39,668 research outputs found
Comparison of Treatment Outcomes of Imipramine for Female Genuine Stress Inconrinence
No full textComparison of treatment outcomes of imipramine for female genuine stress inconrinence Objective To assess the efficacy of imipramine as a treatment of genuine stress incontinence and to explore the possible determining factors for treatment success and failure. Design A prospective study. Setting University department of obstetrics and gynaecology. Participants Forty women with genuine stress incontinence were enrolled. Methods Each woman was treated with 25 mg imipramine three times a day for three months Main outcome measures Each woman had a 20-minute pad test and urodynamic study including uroflowmetry, both filling and voiding cystometry, and stress urethral pressure profile before and after treatment. Results After treatment, 35% (n = 14) were cured, 25% (n = 10) improved by > 50% and in the remain- ing 40% (n = 16) treatment failed. The efficacy of successful treatment was 60% (95% Cl 44-8-75-2). The median age and parity, as well as menopausal status, showed no statistical differences between the two groups. The pre-treatment data including pad weight , functional urethral length, maximal ure- thral pressure, bladder compliance at urgency, bladder capacity, and average and maximal flow rates showed no statistical differences between the two groups except urethral closure pressure (P =0 -001). Besides, the functional urethral length and urethral closure pressure were significantly improved in the treatment success group. After medication, the median functional urethral length was 3 cm (intraquantile range [IQR] 2-3-3) in the treatment success group vs 2-3 cm (IQR 2-3) in the treatment failure group (P = 0-028). The urethral closure pressure was 77 cmH@ O (IQR 61-105) for the treat- ment success group vs 40 cmH@ O(IQR 34-53) in the treatment failure group (P < 0-0001). Conclusions The efficacy of imipramine for genuine stress incontinence was 60% (95% Cl44-8 -75-2) The pre-treatment high urethral closure pressure may serve as a predictor for treatment success
Mechanism of Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus
No full textMechanism of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus. Abstract Objective: To assess urodynamic study results in patients with cervical cancer who had received radical hysterec- tomy or pelvic irradiation or radical hysterectomy with pelvic irradiation. Methods: Forty-two patients with stage IB cervical cancer after radical hysterectomy (group A ), II patients at stage IB or IIA after pelvic irradiation ( group B), 15 patients at stage IB or IIA after both radical hysterectomy and pelvic irradiation (group C) and 17 patients at stage IB before treatment (group D) as control were recruited for urodynamic examination. The evaluations for each case included a 20-min pad test, uroflowmetry, both filling and voiding cystometry, and stress urethral pressure profile. ANOVA method with Bonferroni test and Pearson @- test were utilized for statistical analysis. Results: The mean ages in sequential groups A, B, C and D were 52.9 @ 10. 2, 62.5 @ 13.5, 49.8 @ 11.7 and 49.4 @ 12.5 years (P = 0.02), respectively. The occurring frequency of either detrusor instability or low bladder compliance was 57 %, 45%, 80% and 24%, respectively. Each group revealed decreased bladder capacity as 268.4 @ 102.8, 164.1 @ 62.9, 233.5 @ 73.9 and 293.0 @ 47.2 ml (P 50 ml) was 41%, 27%, 40% and 24%. Although each case showed a poor pressure transmission ratio (< 100%), the frequency of positive pad test in each group was 81%, 46%, 100% and 18% (P < 0.001). The functional urethral length decreased in each group and was 2.6 @ 0.8, 2.3 @ 0.8, 2.5 @ 0.8 and 2.9 @ 0.6 cm, but there were no significant differences in maximal urethral pressure or urethral closure pressure among the four groups. Conclusions: Our data show that abnormal urodynamic findings pre-exist in patients with cervical cancer before treatment especially in bladder storing function, and that these findings may worsen , or that new abnormal findings may happen after radical hysterectomy or pelvic irradiation, or both. @ 1998 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Keywords: Urodynamic study; Cervical cancer; Radical hysterectomy; Pelvic irradiationhave pointed out that least microtransfusion from mother to fetus occurs in elective cesarean delivery than other three modes of delivery-emergent cesarean delivery, normal spontaneous delivery and vacuum or froceps delivery@. In summary, perinatal HCV transmission from HCV-infected but anti-HIV- negative mothers dose exist, albeit uncommonly, and a high- titer maternal viremia with normal spontaneous delivery may allow more HCV to infect the neonate intrapartum, therefore establishing perinatal treasmis- sion. In addition, elective cesarean delivery for high-titer viremic mothers can prevent the occurrence of perinatal HCV transmission
Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Fesoterodine in Asian Patients with Overactive Bladder
No full textObjectives: To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fesoterodine 4 and 8 mg once daily QD compared with placebo in Asian subjects with overactive bladder OAB after 12 weeks of treatment. Methods: This phase II, dose-finding study consisted of a 2-week placebo run-in period followed by a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled , treatment period. Eligible subjects were aged >= 20 years with >= 8 micturitions per 24 h and >= 1 urgency urinary incontinence UUI episodes per 24 h reported in a 3-day diary . The subjects were randomized to receive placebo, fesoterodine 4 mg, or fesoterodine 8 mg QD for 12 weeks. Results: Of 1232 subjects who entered the placebo run-in period, 951 received double-blind treatment. The mean number of UUI episodes per 24 h at baseline was 2.2 among the three treatment groups. The two fesoterodine groups showed statistically significant decreases from baseline in the mean number of UUI episodes per 24 h at week 12 primary endpoint compared with placebo. Most all-causality adverse events e. g. dry mouth and constipation were mild or moderate. The percentage of subjects with severe adverse events was low and similar among the treatment groups placebo, 1. 3%; fesoterodine 4 mg, 1.9%; fesoterodine 8 mg, 1 .0%. Conclusion: Fesoterodine 4 and 8 mg QD were significantly better than placebo in improving OAB symptoms. Overall, the two fesoterodine dosing regimens were well tolerated. These results suggest that fesoterodine 4 and 8 mg QD are effective and well-tolerated treatments for OAB in Asian subjects
Secular Trend of Age-Specific Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface and E Antigenemia in Pregnant Women in Taiwan
No full textSecular trend of age-specific prevalence of hepatitis B surface and e antigenemia in pregnant women in Taiwa
Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho 2003
No full textCaligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003 (Fig. 24) Syn: Caligus sp. 1. Roubal, Armitage & Rohde, 1983 Material examined. 1♀ from Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) (TC17525) 23 June 2016, QM Reg. No. W53060; 1♀ from Sillago ciliata Cuvier, 1829 (TC17557-8) 24 June 2016, NHMUK Reg. No. 2017.251; 1♀ from Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787) (TC17806) 2 July 2016, NHMUK Reg. No. 2017.248; 1♀ from Acanthopagrus australis (TC17816) 3 July 2016, QM Reg. No. W53061; 2♀♀ from Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (TC17899) 5 July 2016, NHMUK Reg. Nos 2017.252–253; 2♀♀ from Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) (TC17933) 5 July 2016, NHMUK Reg. Nos 2017.249–250. Site on host. Body surface. Differential diagnosis. Cephalothorax dorsoventrally flattened with well-developed marginal membranes; frontal plates with lunules. Genital complex just slightly wider than long (Fig. 24A); abdomen 1-segmented, 1.85 times longer than wide; genital complex about 1.4 times longer than abdomen. Antenna with small, pointed posterior process on proximal segment (Fig. 24B). Post-antennal process with weakly curved tine; associated papillae bisensillate with unusually long sensillae (Fig. 24B). Maxilliped of female with smooth myxal margin. Sternal furca with long, slender, slightly incurved tines (Fig. 24C). Distal exopodal segment of leg 1 with 3 plumose setae on posterior margin; distal spine 1 simple, about same length as spines 2 and 3 (Fig. 24D), each armed with accessory process; seta 4 about twice as long as spines and markedly longer than segment. Leg 2 with fine setules along margins of endopodal segments 1, 2 and 3; outer spines on exopodal segments 1 and 2 lying obliquely across axis of ramus; proximal outer spine on exopodal segment 3 curved and well developed, lying across blunt distal spine (Fig. 24E). Leg 3 with 3-segmented exopod; first exopodal segment bearing