21 research outputs found
Caractérisation des risques agroclimatiques liés à la culture du maïs (Zea mays) au nord du Togo sous la variabilité climatique
No full textThe present study focuses on the analysis of climate risks that can compromise maize (Zea mays) cultivation in northern Togo in this context of climate variability and change. In order to reduce the vulnerability of maize producers in the Savanah and Kara regions of northern Togo, the characterization of agro-climatic risks with a view to planning adaptation measures is based on climate data from 1981-2017. The methodology used is based on the deterministic nature of the risks through the detection of trends and variability in rainfall and local thermal variations. The results reveal risks of early start and late end of the rainy season. The advent of heavy rains and dry days at the beginning of the season (April-May-June) showed an increase in the risk of flooding, a decrease in rainfall quality and potential risks of droughts in the early season (vegetative phase). Overall, increases in temperature and thermal extremes highlighted risks of high climatic demand in both regions, leading to increased heat stress, fertilization failure, increased water requirements and shortened cycle times, resulting in lower yields in most of the study area.
Keywords: climatic risks, variability, stress, vulnerability, Savanah and Kara, TogoLa présente étude porte sur l’analyse des risques climatiques pouvant compromettre la culture du maïs (Zea mays) au Nord Togo dans ce contexte de variabilité climatique afin de réduire la vulnérabilité des producteurs de maïs dans la région des Savanes et de la Kara au nord du Togo. La caractérisation des risques agro climatiques dans l’optique de stratégies d’adaptation sont faites sur la base des données climatique de 1981 à 2017. L’analyse est basée sur le caractère déterministe des risques à travers la détection des tendances et de la variabilité de la pluviosité puis des variations thermiques locales. Les résultats révèlent des risques de démarrage précoces et fin tardive de la saison pluvieuse. L’avènement des fortes pluies et des jours secs en début de saison (Avril-Mai-Juin) ont montrés un risque d’inondation, de baisse de la qualité pluviométrique et des risques de sécheresses en début de saison. Globalement, les hausses des températures et des extrêmes thermiques révèlent des risques stress hydrique dans les deux régions, accentuant ainsi le stress thermique, l’échec de la fécondation, l’augmentation des besoins en eau et le raccourcissement du cycle du maïs entrainant ainsi la baisse des rendements dans la majeure partie de la zone d’étude.
Mots clés: Risque climatique, variabilité, stress, vulnérabilité, Savanes, Kara, Tog
Prof. Thomas F. DeFrantz on Dancing a Black Social – an interview
No full textProf. Thomas DeFrantz on Dancing a Black Social and Re-Orientations, sharing insights from his prolific research into Black American dance past, present and future. Molloy interviewed the Professor on the 9th of May 2024, in person at SLIPPAGE lab, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA.Intro/outro music : drum-dance jam at the market stall of Burkinabe instrument-maker Issaka Compaore at the annual Africlap street festival August 2024, Toulouse, France.Interview and recordings by the author on a Zoom H1N field mic. Photography, editing and audio production by the author. Research-creation / fieldwork conducted in partial completion of a PhD at University College Cork and University of Toulouse, with the support of an ERASMUS+ mobility grant and the UCC Danijela Kulezic-Wilson scholarship.Prof. Thomas DeFrantz on Dancing a Black Social and Re-Orientations, sharing insights from his prolific research into Black American dance past, present and future. Molloy interviewed the Professor on the 9th of May 2024, in person at SLIPPAGE lab, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA.Intro/outro music : drum-dance jam at the market stall of Burkinabe instrument-maker Issaka Compaore at the annual Africlap street festival August 2024, Toulouse, France.Interview and recordings by the author on a Zoom H1N field mic. Photography, editing and audio production by the author. Research-creation / fieldwork conducted in partial completion of a PhD at University College Cork and University of Toulouse, with the support of an ERASMUS+ mobility grant and the UCC Danijela Kulezic-Wilson scholarship
Évaluation des tendances futures des précipitations au Togo et dans la région des savanes pour les horizons 2050 et 2080
No full textAu Togo, le changement climatique est une des préoccupations majeures pour les populations locales et
l’ensemble des écosystèmes. L’objectif de la présente étude est de contribuer à l’amélioration de la prise
de décision dans la lutte contre les changements climatiques. La méthodologie est basée sur l’analyse
de données journalières de précipitations de dix modèles climatiques régionaux de 2021 à 2080. Les
résultats montrent que d’incertitudes allant de 1 à 9% dans les zones des savanes et de -6 à -1% pour
celles de montagnes. Cependant, de 2051 à 2080, l’analyse projetée présente -1 à -3% de baisse sur les
monts Togo et 12% d’augmentation au Nord Togo. Ce qui atteste que les tendances futures des
précipitations dans la région des savanes sont précaires et peu encourageant pour les activités socioéconomiques des populations locales. A cet effet, il est recommandé l’agriculture et l’élevage intelligents
face au climat, l’agroforesterie et les bonnes pratiques de gestion des ressources en eau comme solutions
d’adaptatives plus appropriées dans cette péjoration climatique
