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Contributo clinico sull’uso dell’hCG per il trattamento delle cisti follicolari nella gatta
No full textRelationship between motility and mitochondrial functional status in canine spermatozoa.
No full textAbstract: Inner mitochondrial membrane potential (IMM) is considered a sensitive indicator for the energetic status and motility of spermatozoa. The relationship between sperm motility parameters evaluated by Computer Assisted Sperm motility Analyzer and plasma membrane integrity and IMM assessed by triple staining (PI/SYBR-14 and JC-1) was evaluated in 10 dogs of unknown fertility. Sperm motility showed large variations ranging from 10% to 98%. Proportion of viable sperm cells and of spermatozoa with high IMM ranged from 74% to 99% and from 53% to 87%, respectively. The presence of a high IMM assessed by JC-1 was more strongly correlated to sperm viability (r = 1) than to sperm motility (r = 0.778). Our results indicate that JC-1 is suitable for detection of IMM changes in canine spermatozoa, but it should always be associated with an objective motility analysis to avoid incorrect evaluation of potential sperm fertility. Ejaculates with a low motility rate showed an unexpectedly high proportion of sperm with high IMM, suggesting that mitochondrial respiration could not be sufficient to support sperm motility, although it may be important for sperm survival in the female genital tract
Chemical castration by intra-testicular injection of acalcium chloride in alcohol solution in dogs
No full textAn affordable and effective non-surgical technique for achieving male
dog sterility is needed to solve the problem of overpopulation. The
efficacy of 20% calcium chloride in pure alcohol solution, injected into
the testicular parenchyma, as a method for chemical castration, was
evaluated. Twenty-one dogs of mixed breed, 4.7 ± 1.23 years old,
20 ± 5.84 kg of body weight, with good clinical conditions and
normal reproductive parameters, were lightly sedated and injected into
the dorsocranial portion of both testes with a solution of 20% calcium
chloride dihyrdate in ethanol (95%). The dose injected corresponds
with the testicular width (19–22 mm receive 0.8 ml; 23 and above
1 ml). Semen evaluation was performed by CASA (Computer Assisted
Sperm Analysis) system at day 30–60–90. The animals in the control
group received a single bilateral intratesticular injection of 1 ml sterile
saline solution (testicular width 23 mm and above). Forty-eight hours
after the injection, dogs showed very light discomfort at palpation and
testicular tumefaction, which regressed within 3 days. At day 30,
testicular ultrasonography revealed bilateral more dense nodular
lesions; prostatic volume and parenchyma were normal. Semen
evaluation showed azoospermia at day 30–60 and 90. The sperm
count was decreased significantly (p < 01) in all the CaCl2 treated
dogs in comparison to saline solution control animals. At day 90
testicles were shrunk at palpation. An intratesticular injection of 20%
calcium chloride in pure alcohol solution, as a method for chemical
castration, was effective and economical for the sterilization of male
dogs. It is free from pain and chronic stress and will contribute to a
simple alternative method to surgical castration. The dogs of this study
are under evaluation to study this solution long term effect (1 year)
Therapeutic ultrasound as a potential male dog contraceptive:comparison of application protocols
No full textAn ideal contraceptive for male dogs should be 100% efficient,
irreversible, inexpensive and with no side effects. Ultrasound was used
as a male contraceptive in several species, including dogs. Studies are
needed to determine minimal number of treatments, interval between
treatments, part of testes that requires treatment, frequency or power
of ultrasonic wave exposure and many more need to be investigated
before its application in practice. A previous study concluded that
three treatments of 5 min/treatment per day (2.5 cm2 transducer,
1 MHz, 1.5 W/cm2) are ineffective. In this trial, effects of two testicular
ultrasound exposure protocols (differing in ultrasound treatment
length and number of applications) on testicular size, consistency
and volume, and sperm concentration and motility were evaluated.
Twenty dogs were divided in two equal groups- A and B. All subjects
were exposed to 1.5 Wcm2 of ultrasound on each testicle using Vetrison
Portable ultrasound (Physiomed Elektromedizin AG, Germany;
2.5 cm2 transducer). Dogs in group-A received ultrasound for 5 min
on alternate days for one week and dogs in group-B received
ultrasound for 15 min inutes twice a day on alternate days. Sperm
concentrations and motility evaluations were made before and 25 days
after the end of treatments. Length and testicular width were
echographically measured to calculate the volume. Semen collected
was examined by using an integrated visual optical system for semen
analysis for sperm concentration and for percentage of total and
progressively motile sperms. All dogs were castrated at day 40 and
gonads were collected for histological examination. Data concerning
testicular volume were statistically analyzed with ‘Wilcoxon matched
pairs signed rank sum’ test (p £ 0.05); semen evaluation was statistically
analyzed with ANOVA test (p £ 0.01). After ultrasound treatment,
all dogs showed no local or systemic adverse effects, and no pain
or skin burns. However, dogs in group A exhibited marked tenderness
of testicles at palpation. Group A dogs showed a statistically
significant reduction of the volume of both testis (left 9.6 ± 3.7 vs.
