1,721,100 research outputs found
Nasal anomalies review with CT or MRI: from congenital to malignant.
Full text linkLearning Objectives. To describe imaging findings of a wide spectrum of uncommon nasal cavity masses evaluated at our institution by CT, CBCT and MR imaging, clinically and pathologically proven. Background. In this work we present a succinct review of disease illustrated by a retrospective case series of nasalcavity masses, evaluated at our institution. between 2010 and 2013. Patients have been studied with different imaging modalities including multiraw computed tomography (CT), cone beam computed
tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) to illustrate the findings and to summarize
the main diagnostic keypoints for the differential diagnosis of nasal masses. Clinicopathological
correlation is also reported and imaging findings we present have been isthopathologically proven.
Images aid in recognition and characterization of the lesions. Many different types of lesions may
involve the nasal cavities and imaging studies, CBCT, CT and MR, provide anatomical details and could
be helpful first in differentiating benign to malignant lesions and secondary in characterization of the
lesion. Referring to non neoplastic lesions, rinoliths, piogenic granuloma and septal mucocele are
reported. Referring to benign and borderline tumors osteoma, hamartoma, hemangioma,
hemangiopericytoma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, antrochoanal polip and inverted papilloma are
reported. Referring to malignant neoplasms intestinal type adenocarcinoma, esthesioneuroblastoma
and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma are reported. CONCLUSION. This review of uncommon nasal masses studied with different imaging modalities (CT, CBCT and MRI)should be useful in differential diagnosis of the wide spectrum of nasal tumors and non tumors masses
In vitro quantitation of the effects of magnetic fields and radiofrequencies on amino acid metabolism
No full textThe extensive use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in medical diagnosis needs experimental confirmation of the real biological harmlessness of magnetic fields and radiofrequencies in the imaging process. To date, no unquestionable conclusions have been drawn and experimental results differ in various literature reports. We investigated the effects of radiofrequencies and magnetic fields on the amino acid content of plasma samples from 10 healthy volunteers aged 25 to 30 years; the samples were exposed for 60 minutes to MR fields at 0.5 T with the sequences commonly used in clinical practice. After exposure to magnetic fields, the samples were analyzed with chromatography and the results compared with those of plasma samples not exposed to MR fields. Thirty-four different amino acids were investigated and no significant changes were observed in the total concentration of any of them. Our results show that, at least in a cell-free system, exposure to a magnetic field at 0.5 T causes no significant quantitative changes in amino acid composition, at least no changes demonstrable at chromatography. On the other hand, our preliminary observation does not exclude that exposure to nonionizing radiation may modify in vivo enzyme kinetics with transient qualitative, but not quantitative, changes
RISONANZA MAGNETICA (RM) MORFOLOGICA E FUNZIONALE NELLO STUDIO DELL'ADENOCARCINOMA PROSTATICO (CAP)
No full textObiettivi didattici. Illustrare i reperti morfologici e funzionali del CaP, all'imaging RM. Introduzione. La RM è una metodica fondamentale nello studio del CaP; oltre all'imaging morfologico, permette importanti acquisizioni funzionali che aumentano la sua performance diagnostica. Tecnica d'esame. Lo studio RM della prostata prevede sequenze assiali t1, assiali, coronali e sagittali T2, DWI, sequenze spettroscopiche e sequenze perfusioni (GE T1w 3d fat-sat). In T1 la prostata ha intensità di segnale medio-bassa omogenea, senza possibilità di distinzione dell'anatomia zona e ghiandolare o d'identificazione di eventuali CaP. Queste sequenze permettono la visualizzazione di eventuali residui ematici post-bioptici e dell'interfaccia ghiandola/tessuto adiposo periprostatico. Le sequenze T2 pesate permettono una valutazione dell'anatomia zonale prostatica con la zona periferica iperintensa (ZP) rispetto alla zona centrale (GC). Il CaP si presente come un'area ipointensa nel contesto della normale ZP. Nelle sequenze perfusioni il CaP mostra un'intensa captazione (wash-in) con successiva rapida dismissione (wash-out) del mezzo di contrasto, comportamento meglio visibile grazie all'elaborazione di curve intensità/tempo che mostrano una morfologia differente rispetto al tessuto sano. Nelle sequenze DWI la minore diffusività delle molecole di acqua nel CaP si manifesta come iperintensitànelle immagini DWI ed ipointensità nelle mappe ADC con valore di ADC <1.24. La spettroscopia permete una valutazione metabolica della prostata: il CaP mostra incremento di Colina (Cho) e Creatina (Cr) con riduzione del Citrato (Ci) che si riflette in un incremento nel valore del rapporto Cho+Cr/Ci. Conclusioni. La RM ha un ruolo di primaria importanza nella identificazione, localizzazione , stadiazione loco-regionale e follow up del paziente con CaP
Zenker’s Diverticulum in Forestier Disease: Chance or Causality?
