1,721,025 research outputs found
A Unifying Platform-Based Approach for the Design of Heterogeneous Systems
No full textNell’ultimo decennio la ricerca nel campo dei Sistemi Dedicati è stata spinta
dal desiderio di introdurre intelligenza nell’ambiente e in infrastrutture fisiche, con lo scopo di
creare un pianeta intelligente. Dispositivi embedded vengono utilizzati per inserire in maniera
distribuita capacità di ragionamento nell’ambiente fisico. Questo ha portato alla nascita di
nuove tipologie di sistemi, come i Sistemi Ciberfisici, gli Smart System, il concetto di “Sciame
di Sensori”, l’Internet of Things e molti altri: tutti caratterizzati da un enorme livello di
eterogeneità.
Questa eterogeneità viene introdotta da diversi aspetti del flusso id progettazione. Per
prima cosa, le sotto-componenti che compongono questi sistemi sono solitamente sviluppate
utilizzando tecnologie diverse e domini di progettazione differenti: HW analogico e digitale
deve convivere sullo stesso oggetto con SW e parti sviluppate per implementare differenti
processi fisici. Queste parti richiedono tecniche di progettazione e strumenti differenti, tipici
del dominio di progettazione del sotto-componente considerato. Inoltre, uno stesso componente
può essere modellato a diversi livelli di astrazione durante i vari passi del flusso di
progettazione, e diversi livelli di astrazione possono coesistere all’interno dello stesso modello
del sistema. Infine, diversi punti di vista e problematiche di progetto devono essere presa
in considerazione a causa della natura, spesso critica, dei sistemi in oggetto. Queste possono
comprendere problemi di costo, di consumo energetico, di vincoli di temperatura o vincoli
geometrici.
In passato sono stati proposti diversi approcci per gestire l’eterogeneità nel campo dell’ingegneria
dei sistemi. In particolare il concetto di Platform-based Design è emerso come
approccio più promettente in quanto sussume tutti gli altri approcci combinando i vantaggi
delle metodologie basate sia su modellazione e raffinamento (top-down) che quelle basate
su riuso di componenti (bottom-up). Infatti, permette sia la sintesi da specifiche di alto livello
che il riuso di componenti, supporta diversi livelli di astrazione e l’ortogonalizzazione e
l’analisi delle diverse problematiche di progetto. Tuttavia, nonostante l’approccio sia stato ampliamente
definito nella sua teoria, manca pesantemente di strumenti per la sua applicazione
attraverso l’integrazione dei componenti e la simulazione efficiente di descrizioni a livello di
sistema, limitandone l’applicabilità del paradigma di progettazione.
Lo scopo di questa tesi è di coprire questa mancanza proponendo un approccio unificante
capace di riconciliare le descrizioni eterogenee dei componenti di un sistema in un unica rappresentazione
omogenea e simulabile. Per fare ciò, il flusso di progettazione proposto parte
da un insieme di specifiche ad alto livello delle funzionalità da implementare ed una libreria
di componenti precedentemente implementati e testati, disponibili per il riuso. I modelli delle
specifiche e dei componenti sono eterogenei, nel senso che possono essere espressi usando
formalismi, linguaggi e strumenti diversi, oltre che che diversi livelli di astrazione e intesi per
essere implementati da tecnologie diverse. Questi vengono tradotti, manipolati ed astratti attraverso
un insieme di tecniche in modo da produrre un modello della funzionalità del sistema
che può venire simulato. Questo permette una simulazione veloce del sistema che impatta
positivamente su tutti quei passi del flusso di progettazione che richiedono l’analisi dinamica
del sistema. Tutto questo è implementato in maniera automatica da un insieme di strumenti
sviluppati utilizzando un framework omogeneo chiamato HIFSuite.
Il vantaggio principale che si ottiene applicando l’approccio proposto è la possibilità
di riusare tecniche tipiche della progettazione di sistemi omogenei, estendendole per essere
applicate al caso di sistemi eterogenei.Last decade research on Embedded Systems has been heavily pushed by the desire
to create smarter infrastructures, environments and, in general, a smarter planet. Embedded
devices have been employed to perform monitoring, control and communication in order “to
embed” intelligence into widely distributed physical environments. This led to the introduction
of new kinds of systems such as Cyber-Physical Systems, Smart Systems, Sensory Swarm,
Internet of Things and many others, all characterized by a huge amount of heterogeneity.