5.5 ± 3.6/cm3; right 9.6 ± 2.7 vs. 3.6 ± 1.4/cm3; p £ 0.05) while no
reduction in testicular volume was noticed in dogs in group (left:
9.1 ± 1.4 vs. 9.2 ± 1.6/cm3; right: 9.3 ± 1.5 vs. 9.4 ± 1.7/cm3).
Before the US treatment, mean volume of ejaculates was 10 ± 3.5 ml,
sperm concentration was 300.8 ± 24.8 · 106/ml with an average
percentage of total and progressive motile sperms of 88.2 ± 4.5 and
59.3 ± 5.3, respectively. After the ultrasound treatment, a zero sperm
count was noticed in group A dogs (p £ 0.01), and no variation in B
group. Histology evaluation showed interstitial fibrosis, widespread
tubular atrophy and hyalinization of the basement membranes in
group-A dogs and no changes were observed in group-B dogs. Our
results demonstrated that ultrasound treatment for 5 min on alternate
days for one week leads to irreversible testis damage consistent with
permanent sterilization, while reducing the number of applicationseven
with a longer treatment was ineffective on dog fertilit
Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) as an useful biomarker in preventive screening programme of canine prostate: CPSE threshold value assessment and its correlation with ultrasonographic prostatic abnormalities in asymptomatic dogs
Full text linkDue to the increased attention that pet-owners
devote to their animals and to the
improved veterinary care, investigations regarding methods to early detect prostatic
disorders that might affect canine life quality have been performed. Canine prostate
specific esterase (CPSE) concentration was reported to be higher in dogs suffering
from prostatic diseases. This study aimed to estimate the CPSE threshold as a biomarker
to early identify prostatic diseases in asymptomatic dogs. The ultrasonographic
examination of the prostate was performed in 19 dogs (6–40 kg; 1–5 years)
with no symptoms of prostatic diseases. Dogs were grouped according to the presence
(Group A) or absence (Group B) of prostatic disorders at the ultrasound (altered
appearance, the presence of cysts or irregular borders). For each dog, a venous blood
sample was collected to measure serum CPSE and the ratio between calculated and
normal expected prostatic volume was assessed for each dog. The CPSE data were
statistically analysed (t test, p < .05), and the CPSE threshold in blood serum between
groups was calculated by ROC. In 11 dogs, ultrasonography showed signs of prostatic
abnormalities (Group A, 2–5 years), while no signs were detected in eight dogs (Group
B, 1–3 years). The calculated/estimated volume ratio resulted greater than 1.5 in
Group A dogs. The CPSE was statistically different between groups (p < .0001): higher
in Group A (mean = 184.9, SD = 126 ng/ml) than in Group B (38.9 ± 22.1 ng/ml). The
cut-off
CPSE threshold was 52.3 ng/ml (ROC, AUC = 0.974, SE 95.6%, SP 89.2%).
This study suggests that CPSE serum concentration higher than 50 ng/ml in asymptomatic
dogs is associated with ultrasonographic alterations and increased the prostatic
size (volume by 1.5 times greater than the normal size). As the onset of prostatic disorders
often remains asymptomatic, the rapid assessment of CPSE could be suitable
for selecting preventively those animals that would require further accurate
evaluation
Therapeutic ultrasound as a potential male dog contracceptive state of the art
No full textABSTRACT - The purpose of this review article is to present a 50-year perspective of
research on mechanical method for limiting male dog reproduction by the use of
therapeutic ultrasound. Ultrasound's potential as a male contraceptive was first reported
by Fahim et al. in 1977 where it was shown that a single application could result in a
reversible dramatic loss of germ cells. If the method can be made permanent, a noninvasive
method for controlling domestic pet populations could be developed, although
standard treatment is not yet identified. More recent studies in 2000s by our research
group demonstrated that tree treatmen
Unsual giant cyst as a consequence of the ovarian remnant syndrome in a bitch
No full textThe canine ovary is a common place for the development of cystic structures with an incidence of80% of all canine ovaries diseases (Dow, 1960). In the bitch, the cystic pathology of the ovary includes ovarian, epithelial and stromal cysts, and paraovaric cysts (McEntee et al., 1990). Those cysts are stromal, classically distinct in follicular and luteinic. Parovarian cysts originating from remnants of mesonephric or paramesonephric tubules and ducts can also occur adjacent to the ovaries (Johnston et al. 2001 )
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