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Zenker's diverticulum is an acquired sac-like outpouching of the mucosa and submucosa layers originating at the pharyngoesophageal junction. The predominant symptom of Zenker’s diverticulum is dysphagia. Videofluoroscopy confirms the diagnosis. Forestier disease is a clinical entity characterized by ossification of anterolateral vertebral ligament and anterior osteophyte formation along the anterolateral spinal column. Its etiopathogenesis remains unknown and common symptoms are dysphagia, dysphonia and airway obstruction. The objective of this study is to identify a pathophysiological correlation between Forestier disease and the onset of Zenker’s diverticulum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted. The electronic database of our Radiology Unit was analyzed in order to identify patients with hypopharyngeal diverticulum and osteophytes at the cervical vertebrae level, from January 2010 to January 2021. The search was performed using precise keywords. RESULTS: The computerized database search outlined 10 imaging exams: 5 videofluorographies and 5 computed tomography scans. In 100% of the cases, dysphagia was the main symptom that led to the diagnostic assessment; 30% of patients, on the other hand, reported dyspnoea. From the data analysis, the male / female ratio is 1: 1 and the average age of the patients is 64.8 (+/- 11.31) years. CONCLUSIONS: We assume that the anatomical abnormalities in Forestier disease may cause an increase of pharyngeal pressure and consequently support the development of the Zenker’s diverticulum. Hence, it is always recommended to investigate the presence of Zenker’s diverticulum in a patient with Forestier disease, especially for the life-threatening complications of Zenker’s diverticulum
CAPITOLO I. OSTEONECROSI DELLE OSSA MASCELLARI (ONJ) FARMACO-RELATA
No full textSi definisce osteonecrosi delle ossa mascellari associata a bisfo- sfonati e/o altri farmaci una “reazione avversa farmaco-correlata, caratterizzata dalla progressiva distruzione e necrosi dell’osso mandibolare e/o mascellare di soggetti esposti al trattamento con farmaci per cui sia accertato un aumentato rischio di malat- tia, in assenza di un pregresso trattamento radiante”.