small straight outer spine but no inner seta; second segment with outer spine and inner plumose seta; third segment with 3 subequal outer spines, plus 4 plumose setae; endopod 2-segmented; first segment forming velum, and armed with inner seta; distal endopodal segment with swollen lateral margin and bearing 6 plumose setae. Leg 4 uniramous (Fig. 24F), 3-segmented; first and second exopodal segments with I and IV spines, respectively; each spine with pecten on surface of segment adjacent to base. Mean body length of female 3.34 mm, range 3.15 to 3.85 mm (based on 8 specimens). Remarks. One of the most characteristic features of C. chiastos is the form of the outer margin spines on the third exopodal segment of leg 2. Unusually, the proximal spine on this segment is curved and slightly longer than the straight distal spine (Fig. 24E). The significance of this feature in distinguishing C. chiastos from the closely related C. acanthopagri Lin, Ho & Chen, 1994 was emphasized by Ho & Lin (2004). Caligus chrysophrysi is very similar to C. chiastos. Indeed, the differences in body proportions are trivial. When C. chiastos was established, Lin & Ho (2003) presented detailed comparisons with C. acanthopagri Lin, Ho & Chen, 1994 but did not compare their material with C. chrysophrysi. Pillai (1985) only had a single female and presented an incomplete description of C. chrysophrysi, but it agrees with that of C. chiastos in every important respect, including the form of the proximal outer spine on the distal exopodal segment of leg 2, which is as long as the distal spine and curves across its surface, as highlighted by Lin & Ho (2003). It is possible that C. chiastos is a junior synonym of C. chrysophrysi, but the species are maintained as separate here on the basis of female body size: the females of C. chiastos range from 3.15 to 3.85 mm whereas female C. chrysophrysi is only 2.1 mm in length according to Pillai (1985). In addition, the lateral spine on the compound distal exopodal segment of leg 4 reaches well beyond the base of the outermost distal spine in C. chiastos (Fig. 24F) but barely reaches this spine in C. chrysophrysi. Caligus chiastos is a pest of both farmed and cultured marine teleost fishes (Hayward et al. 2008; Venmathi Maran et al., 2009). It was described by Lin & Ho (2003) to accommodate specimens of both sexes collected from the haemulid, Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) in Taiwanese waters. Lin & Ho (2003) also noted that the female caligid reported as Caligus sp. 1 by Roubal et al. (1983) could also be attributed to this species. Roubal et al. ’s (1983) material was collected from the sparid Pagrus auratus (as Chrysophrys auratus) caught off Coff’s Harbour (NSW) in Australian waters. Ho & Lin (2004) listed three additional hosts, Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 (Carangidae), Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Sciaenidae) and Pelates quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) (Terapontidae) from Taiwan, and it has since been reported from cultured Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) (Lutjanidae) in Malaysia (Venmathi Maran et al., 2009). This species is a known pest of farmed fish in Australian waters, including Argyrosomus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Sciaenidae), Seriola lalandi (Carangidae), and Thunnus maccoyii (Scombridae) (Hayward et al. 2007, 2008). In addition, early records of C. elongatus and C. rapax from Australian waters (e.g. Heegaard, 1962; Munday et al., 2003; Nowak, 2004) can also, in all probability, be considered as belonging to C. chiastos (Hayward et al. 2008). In Moreton Bay C. chiastos was found on Abudefduf bengalensis (Pomacentridae), Acanthopagrus australis, Lutjanus fulviflamma, Lagocephalus lunaris (Tetraodontidae), Sillago ciliata (Sillaginidae) and Aetobatus ocellatus (Myliobatidae). Having been reported from at least eleven families of actinopterygian fishes, and now from an elasmobranch, it appears that C. chiastos exhibits relatively low host specificity.Published as part of Boxshall, Geoff, 2018, The sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) of Moreton Bay (Queensland, Australia), with descriptions of thirteen new species, pp. 1-172 in Zootaxa 4398 (1) on pages 52-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4398.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/120295
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