1,721,069 research outputs found
Il mandorlo. Coltivazione e innovazione
No full textIl comparto mandorlicolo nazionale si trova di fronte a nuove sfide che possono trasformarsi in grandi opportunità, vista la crescente la crescente attenzione del consumatore globale per un di alto valore nutrizionale e sostenibile. Sebbene sia fuori discussione l’elevata qualità della mandorla italiana, l’aver relegato per diversi decenni tale produzione a coltura marginale e poco soggetta ad innovazione ha determinato perdite di posizione nel panorama produttivo mondiale. La Mandorlicotura potrà essere economicamente ed ecologicamente sostenibile se: (i) tutti i componenti della filiera (consumatori, trasformatori, produttori, tecnici ricercatori e amministratori pubblici) saranno informati e tra loro connessi; (ii) il mandorlo acquisterà dignità di coltura frutticola principale coniugando tradizione ed innovazione. Usando un neologismo La Mandorlicoltura, così come la frutticoltura tutta, dovrà essere, “Tradi(Ra)zionale”.
Questo manuale affronta le tematiche della gestione colturale del mandorlo partendo dalla fisiologia della specie. Conoscere e saper identificare i meccanismi fisiologici che determinano la formazione della produzione vendibile (sviluppo delle gemme a fiore, crescita dei frutti, funzionalità fogliare, dinamica dell’acqua e degli elementi nutritivi nella pianta) diventa utile per modulare le pratiche colturali in base alle esigenze della pianta ed ai fattori della produzione a disposizione
The use of local promising almond cultivars as an adaptation strategy against water scarcity
No full textEurope is one of the leading countries for almond consumption, however, its
record for production was lost several decades ago. Although the USA is nowadays the
first producing country, the last drought seasons occurred in California threatened the
maintenance of almond production. Several mitigation and adaptation activities
should be undertaken in order to cope with this issue. The present study reports the
results of 7 years of observations performed on 86 Italian (most of all from Apulia),
44 foreign almond cultivars and 71 hybrids having local or foreign cultivars as
parental. The trial was carried out on trees grafted on seedling and managed
according to the principles of Dry Farming Practices (DFP), without any irrigation
supply. Productivity (average and cumulative production of almonds with and without
shell per tree) and commodities-related (nut and kernel weights, percentage of tween
and aborted kernels) variables were measured and data were subjected to Principal
Component Analysis (PCA). PCA revealed that two factors explained more than 60% of
variance; Factor 1 (~50% of variance) and Factor 3 (11% of variance) were defined by
the productivity and commodities-related variables, respectively. Under DFP
condition local cultivars and the deriving hybrids, appeared more performing for the
productivity features than the foreign ones, resulting less prone to be cultivated in
water limiting conditions. A clear separation between local and foreign cultivars for
Factor 3 was not recorded. This poly-annual study highlights the important role of
biodiversity in the climate change adaptation strategies, in order to reach an
environmental and economic sustainability of agriculture
Identification and bio-agronomical study of seven biotypes of Azarole (Crataegus azarolus L.)
