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The Nascent Kuroshio of Lamon Bay
No full textA northward flowing current, emanating from the North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcation at the Philippine margin, enters Lamon Bay along Luzon's eastern coast. There the NEC tropical water masses merge with subtropical water of the western North Pacific to form the Kuroshio. A northward flowing western boundary current is first observed near 16.5°N, marking the initiation of the Kuroshio. The current feeding into the nascent Kuroshio of Lamon Bay is bracketed by an anticyclonic dipole to its northeast and a cyclonic dipole to its southwest. Ship based observational programs in the spring seasons of 2011 and 2012, detect a shift of the Lamon Bay thermohaline stratification with marked enrichment of NEC tropical thermocline water in 2012 relative to a dominant western North Pacific subtropical stratification of 2011. Temperature - salinity time series from moorings spanning the two ship based observations, identify the timing of the transition as December 2011. The NEC bifurcation was further south in May 2012 than in May 2011. We suggest that the more southern bifurcation in May 2012 induced increased NEC thermocline water injection into Lamon Bay and nascent Kuroshio, increasing the linkage of the western North Pacific subtropical and tropical thermoclines. This connection was reduced in May 2011 as the NEC bifurcation shifted into a more northerly position and western North Pacific subtropical thermocline dominated Lamon Bay stratification
The Virome of ‘Lamon Bean’: Application of MinION Sequencing to Investigate the Virus Population Associated with Symptomatic Beans in the Lamon Area, Italy
No full text‘Lamon bean’ is a protected geographical indication (PGI) for a product of four varieties of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in a specific area of production, which is located in the Belluno district, Veneto region (N.E. of Italy). In the last decade, the ‘Lamon bean’ has been threatened by severe virus epidemics that have compromised its profitability. In this work, the full virome of seven bean samples showing different foliar symptoms was obtained by MinION sequencing. Evidence that emerged from sequencing was validated through RT-PCR and ELISA in a large number of plants, including different ecotypes of Lamon bean and wild herbaceous hosts that may represent a virus reservoir in the field. Results revealed the presence of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), peanut stunt virus (PSV), and bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), which often occurred as mixed infections. Moreover, both CMV and PSV were reported in association with strain-specific satellite RNAs (satRNAs). In conclusion, this work sheds light on the cause of the severe diseases affecting the ‘Lamon bean’ by exploitation of MinION sequencing
The Virome of ‘Lamon Bean’: Application of MinION Sequencing to Investigate the Virus Population Associated with Symptomatic Beans in the Lamon Area, Italy
No full text‘Lamon bean’ is a protected geographical indication (PGI) for a product of four varieties of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in a specific area of production, which is located in the Belluno district, Veneto region (N.E. of Italy). In the last decade, the ‘Lamon bean’ has been threatened by severe virus epidemics that have compromised its profitability. In this work, the full virome of seven bean samples showing different foliar symptoms was obtained by MinION sequencing. Evidence that emerged from sequencing was validated through RT-PCR and ELISA in a large number of plants, including different ecotypes of Lamon bean and wild herbaceous hosts that may represent a virus reservoir in the field. Results revealed the presence of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), peanut stunt virus (PSV), and bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), which often occurred as mixed infections. Moreover, both CMV and PSV were reported in association with strain-specific satellite RNAs (satRNAs). In conclusion, this work sheds light on the cause of the severe diseases affecting the ‘Lamon bean’ by exploitation of MinION sequencing
Effect of Finnsheep crossbreeding on Lamon sheep performance: in vivo traits
No full textThe objective of this trial was the comparison of the in vivo traits of Lamon (L), a local meat breed of the Eastern Italia Alps, and Finnsheep X Lamon (F x L) fattening lambs. Forty-one lambs (25 L and 16 F x L) of both sexes were weaned at 8 weeks of age and fattened for 14 weeks. The diet (11,6 MJ/kg d.m.M.E.) consisted of maize silage ad lib., 200 g/d of dried sugar beet pulp, 150 g/d of soybean meal and 30 g/d supplement. F x L lambs grew slightly more than L lambs (197 vs 176 g/d; P .1) while M.E. requirements for growth, estimated assuming a maintenance requirement of.44 MJ • d-1 • kg-1 • L.W.-75, resulted higher (+7 %) for F x L than for L lambs (2.18 vs 2.04 MJ • kgDG • kg-1 • L.W.-75; P < .1). The ram-lambs showed superior growth potential and feed efficiency in respect to the ewe-lambs. In conclusion it appears that crossbreeding with Finnsheep is not detrimental to the in vivo performance of fattening Lamon lambs except for a slight increase of the energy requirements for growth
