della conducibilità elettrica dell’estratto saturo del suolo. La riduzione della fotosintesi misurata in risposta allo stress salino è risultata più che proporzionale rispetto al calo della traspirazione, e ciò ha comportato una riduzione dell’efficienza nell’uso dell’acqua sia a livello fogliare che di intera pianta. Tra i fattori di inibizione dell’attività fotosintetica, quelli di natura non stomatica hanno influito in modo determinante. Più in particolare, dall’analisi delle curve di risposta dell’assimilazione alla concentrazione intercellulare di CO2 è stata dedotta una riduzione dell’attività dell’enzima ribulosio 1-5 difosfato carbossilasi al crescere della salinità. In condizioni estreme di stress, misure di fluorescenza della clorofilla nel girasole hanno rilevato anche un rallentamento del trasporto elettronico a livello dei fotosistemi. L’accumulo dei sali nella rizosfera ha indotto una riduzione dello stato idrico dei tessuti vegetali in buona parte associata alla riduzione del potenziale osmotico. La concentrazione ionica fogliare, evidentemente correlata ai valori del potenziale osmotico, ha tuttavia mostrato una distribuzione discontinua tra foglie vecchie e giovani in linea con l’attitudine della pianta a preservare le foglie più giovani e più attive nei processi di sintesi da un accumulo degli ioni fino a concentrazioni tossiche
Effetto della pacciamatura e dello stress idrico controllato sulla risposta ecofisiologica del melone (Cucumis melo L. var. Inodorus Naud.)
No full textWe report the results of a trial carried out in open field in order to study the effects of the mulching associate to water stress on physiological response of melon. This species even is able to tolerate protract period of drought, require a rational irrigation scheduling: short irrigation intervals and low irrigation volumes are suggested
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