This heterogeneity is introduced in different aspects of the design. First of all, the sub-parts
composing these systems belong to different design domains, such as digital and analog HW,
embedded SW, networking, mechanical or chemical processes, thus requiring heterogeneous
expertise and different tools typical of every domain involved. Moreover, distinct abstraction
levels must be considered during the design process and they should be brought together into
unique heterogeneous models. Finally, different design concerns, such as power consumption
or reliability, affect the design quality due to the often safety-critical target of these systems.
To take care of this heterogeneity, many approaches have been proposed in the field of
systems engineering. However, in the recent years Platform-Based Design, has emerged subsuming
all the previous approaches. It aims at providing both the advantages of bottom-up and
top-down approaches. It provides support for different abstraction levels, allows the separation
of concerns and enhances compositional design. However, the state of the art lacks of practical
frameworks and approaches that allow for both easy reuse of pre-designed components and
fast system-level simulation.
This thesis aims at covering this lack by proposing a unifying approach to reconcile the
heterogeneous components composing a system, into a unified homogeneous executable representation.
Thus, the proposed design flow starts from the high-level specification of the
functionalities the system must implements, and a library of already implemented components.
The models composing both the high-level specification and the library of components
are heterogeneous in the sense that they can be expressed with different formalisms and languages,
levels of abstraction or belonging to different design domains. Then, through a set of
translation, abstraction and manipulation techniques, the approach creates a behavioral model
of the system as an executable specification. This will provide fast system-level simulation,
thus positively impacting all the design steps relying on simulation techniques. Automation
is provided by implementing the methodologies proposed by this thesis within translation,
manipulation and abstraction tools on top of a homogeneous framework called HIFSuite.
The most positive consequence of the adoption of this approach is the chance to re-use
typical techniques developed for the design of homogeneous devices (e.g., digital HWdesign),
by extending them to the case of heterogeneous systems
Validation of HMI applications for industrial smart display
No full textEnsuring the correctness of industrial smart displays applications is fundamental given the requisites concerning reliability and safety demanded by their deployment in industrial plants. However, verification of Human-Machine Interaction applications usually requires an operator using them. This paper presents an approach to automatically verify a set of properties on HMI applications for industrial smart displays. The methodology relies both on static and simulation-based phases to maximize the number of properties automatically verified. The approach has been applied to verify a set of HMI applications developed by an Industrial Smart Display provider
A Contract-Based Requirement Engineering Framework for the Design of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems
Get PDFThis work-in-progress paper presents our current effort toward the development of compositional modeling formalisms and scalable algorithms for high-assurance design of industrial cyber-physical systems, with emphasis on smart manufacturing systems. A require-ment engineering methodology is implemented within CHASE, a software framework supporting contract-based representations of systems and components to facilitate analysis and design space exploration. We provide an overview of CHASE and discuss its application to the design of a robotic arm. This paper is accompanied by a poster describing the architecture of CHASE and a demonstration of its application to the case study
Automatic Generation of Analog/Mixed Signal Virtual Platforms for Smart Systems
Get PDFPervasive computing requires to build systems every day more complex and heterogeneous. Smart devices must be able to carry on sensing and actuation alongside with computation and communication. As such, many different technologies must be packed within the same object. Digital HW and SW coexist with analog components and Micro-Electro-Mechanical systems capable of sensing and controlling the physical environment. For this reason, the design of such devices must rely on the integration of many different descriptions belonging to different design domains. The high-level of heterogeneity involved in the modeling phase of the system development makes harder the validation of the system functionality, since holistic system simulation would require the integration of many different simulators. In this article, we propose a set of automatic abstraction techniques for multi-disciplines analog components. Then, we define a scheduling strategy to integrate the execution of continuous-time analog sub-components with automatically abstracted models of the digital HW parts of the system. As a final result, the proposed methodology produces a C++ virtual platform providing a holistic simulation of complex and heterogeneous devices
An Experimental Analysis of Security Vulnerabilities in Industrial IoT Devices