Conservation et utilisation durable des ressources génétiques des mil, sorgho, niébé et sésame menacées de disparition au Niger
No full textAprès un rappel historique sur la construction du projet « Conservation et utilisation durable des ressources génétiques des mil, sorgho, niébé et sésame menacées de disparition au Niger », l’auteur nous fait une description de ce projet. Dans un premier temps, l’importance des quatre espèces est soulignée, puis suit un état des lieux en ce qui concerne la diversité de ces quatre cultures. Les menaces qui pèsent sur cette diversité sont décrites et l’auteur développe les conséquences de la perte de diversité génétique de ces espèces cultivées. Vient ensuite une présentation détaillée du projet : la finalité, les objectifs généraux et spécifiques, les résultats attendus selon les objectifs fixés. L’auteur termine par une réflexion sur la conservation in situ, en s’interrogeant sur les stratégies à adopter (quelle échelle géographique, quelle diversité prendre en considération,...) et sur leur durabilité.The author describes the genesis and content project of the “Sustainable preservation and utilization of endangered pear millet, sorghum, cowpea and sesame genetic resources in Niger”. He shows how these four crops are important for the country and presents their diversity in Niger. Then, threats and consequences of loss of genetic diversity for these crops are discussed. The author then describes the general and specific objectives, and the outcomes of the project. Finally, the author discusses several questions about in situ conservation: patterns and strategies be used (geographical scale and kind of diversity to be considered), and their sustainability
Mahamadé Savadogo et la construction d’un discours philosophique en langue nationale moore au Burkina Faso
No full textDans un contexte plurilingue caractérisant les pays africains comme le Burkina Faso, où la langue de transmission des connaissances est le français, comment rendre populaire la philosophie ? C’est autour de cette grande question que se développe tout le discours philosophique de Savadogo. L’auteur s’assigne pour tâche de construire une langue philosophique en moore, langue nationale au profit des masses désirant s’initier aux connaissances philosophiques. L’objectif du présent travail, c’est de saisir les caractéristiques du discours philosophique de Savadogo en privilégiant la perspective de Maingueneau (1995 ; 2005 ; 2019), Maingneneau et Cossutta (1995), Cossutta et Maingneneau (2019), en analyse du discours. L’étude démontre que le discours philosophique de Savadogo privilégie des activités énonciatives diverses et fonctionne comme un discours à visée métalinguistique, c’est à dire, un discours questionnant la langue elle-même.
Abstract
In a multilingual context characterizing African countries like Burkina Faso, where the language of transmission of knowledge remains French, how to make philosophy popular ? It is around this important question that all of Savadogo’s philosophical discourse develops. The ambition of the author is to build a philosophical language in moore local language for the benefit of peoples wishing to learn philosophical knowledege. The objective of this study is find the characteristics of Savadogo’s philosophical discourse by favoring the theorical perspective of Maingueneau (1995 ;2005 ; 2019), Maingneneau and Cossutta (1995), Cossutta and Maingneneau (2019) in discours analysis. The study demonstrates that Savadogo’s philosophical discourse favors various enunciative activities and functions as a discourse whith a metalinguistic aim, that is to say a discourse questionning the language itself
Interplay between contract and public law in Ghana: Implications for major construction contracts and transparency
No full textThe relationship between infrastructure project owners and their contractors is generally governed by contract law. However, where the project owner is a State, there are often additional requirements from public law to be complied with. The challenges posed by the interplay between public law and private contractual relationships in such context have been highlighted by litigation concerning the effect of a constitutional requirement that any international business and economic transaction to which the Government of Ghana (GoG) is a party is not to become operational without parliamentary approval. Through analysis of five decisions of the Supreme Court of Ghana on the interpretation of this constitutional provision, this piece highlights the devastating consequences that inattention to public law could have on parties who contract with the GoG and its agencies. It also examines the extent to which the judicial interpretation of the constitutional requirement really furthers the interests of transparency and openness that it was intended to promote.This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Public Procurement Law Review following peer review. The definitive published version is available online on Westlaw UK or from Thomson Reuters DocDel service
Evaluation of the Impact of Seasonal Agroclimatic Information Used for Early Warning and Farmer Communities’ Vulnerability Reduction in Southwestern Niger