No full textRottura della dormienza e anticipo di maturazione indotta da Idrogeno Cianamide (Dormex®) in ciliegio a seguito di inverni "normali" e "miti"
No full textComparison between two methods of estimation of chilling and heat requirements for flowering in almond
No full textA precise determination of thermic requirements (chilling and heat) for breaking dormancy is quite difficult under field conditions. However, quantification under laboratory conditions should be considered with caution and it is costly and time consuming when analyzing a large number of genotypes. For this reason, statistical models based on the analysis of historical blooming dates have been developed to fit the responses of tree species to local weather conditions. Chilling and heat requirements for breaking dormancy and flowering were studied in five local almond cultivars with a widespread time of full bloom (‘Pizzuta d’Avola’, the earliest, ‘Tribuzio’, ‘Tuono’, ‘Cristomorto’ and ‘Rana Gentile’, the latest) in Apulia region (southern Italy). The chilling portions (CP), determined by dynamic model, and the growing degree hours by Richardson model (GDH) were used to determine chilling and heat accumulations, respectively. Using both full bloom dates and temperatures of previous seasons for nine years, two methods for estimating thermic requirements were compared: the Ashcroft method (AM), and a new version (Ashcroft method modified, AMM) that takes into account in a higher extent the GDH accumulation in comparison with AM, and allows selecting the optimal requirements when alternative choices are possible. The two methods generally underestimated the blooming date, but with a difference from the real one within 5 days for most of the cases studied. AMM resulted more effective than the original method in Apulian semi-arid conditions. The estimation of thermic requirements using temperature data and full bloom dates seemed to be useful, easy and not too expensive to be implemented for a wide number of cultivars
ll carico di frutti influenza le relazioni idriche ed i flussi vascolari nel frutto di pesco
No full textRed and blue netting alters leaf morphological and physiological characteristics in apple trees
Get PDFThere is little information about the role of red and blue light on leaf morphology and physiology in fruit trees, and more studies have been developed in herbaceous plants grown under controlled light conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of red and blue screens on morpho-anatomy and gas exchange in apple leaves grown under ambient sunlight conditions. Apple trees cv. Fuji were covered by 40% red and blue nets, leaving trees with 20% white net as control. Light relations (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD; red to far-red light ratio, R/FR and blue to red light ratio, B/R), morpho-anatomical features of the leaf (palisade to spongy mesophyll ratio, P/S, and stomata density, SD) and leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis rate, An; stomatal conductance, gs; transpiration rate, E; and intrinsic water use efficiency, IWUE) were evaluated. Red and blue nets reduced 27% PPFD, reducing by 20% SD and 25% P/S compared to control, but without negative effects on An and gs . Blue net increased gs 21%, leading to the highest E and lowest IWUE by increment of B/R light proportion. These findings demonstrate the potential use of red and blue nets for differential modulation of apple leaf gas exchange through sunlight management under field conditions
Orchard floor management affects tree functionality, productivity and water consumption of a late ripening peach orchard under semi-arid conditions
Get PDFSemi-arid conditions are favorable for the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars; however, seasonal water scarcity and reduction in soil biological fertility, heightened by improper soil management, are jeopardizing this important sector. In the present two-year study, four soil managements were compared on a late ripening peach orchard: (i) completely tilled (control); (ii) mulched with reusable reflective plastic film; (iii) mulching with a Leguminosae cover-crop flattened after peach fruit set; (iv) completely tilled, supplying the water volumes of the plastic mulched treatment, supposed to be lower than the control. Comparison was performed for soil features, water use, tree functionality, fruit growth, fruit quality, yield and water productivity. Even receiving about 50% of the regular irrigation, reusable reflective mulching reduced water loss and soil carbon over mineralization, not affecting (sometimes increasing) net carbon assimilation, yield, and fruit size and increasing water productivity. The flattening technique should be refined in the last part of the season as in hot and dry areas with clay soils and low organic matter, soil cracking increased water evaporation predisposing the orchard at water stress. The development and implementation of appropriate soil management strategies could be pivotal for making peach production economically and environmentally sustainable
Sensibilità allo spacco da pioggia dei frutti di cultivar di ciliegio di recente diffusione in coltura
No full textInnovative Soil Management and Micro-Climate Modulation for Saving Water in Peach Orchards
Get PDFMicroclimatic and soil management studies emphasize that roofing above the canopy or soil mulching contributes to reduce water losses from horticultural cropping systems and, at the same time, to increase water use efficiency. The aim of this 2-year on-farm study, carried out on a late ripening peach (cv. California) orchard, was to investigate the combined effect of water supply (full or deficit irrigation, DI), incoming light (hail or shading net), and soil management (tilling or mulching) on: microclimate; fruit growth; yield; irrigation water use productivity (WPI); and soil water stress coefficient (Ks). Shading hail net reduced air temperature (−1°C), wind speed (−57%), solar radiation (−32%), while increased relative air humidity (+9.5%). Compared to the control treatment (hail net coverage, soil tillage, and full irrigation), the innovative management (DI + shading hail net + mulching) reduced seasonal volumes of irrigation water (−25%) and increased both final yield (+36%) and WPI (+53%). Saving water resources without losing yield is an achievable goal by peach orchards growing under the Mediterranean climate if the DI agro-technique is adopted conjointly with shading hail net and soil mulching
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