Get PDFThe revolutionary development of the Internet of Things has triggered a huge demand for Internet of Things devices. They are extensively applied to various fields of social activities, and concerning manufacturing, they are a key enabling concept for the Industry 4.0 ecosystem. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices share common vulnerabilities with standard IoT devices, which are increasingly exposed to the attackers. As such, connected industrial devices may become sources of cyber, as well as physical, threats for people and assets in industrial environments. In this work, we examine the attack surfaces of a networked embedded system, composed of devices representative of those typically used in the IIoT field. We carry on an analysis of the current state of the security of IIoT technologies. The analysis guides the identification of a set of attack vectors for the examined networked embedded system. We set up the corresponding concrete attack scenarios to gain control of the system actuators and perform some hazardous operations. In particular, we propose a couple of variations of Mirai attack specifically tailored for attacking industrial environments. Finally, we discuss some possible
Quantitative Verification and Design Space Exploration under Uncertainty with Parametric Stochastic Contracts
No full textThis paper proposes an automated framework for quantitative verification and design space exploration of cyber-physical systems in the presence of uncertainty, leveraging assume-guarantee contracts expressed in Stochastic Signal Temporal Logic (StSTL). We introduce quantitative semantics for StSTL and formulations of the quantitative verification and design space exploration problems as bi-level optimization problems. We show that these optimization problems can be effectively solved for a class of stochastic systems and a fragment of bounded-time StSTL formulas. Our algorithm searches for partitions of the upper-level design space such that the solutions of the lower-level problems satisfy the upper-level constraints. A set of optimal parameter values are then selected within these partitions. We illustrate the effectiveness of our framework on the design of a multi-sensor perception system and an automatic cruise control system
Efficient and Trusted Detection of Rootkit in IoT Devices via Offline Profiling and Online Monitoring
No full textWe present LKRDet: a framework based on a Trusted Execution Environment to detect Kernel rootkits in IoT devices. LKRDet checks the consistency of hardware events, occurring in specific system call routines, to detect abnormalities caused by the kernel rootkits. LKRDet relies on Hardware Performance Counters to efficiently and safely count the hardware events occurring in the system. We implement a prototype of LKRDet for the ARM TrustZone architecture, on top of the Open Portable Trusted Execution Environment and evaluate our prototype with four popular rootkits. Our evaluation reveals that LKRDet can accurately detect the presence of all the rootkits in the device
On the Reuse of Heterogeneous IPs into SysML Models for Integration Validation
No full textThe paper proposes an integrated methodology to abstract already existing heterogeneous IPs into SysML behavioral equivalent models. This approachaims at integrating the abstracted components with partially specied platforms at SysML level and verifying their integration. During the abstraction ow, the level of details can be chosen according to the needs of the designer. They are related to communication and synchronization protocols, hierarchical structure, and data types of the abstracted IPs and the details about continuous ows to be abstracted in SysML. Therefore,the generated SysML models can preserve information about structure in combination with the functional description for continuous and discrete behaviors and, thus, they can be synthesized into C++ or modeling tools like Matlab Simulink. This can be used to verify the integration of the so generated models exploiting simulation based techniques. The main benet of the proposed methodology is relieving designers from the modeling time and error risks especially for those designs in which the SysML model of the architecture is particularly structured and detailed. The approach has been fully integrated and extended to support also components with analogic behaviors. The proposed framework has been applied positively to dierent benchmarks in order to be validated. Three case studies are presented in order to better understand the approach applicability and eectiveness
Task Assignment, Scheduling, and Motion Planning for Automated Warehouses for Million Product Workloads
Get PDFWe address the Warehouse Servicing Problem (WSP) in automated warehouses, which use teams of mobile robots to move products from shelves to packaging stations. Given a list of products, the WSP amounts to finding a motion plan which brings every product on the list from a shelf to a packaging station within a given time limit. The WSP consists of four subproblems, namely, deciding where to source and deposit a product (task formulation), who should transport each product (task assignment) and when (scheduling) and how (motion planning). These problems are NP-Hard individually and made more challenging by their interdependence. The difficulty of the WSP is compounded by the scale of automated warehouses, which use teams of hundreds of agents to transport thousands of products. In this paper, we present Contract-based Cyclic Motion Planning (CCMP), a novel contract-based methodology for solving the WSP at scale. CCMP decomposes a warehouse into a set of traffic system components. By assigning each component a contract which describes the traffic flows it can support, CCMP can generate a traffic flow which satisfies a given WSP instance. CCMP then uses a novel motion planner to transform this traffic flow into a motion plan for a team of robots. Evaluation shows that CCMP can solve WSP instances taken from real industrial scenarios with up to 1 million products while outperforming other methodologies for solving the WSP by up to 2.9x
- …
