177,573 research outputs found
Repository of Deep Renovation Packages Based on Industrialized Solutions: Definition and Application
No full textRenovation Wave aims to boost the uptake of deep renovation towards the CO2 emission targets for 2030. In this perspective, there is the need of technologies and solution sets for improving the deep renovation process as well as demonstrating the performances for supporting the stakeholders in the decision-making process. To cope with the issue, this work presents a methodology for setting up a repository of building deep renovation packages that integrates industrialised facade technologies and more traditional solutions. The performances feeding into the repository have been evaluated by means of transient detailed simulations on a set of reference buildings in representative European climate conditions. The renovation packages are evaluated in terms of key performance indicators dealing with five areas: energy, comfort, pollutant emissions, cost, and renovation time. The defined repository includes 289 assessed technology packages and associated performances across Europe, providing a comprehensive support to identify the most effective solutions according to the user needs. The paper presents the application of the repository with two examples of stakeholders’ decision-making paths for selecting the deep renovation packages according to different priorities and expected targets
From Import to Export? Some Signs of the External Circulation of South African Constitutional Jurisprudence
No full textAnalisi della giurisprudenza della Corte costituzionale sudafricana citata da altri giudici di costituzionalità di paesi different
Assessing the energy flexibility of building clusters under different forcing factors
No full textGiven the increasing penetration of variable renewable resources in energy networks, future buildings should become flexible, i.e., able to modify their energy demands in response to external forcing factors to pursue specific goals. Furthermore, strong interaction among interconnected prosumer buildings and energy systems will require flexible energy management strategies at cluster level. Accordingly, this study implements the IEA EBC Annex 67 approach and proposes a quantification methodology to assess the energy flexibility performance of building clusters. The availability of renewable energy sources and carbon intensity in the energy mix are selected as forcing factors and a rule-based control scheme is applied to the space heating set-point to exploit thermal storage in the building structure. Specific indicators are defined to quantify flexibility as (i) a reduction in energy demand not covered by renewables or (ii) a percentage decrease in carbon emissions enabled by smart control of the cluster, compared to a reference scenario. The methodology is applied to four cluster configurations characterized by different building thermal mass levels, modeled in Dymola dynamic simulation environment. Results show that smart operation for simulated clusters enables an improvement of renewable energy usage (up to a 13% saving of the residual annual heating demand), and up to an 18% reduction of energy-related carbon emissions. The suggested quantitative assessment and indicators represent valuable support for building designers to easily compare multiple technological solutions and design strategies in terms of energy flexibility
Bottom-up building stock retrofit based on levelized cost of saved energy
No full textPolicy makers need scientific support to set ambitious yet realistic environmental targets for the transition to energy efficient buildings and to develop cost-effective policies to meet these targets, but comprehensive, manageable procedures to this aim are still lacking. Our proposed method ranges from baseline creation to transition scenarios depending on annual retrofit budget and specifies the buildings to renovate according to location, size, and age, and the energy efficiency measures to apply based on cost and energy saving. We show how to extrapolate a baseline from few available data, determine retrofit costs, and create calibrated models to estimate energy savings. Retrofits are ranked by levelized cost of saved energy, which ensures that for any budget allocated to retrofit maximum energy savings are obtained at minimum cost to society. The results are summarized in an energy efficiency cost curve enabling policy makers to estimate potential costs and energy savings. We demonstrate the method on a housing stock in northern Italy and show that facade insulation of old buildings in colder climates can compete with gas heating. About 60% baseline energy consumption can be saved doubling current investments, while a maximum saving of 75% requires over three times the current investments
Arte devozionale e categorie della produzione pittorica "popolare". Una breve nota
No full textPartendo dal restauro della serie di dipinti murali dell'Oratorio della Crocetta, presso Cento, si analizzano alcune categorie devozionali generali nell'ambito della produzione pittorica (ex voto, committenza confraternale); soprattutto, sono studiate dal punto di vista metodologico quelle convenzioni storiografiche che hanno per molto tempo pesato in senso negativo sulla considerazione di queste forme d'arte: il concetto di 'ritardo stilistico' (ma anche quello di 'ciclo')
Ai tempi di Umiltà (circa 1230-1320)
No full textSi analizzano alcune opere d'arte romagnole nel periodo della vita della beata Umiltà da Faenza, tra cui la croce francescana della Pinacoteca Comunale di Faenza, la Madonna col Bambino di Giovanni da Rimini della stessa sede, e il ciclo di corali per il Duomo della città romagnola. Il testo tenta anche di istituire raffronti tra i contenuti dei Sermones della monaca e i tempi esemplificati dalle tipologie o dalle iconografie delle opere prese in considerazione
Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: An overview of the main construction features across Europe
No full textNearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs) represent the backbone to achieve ambitious European goals in terms of energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction. As defined in the EPBD, by 31 December 2020, all of the new buildings will have to reach a target of nearly zero energy. This target encourages the adoption of innovative business models as well as the technology development in the building sector, aimed at reducing energy demand and exploiting local renewable energy sources (RES). Assessing the share of implementation and the performance of technologies in new or renovated nZEBs is strategic to identify the market trends and to define design guidelines with the most effective solutions according to the context. In this regard, this paper analyses the construction features of a set of nZEBs, collected in 17 European countries within the EU IEE ZEBRA2020 project, with a special focus on the influence of the boundary conditions on the technologies adopted. The results show a general high insulation level of the envelope and recurrent specific technologies in the Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) system (i.e., heat pumps and mechanical ventilation), while the climatic conditions do not drive significantly the design approach and the nZEB features
Su alcuni incunaboli miniati della "Summa Theologiae" di Sant'Antonino della Biblioteca Comunale dell'Archiginnasio di Bologna
No full textNel saggio analizzo una serie di incunaboli della "Summa theologiae" di Sant'Antonino, per descrivere il susseguirsi di diverse tipologie decorative nei fregi della miniatura bolognese di fine XV secolo. Attraverso il loro esame, si definiscono importanti elementi per la conoscenza del mercato librario dell'epoca, in relazione alle diverse professionalità legate all'oggetto "libro" (tipografo, libraio, miniatore), delle abitudini di acquisizione e della costituzioni di raccolte librarie (in questo caso, conventuali)
New domain for promoting energy efficiency: Energy Flexible Building Cluster
No full textThe ongoing energy system shift—from traditional centralized fossil fuel based to decentralized renewable energy sources based—requires a strengthened control of energy matching. Smart buildings represent the latest step in building energy evolution and perform as active participants in the cluster/energy infrastructure scale, becoming energy prosumers. In this framework, the IEA EBC Annex 67 introduces the concept of ‘Energy Flexible Building’ defined as a building able to manage its demand and generation in accordance with local climate conditions, user needs and grid requirements. Currently, there is no insight into how much flexibility a building may offer, and this study aims to overview the theoretical approaches and existing indicators to evaluate the Energy Flexibility of building clusters. The focus on cluster scale allows for the exploitation of the variation in energy consumption patterns between different types of buildings and the coordination of load shifting for the improvement of renewable energy use. The reviewed indicators can contribute to the definition of the Smart Readiness Indicator, introduced in the European Commission proposal for the EPBD revision, in order to test a building's technological readiness to adapt to the needs of the occupants and the energy environment, as well as to operate more efficiently
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