In Tabella. 1.1 sono riportati i relativi criteri di inclusione, di esclusione e di dubbio
Hypofractionated postoperative helical tomotherapy in prostate cancer: a mono-institutional report of toxicity and clinical outcomes
Full text linkPurpose: This is a mono-institutional study of acute and late toxicities and early biochemical control of a retrospective series of 75 prostate cancer patients treated with moderate postoperative hypofractionation delivered by helical tomotherapy (HT).Patients and methods: From April 2013 to June 2017, 75 patients received adjuvant (n=37) or salvage (n=38) treatment, delivering to prostate bed a total dose of 63.8 Gy (equivalent dose in 2-Gy fraction..67.4 Gy) using 2.2 Gy fractions. Whole-pelvis irradiation was performed in 63% of cases (median dose, 49.3 Gy; range, 48-55.1 Gy). Concurrent hormonal therapy was administered in 46% of cases. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) was adopted for acute and late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity evaluations. Biochemical progression was defined as PSA level increase of >= 0.2 or more above the postoperative radiotherapy (RT) nadir.Results: Acute GU toxicities were as follows: G1 in 46% and G2 in 4%, detecting no G >= 3 events. For GI toxicity, we recorded G1 in 36% and G2 in 18%. With a median follow-up of 30 months (range, 12-58 months), we found late toxicity G2 GI in 6.6% and G >= 2 GU in 5.3%, including two patients who underwent surgical incontinence correction. Acute toxicity and diabetes were found to be predictive of late GI >= 2 toxicity (P=0.04 and P=0.0019). Actuarial 2- and 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survivals were 88% and 73%, respectively, for the entire population.Conclusion: In our experience, moderate hypofractionated postoperative RT with HT was feasible and safe, with reports of low incidence of toxicity and promising biochemical control rates
The burnout phenomenon among student radiographers: a single centre experience
Full text linkBurnout syndrome is a condition that may occur not only for staff in human service sectors/jobs, involving intensive interactions with others, but also people that are engaged in activities psychologically similar to work, such as students. Radiographers in training suffer double stress, first linked to the status of being a university student and secondly as early career workers who have relations with the public of the health system. Aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and levels of burnout syndrome among radiographers in training in an University Hospital
Stereotactic body radiotherapy in oligoprogressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer during abiraterone or enzalutamide
No full textIntroduction: This monocentric, single-arm, retrospective study investigated the role of stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer who experienced oligoprogression during androgen receptor targeted agents. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with androgen receptor targeted agents between December 2016 and January 2022. All patients experienced an oligoprogression (defined as the appearance and/or the progression of <= 5 bone or nodal or soft tissue metastases) during treatment with androgen receptor targeted agents and received stereotactic body radiotherapy upon oligoprogressive sites, preserving the androgen receptor targeted agents. Further stereotactic body radiotherapy upon new metastatic sites was permitted. Patients showing visceral metastases or receiving palliative radiotherapy were excluded. Progressive disease at >5 metastatic sites or the appearance of visceral metastases led to a change of the systemic treatment. Primary endpoints were 36-month survival rate and 36-month rate of patients receiving treatment with androgen receptor targeted agents. Secondary endpoints were local disease control, biochemical response and safety. Results: We analyzed data from 30 patients. The 36-month survival rate was 90% (27 patients); 36-month rate of patients who were still on treatment with androgen receptor targeted agents was 50%. 20 of 30 patients had performed imaging control after a single course of stereotactic body radiotherapy: overall response rate was 50%, while clinical benefit was 93%. No > G2 adverse events related to stereotactic body radiotherapy were recorded. Conclusions: Stereotactic body radiotherapy in oligoprogressive metastatic sites during androgen receptor targeted agent treatment resulted in a feasible and effective treatment to delay the start of next-line systemic treatment and prolong overall survival in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Longer follow-up and further prospective studies are necessary to confirm our preliminary results
Role of MRI in the Assessment of Cervical Cancer
No full text: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and it is divided into 2 main histological types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Extension of disease as well as the presence of metastases define the prognosis of patients. Accurate tumor staging at diagnosis is essential for adequate planning for treatment. There are several classifications of cervical cancer, and the most used are FIGO and TNM, which help classify the patient and guide the treatment. Imaging has a pivotal role in classifying patients, and MRI plays a decision-maker role both for diagnosis and for treatment planning. In this paper we highlight the role of MRI, alongside guidelines classification, in patients with different stages of cervical tumors
Diagnostic and prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of tumor depth of invasion and bone invasion in patients with oral cavity cancer
No full textTo evaluate the accuracy of preoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of radiological depth of invasion (rDOI) and bone invasion in patients with oral cavity cancer, and the prognostic value of preoperative rDOI
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