1,721,247 research outputs found
Brevetto Europeo e “patent gap” tra Europa e Stati Uniti: quale aiuto dal Brevetto Comunitario?
No full textTendenze dell’industria italiana. Confindustria, Centro Stud
Academic entrepreneurship, patents, and spin-offs: critical issues and lessons for Europe
No full textKnowledge networks from patent data: methodological issues and research targets
No full textThe application of patent citation analysis to the study of knowledge diffusion has not yet reached firm conclusions. Controversy still flourish on whether the interpretation of citations as ‘paper trails’ left by interpersonal knowledge flow is legitimate.
In this paper we have stressed that much of the debate depends on the popularity and the peculiarities of the US patent system, whose limitations may not affect the European one. In particular, many efforts placed on distinguishing between inventors’ and examiners’ citations are pointless when using EPO data. We have also stressed how the same efforts can indeed be judged excessive for the purpose of using USPO data, as long as one recognizes that knowledge of the technical contents of a patent may travel independently from information on the existence of that patent, or from exact references to the relevant documents.
Social network analysis can be more decisive, for at least three reasons. First and foremost, because it recognizes that information may travel from inventor to inventor not only directly, but also indirectly, via complex social chains. Second, because inventors, at least in R&D and patent intensive fields, may well represent a ‘community of experts’, that is a meaningful unit of analysis. Third, because a methodology has emerged from the recent literature, which allows us to test the influence of social distance on citation probabilities. When applied to EPO data, that methodology confirms that short social chains of inventors are indeed more likely to generate citations than unconnected inventors
From publishing to patenting: do productive scientists turn into academic inventors?
No full textThe paper contributes to ongoing debate on the relationship between publishing and patenting in university. By applying event history analysis to patent and publication data for a sample of Italian academic scientists, we show that more productive scientists are more likely to become academic inventors, to no detriment of their orientation towards basic research. Research co-operation with industry is a useful predictor of patenting, when IPRs are owned by business companies
University patenting and scientific productivity. A quantitative study of Italian academic inventors
No full textBased on longitudinal data for a matched sample of 592 Italian academic inventors and controls, the paper explores the impact of patenting on university professors' scientific productivity, as measured by publication and citation counts. Academic inventors, that is, university professors who appear as designated inventors on at least one patent application, publish more and better quality papers than their non-patenting colleagues, and increase their productivity after patenting. Endogeneity problems are addressed by using instrumental variables and applying inverse probability of treatment weights. The beneficial effect of patenting on publication rates last longer for serial academic inventors. However, the positive effect of patenting on scientific productivity largely differs across scientific fields, being particularly strong only in pharmaceuticals and electronics
Brevetti universitari e economia della ricerca in Italia, Europa e Stati Uniti. Una rassegna dell’evidenza recente
No full textThe paper examines the most recent empirical studies on the impact of university patenting on the economics of public research. Most contributions discuss the controversial effects of the Bayh-Dole Act in the US, or attempt to measure the scope of university patenting in Europe. We highlight two main research lines. The first one deals with the possibility that patenting research tools may slow down scientific progress, whose cumulative nature requires free access to the stock of existing knowledge. The second comprises works that attempt to test the impact of patenting on the scientists’ publication activity, at the individual level. It is shown that academic inventors publish more frequently than their peers who do not contribute to patenting; and that no apparent trade-off exists between publishing and patenting activities. On the contrary, a moderate trade-off exists at the systemic level, due to the fact that the existence of patents in given research field discourages other scientists to join the field, thus limiting the cumulative process of scientific advancement
Success and failure in the development of biotechnology clusters: the case of Lombardy
No full textThis paper discusses the development of the biotechnology industry in an Italian region,
Lombardy. More specifically, it asks why significant innovative and commercial activities in
biotechnology did not emerge in what might have been considered at the outset a promising area for
the growth of this industry and why in very recent years some timid symptoms of dynamism seem
to be appearing
L’attività brevettuale dei docenti universitari: L’Italia in un confronto internazionale
No full textThe geography of knowledge spillovers: The role of inventors’ mobility across firms and in space
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