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R/V Revelle, cruise 1107, Lamon Bay, Kaohsiung to Kaohsiung, 18 May - 6 June 2011, Personnel exchange at Port Irene, Philippines on 19 May and 4 June
No full textThe circulation within Lamon Bay (defined here as west of 124°E, south of 18°N, north of 14°N) is vigorous, with surface layer currents often between 1 and 2 kts. The Kuroshio at 18.35°N (northeastern tip of Luzon) was nearly 3 kts at the sea surface, and extended to ~350 m. Within Lamon Bay are 2 energetic gyres or dipoles that bracket a northwestward stream into the Kuroshio. These features extend to only 150-200 m. The cyclonic dipole is within the southern tier of Lamon Bay; the much more energetic anticyclonic dipole is to the north of the Kuroshio feeder stream. This sets up a bifurcation along the western boundary of Lamon Bay, near 16°-17°N, which is likely more relevant to the Kuroshio than the bifurcation near 13°N. The first occurrence of (what I would call) the Kuroshio is at the 16.5°N western boundary. The vorticity transfer linking the nascent Kuroshio to the dipoles needs to be considered in understanding the origin of the Kuroshio. The Lamon Bay dipole has a branch entering into Polillo Strait, and then exported from the shelf north of Calagua Island, introducing low salinity surface water into the Lamon Bay cyclonic dipole. Lamon Bay is a confluence of waters from different ocean regimes that then contribute to the Kuroshio. The Kuroshio off the northeastern point of Luzon is mainly drawn from North Pacific subtropical water (subtropical component of the North Equatorial Current) and western North Pacific Kuroshio recirculation. Input from the equatorial component of the North Equatorial Current, derived from the bifurcation near 13°N, is small. From continuity it is limited in the long-term to compensate for the loss of upper kilometer water form the North Pacific: Bering Strait export to the Arctic and export of North Pacific Intermediate water to the Mindanao Current; estimate: ~ 4 Sv. The Lamon Bay project mooring will provide 1-year record of the dipoles and Kuroshio feeder stream behavior; Lamon Bay 2012 cruise will provide another snapshot to test the concepts drawn from the Lamon Bay 2011 cruise
Improving the prediction of environmental fate of engineered nanomaterials by fractal modelling
No full textA critical analysis of the available engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) environmental fate modelling approaches indicates that existing tools do not satisfactorily account for the complexities of nanoscale phenomena. Fractal modelling (FM) can complement existing kinetic fate models by including more accurate interpretations of shape and structure, density and collision efficiency parameters to better describe homo- and heteroaggregation. Pathways to including hierarchical symmetry concepts and a route to establishing a structural classification of nanomaterials based on FM are proposed.A critical analysis of the available engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) environmental fate modelling approaches indicates that existing tools do not satisfactorily account for the complexities of nanoscale phenomena. Fractal modelling (FM) can complement existing kinetic fate models by including more accurate interpretations of shape and structure, density and collision efficiency parameters to better describe homo- and heteroaggregation. Pathways to including hierarchical symmetry concepts and a route to establishing a structural classification of nanomaterials based on FM are proposed. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd
EFFECT OF FINNSHEEP CROSSBREEDING ON LAMON SHEEP PERFORMANCE - POST-MORTEM TRAITS
No full textThis experiment was conducted in order to study the effects of crossbreeding of the local breed Lamon (L) with Finnsheep (F),on the post-mortem performance of F, lambs (F x L). Nine L and 8 F x L ram-lambs were fattened with a diet (11.6 MJ M.E./kg d.m.) based on maize silage, dried sugar beet pulp and soybean meal, and slaughtered at 40.5 ± 5.9 kg live weight at the age of 22 weeks. Genotype did not affect dressing percentage on empty body weight (E.B.W.) but the crossbred lambs showed a lower incidence of the pelt (18,4 vs 20.2 % on E.B.W.;
Analysis of multiple crack initiation and propagation in glass/epoxy woven fabrics under cyclic loadings
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