1,729,409 research outputs found
A novel method to allow noninvasive, longitudinal imaging of the murine immune system in vivo
Full text linkIn vivo imaging has revolutionized understanding of the spatiotemporal complexity that subserves the generation of successful effector and regulatory immune responses. Until now, invasive surgery has been required for microscopic access to lymph nodes (LNs), making repeated imaging of the same animal impractical and potentially affecting lymphocyte behavior. To allow longitudinal in vivo imaging, we conceived the novel approach of transplanting LNs into
the mouse ear pinna. Transplanted LNs maintain the structural and cellular organization of conventional secondary lymphoid organs. They participate in lymphocyte
recirculation and exhibit the capacity to receive and respond to local antigenic challenge. The same LN could be repeatedly imaged through time without the requirement for surgical exposure, and the dynamic behavior of the cells within the transplanted LN could be characterized. Crucially, the use of blood vessels as fiducial markers also allowed precise re-registration of the same regions for
longitudinal imaging. Thus, we provide the first demonstration of a method for repeated, noninvasive, in vivo imaging of lymphocyte behavior
Rate of metastatic LNs according to size of mesorectal LNs.
No full textRate of metastatic LNs according to size of mesorectal LNs.</p
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of No.10 LNs for patients with histological evidence of LNs structure in No.10 LNs.
No full text<p>Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of No.10 LNs for patients with histological evidence of LNs structure in No.10 LNs.</p
Implementation Of LNS for . . .
No full textWe describe Large Neighbourhood Search (LNS), a search method for combinatorial problems. LNS is a local search method that meshes well with the constraint programming paradigm. LNS operates by taking a solution to the problem, relaxing some of the decisions made in the construction of the solution, and then reoptimizing those decisions in an attempt to reduce cost. Here, we describe the general LNS algorithm for constrained problems, paying particular attention to the choice of decisions to relax. We then describe how we tuned LNS for the results presented in [4] on VRPs with side constraints
Effect of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer on the lymph nodes (LNs): Exploration of the number of retrieved LNs, number of metastatic LNs, and the size of LNs.
No full text 651 Background: For accurate staging of colon cancer, 12 or more LNs are recommended to be explored. Although the total number of LNs in rectal cancer was reported to be decreased after CRT, the number of LNs to be explored is not yet clear. We investigated the number of retrieved LNs, number of metastatic LNs, and the LN sizes within the radiation field in comparison with those outside the radiation field, to clarify the influence of CRT. Methods: The subjects were 211 patients with cStage II/III rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent radical surgery between 1991 and 2010. Of these, 111 patients underwent surgery alone (S group) and 100 patients also received preoperative CRT (40 or 45Gy) with concurrent oral UFT or S-1 (RT-group). The numbers of LNs were reviewed by pathological chart, and HE-stained specimens were examined with a digitizer to evaluate the LN sizes (short-axis, long-axis and area). Results: A total of 2049 LNs were retrieved, of which 230 were metastatic LNs. The average number of retrieved LNs was significantly higher in the S group (16±11) than that in the RT group (9±7) (P < 0.0001). The number of LNs inside the radiation field was significantly higher in the S group (6±6) than that in the RT group (4±4) (P = 0.001), whereas outside the radiation field, there was no significant difference between the two groups (5±4 in the S group vs. 5±4 in the RT group). The short-axis of the retrieved LNs was significantly larger in the S group (within the radiation field: 3.5±2.1 mm in the S group vs. 3.0±1.9 mm in the RT group, P < 0.0001; outside the radiation field: 4.3±2.6 in the S group vs. 3.8±2.4 in the RT group, P = 0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative CRT significantly decreased the total number of LNs compared to the surgery alone, attributable to the decrease in the number of LNs inside the radiation field. CRT reduced the size of the LNs and the degree of reduction was larger in the nodes within the radiation field than in those outside. And it was suggested that CRT also had an effect on the LNs outside the radiation field. </jats:p
LNS 17.3
No full textNotes on LNS 17.3 contributors, subscription information, editorial policy and notes for contributor
Relativity of suspicious LNs on US with positive LNs burden on pathology.
No full textRelativity of suspicious LNs on US with positive LNs burden on pathology.</p
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of No.10 LNs for R0 group in patients with histological evidence of LNs structure in No.10 LNs.
No full text<p>Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of No.10 LNs for R0 group in patients with histological evidence of LNs structure in No.10 LNs.</p
Immune response in thoracic LNs of cynomolgus macaques with granulomas.
No full textCytokine production in thoracic LN with granuloma in response to ESAT6+CFP10 (A-B) or PDBu and ionomycin (C-E) between LNs with bacterial burden (CFU+, red) and those that cleared (CFU-, blue). A. Frequency of CD11b+ cells producing IL-10 (n = 10 macaques; 27 LNs); B. Frequency of CD4+ T cells producing TNF (n = 24 macaques; 48 LNs). C. Frequency of CD3+ cells producing IFNγ(n = 12 macaques; 35 LNs); D. Frequency of CD8+ cells producing IFNγ(n = 12 macaques, 34 LNs) IL-2 (n = 10 macaques; 28 LNs) and TNF (n = 12 macaques; 34 LNs); E. Frequency of CD20+ cells producing IL-2 (n = 11 macaques; 20 LNs). Each symbol represents a LN. Statistical test is Mann-Whitney.</p
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