No full textIn Niger (a fully Sahelian country), the use of climate information is one of the early warning strategies (EWSs) for reducing socio-economic vulnerabilities in farmer communities. It helps farmers to better anticipate risks and choose timely alternative options that can allow them to generate more profit. This study assesses the impacts of the use of climate information and services that benefit end-users. Individual surveys and focus groups were conducted with a sample of 368 people in eight communes in Southwestern Niger. The survey was conducted within the framework of the ANADIA project implemented by the National Meteorological Direction (NMD) of Niger. The survey aims to identify different types of climate services received by communities and evaluates the major benefits gained from their use. Mostly, the communities received climate (73.6%) and weather (99%) information on rainfall, temperature, dust, wind, clouds, and air humidity. Few producers in the area (10%) received information on seasonal forecasts of the agrometeorological characteristics of the rainy season. The information is not widely disseminated in the villages during the roving seminars conducted by the NMD. For most people, this information is highly relevant to their needs because of its practical advice for options to be deployed to mitigate disasters for agriculture, livestock, health, water resources, and food security. In those communities, 82% of farmers have (at least once) changed their routine practices as a result of the advice and awareness received according to the climate information. The information received enables farmers (64.4%) to adjust their investments according to the profile of the upcoming rainfall season. The use of climate information and related advice led to an increase of about 64 bunches (equivalent to 10 bags of 100 kg) in annual millet production, representing an income increase of about 73,000 FCFA from an average farmland of 3 ha per farmer. In addition, the use of climate information helps to reduce the risks of floods and droughts, which often cause massive losses to crop production, animal and human life, infrastructure, materials, and goods. It has also enabled communities to effectively manage seeds and animal foods and to plan social events, departures and returns to rural exodus. These analyses confirm that the use of climate information serves as an EWS that contributes to increasing the resilience of local populations in the Sahel
Nutrients composition of calyces and seeds of three Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) ecotypes from Niger
No full textThe chemical composition of calyces and seeds of three ecotypes of Roselle from Niger was compared. The results indicate that calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg) and protein contents in calyces are significantly different (P<0.005) among ecotypes. The highest concentrations of K, Na, Mg and protein in calyces were recorded for ecotype E7 (35.66, 3.40, 6.01 and 101 mg/g d.w., respectively). Ecotype E9 had the highest Ca content in calyces (34.41 mg/g d.w.); while E3 and E7 had similar and lower contents. The protein content in calyces for E9 (52 mg/g d.w.) was approximately halved compared to those of E3 and E7. For all ecotypes, the concentrations of Ca, K, Mn, Na and Fe in the calyces were higher compared to those in the seeds. In contrast, P content was higher in seeds. The highest K, Na, Mg and P concentrations in seeds were registered for E7 and the lowest ones for E9. Ecotypes E3 and E9 recorded higher and similar Cu, Fe and Mn contents in calyces and in seeds compared to E7. The highest Zn concentrations in seeds were obtained for E3 and E7.Keywords: Niger, Roselle, seeds, calyces, protein, composition, micronutrients, macronutrientsAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(26), pp. 4174-417
Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum diversity in natural infections by deep sequencing.
No full textMalaria elimination strategies require surveillance of the parasite population for genetic changes that demand a public health response, such as new forms of drug resistance. Here we describe methods for the large-scale analysis of genetic variation in Plasmodium falciparum by deep sequencing of parasite DNA obtained from the blood of patients with malaria, either directly or after short-term culture. Analysis of 86,158 exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms that passed genotyping quality control in 227 samples from Africa, Asia and Oceania provides genome-wide estimates of allele frequency distribution, population structure and linkage disequilibrium. By comparing the genetic diversity of individual infections with that of the local parasite population, we derive a metric of within-host diversity that is related to the level of inbreeding in the population. An open-access web application has been established for the exploration of regional differences in allele frequency and of highly differentiated loci in the P. falciparum genome
Direct torque control induction motor drives
No full textThis paper presents an implementation of a direct torque control (DTC)
strategies to control the operation induction motor (IM). The aim is to control
effectively the torque and flux. Torque control of an induction motor base on DTC
strategy has been developed and a comprehensively study in this thesis. Direct torque
control is the first technology to control the real motor control variable of torque and
flux. This method made the motor more accurate and fast torque control, high
dynamic speed response and simple to control. This report presents a principle of the
DTC; switching table, and selection of the amplitude of the hysteresis band of torque
and flux. The basic dynamic performance of DTC is investigated. The performance
is including in when the motor in starting drives and when motor in nominal value.
The performance of this control method has been demonstrated by simulation using a
versatile simulation package, MATLAB/SIMULINK. The author also present the
simulation results related to the theoretical aspects mentioned in the paper. The result
shows that the proposed direct torque control is capable to control the operation of
the induction moto
