1,721,027 research outputs found
Caratterizzazione degli oggetti mediante analisi di immagine
No full text1. Generalità sull’analisi di immagine;
2. Metodologie di analisi di immagine;
3. Metodologie di ricognizione di morfologie;
4. Metodologie di misurazione di proprietà ottiche e morfologiche;
5. Definizione di un programma di sperimentazione;
6. Regolazione e calibrazione degli strumenti:
6.1. Strumenti di ripresa;
6.2. Sistema di illuminazione;
7. Correlazione tra proprietà fisiche, ottiche e morfologiche;
8. Procedure di classificazione;
8.1. Estrazione delle caratteristiche significative;
8.2. Algoritmi di classificazione;
9. Applicazione alla valorizzazione delle georisorse:
9.1. Caratterizzazione di materiali granulati (sabbie) in situ;
9.2. Caratterizzazione di materiali in flusso;
9.3. Caratterizzazione di materiali di recupero;
10. Risultati e conclusioni.1. Introduction to image analysis;
2. Image analysis methods;
3. Morphologies recognition methods;
4. Optical and morphological properties measurement methods;
5. Experimental program definition;
6. Instruments setting and calibration:
6.1. Shooting instruments;
6.2. Illumination system;
7. Physical, optical and morphological properties correlation;
8. Classification procedures;
8.1. Pattern vector definition;
8.2. Classification algorithms;
9. Application to geo-resorcesexploitation:
9.1. Granular matter (sand) in-situ characterization;
9.2. Flowing materials characterization;
9.3. Recovered material characterization;
10. Results and conclusion
LiSUM project, Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation Window
No full textThe fellowship is aimed to contribute in a research program at University of Nanjing, for both the purposes of teaching and research in the field of application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to civil/industrial process analysis and to input/output stream optimization aimed to environmental impact minimization, with particular attention to economic valuation of environmental damage. It is an original approach in its application, which may open new and important research horizons. The proposed methodology can be applied both to optimize industrial processes (for good or service production) and to analyze alternative scenarios for decision-making in environmental policy. . Furthermore, the fellowship is aimed to stimulate NJU staff’s interest in environmental issues, to encourage cultural and educational transformation of China and to improve the international cooperation between universities
Metalli essenziali. Rischi ed opportunità per l’Italia nel quadro delle strategie europee
No full textNegli ultimi anni, si è verificata una rapida espansione nel mercato delle alte tecnologie, per fronteggiare la quale è cresciuta di conseguenza la domanda di materie prime, soprattutto di metalli, per cui i Paesi europei in particolare rilevano un elevato tasso di dipendenza dalle importazioni. Attualmente l’Europa, infatti, gioca un ruolo da protagonista nel mercato delle alte tecnologie a basso impatto ambientale, in cui è
richiesto l’impiego di metalli ad alta performance, definiti “essenziali” in quanto caratterizzati da scarsità di riserve a livello mondiale, spesso concentrate in Paesi con fragile stabilità politica ed economica, oltre che da bassi tassi di recupero e riciclaggio. Tali circostanze hanno sollevato preoccupazioni diffuse per i rischi
associati alla catena di approvvigionamento di tali metalli, al loro impatto sulle politiche nazionali e per le ripercussioni su innovazione e crescita economica. Per affrontare tali questioni, molti governi hanno sviluppato strategie per fronteggiare eventuali restrizioni nell’approvvigionamento dei metalli essenziali.
La stessa UE ha emanato recentemente una serie di documenti, a partire dall’Iniziativa sulle Materie Prime (CE, 2008),che ha prodotto il Report sulle Materie Prime Essenziali (CE, 2010) sviluppato dal “Raw Materials Supply Group” e la comunicazione del 2011 (CE, 2011), in cui sono state identificate le azioni prioritarie.
In questo lavoro, nel quadro delle strategie europee, verrà focalizzata la situazione italiana, evidenziando criticità da un lato e politiche e strategie dall’altro
Treatment and valorization plants in materials recovery supply chain
Full text linkAim of industrial symbiosis is to create synergies between industries in order to exchange resources (by-products, water and energy) through geographic proximity and collaboration [1]. By optimizing resource flows in a “whole-system approach”, a minimization of dangerous emissions and of supply needs can be achieved. Resources exchanges are established to facilitate recycling and re-use of industrial waste using a commercial vehicle. Several paths can be identified in order to establish an industrial symbiosis network (Figure 1, left), in relation (i) to the life cycle phase (raw material, component, product) and (ii) to the nature (material, water, energy) of the resource flows to be exchanged. Sometimes by-products and/or waste of an industrial process have to be treated and valorized in order to become the raw materials for others. In particular, two main treatment processes can be identified: refurbishment/upgrade for re-use (Figure 1, center) and recycling for material recovery (Figure 1, right). A brief overview of technological and economic aspects is given, together with their relevance to industrial symbiosis
Separating pro-environment technologies for waste treatment, soil and sediments remediation
No full textWhen dealing with environmental issues, most of the times it is necessary to deal with contaminants or pollutants, which have to be removed from waste materials or from natural matrices. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved
The control of separation processes in mechanical recycling of waste refrigerators by partition function
No full textThe recycling of e-waste in general allows the recovery of valuable materials, which can be reused as secondary raw materials. However this implies, to adopt reliable treatment processes to achieve specific standard characteristics. Actually, the market standards are very strict and strongly affect the economic value of recovered materials. In particular, waste refrigerators recycling allows the recovery of different plastic materials and metallic fractions (ferrous and non ferrous), whose economic value has considerably increased in the last years. Only in Italy, in 2010, approximately 66,000 tons of waste refrigerators were collected for recycling. An efficient recycling treatment could assure about 85% of recovery rate. In this paper, a model to control and characterize the materials recovered from mechanical recycling of carcasses dismantled from waste refrigerators is proposed. The treatment flow sheet consists of various separation and comminution operations. A mathematical model was implemented to determine a partition function, utilizing data obtained from the treatment of 100 waste refrigerator carcasses, carrying out mass balance of recovered materials. The partition function was used to determine control parameters and assess the quality of the recovered products, and, therefore, of the applied technologies. The results have shown that for waste refrigerator carcasses it has been possible to reach for ferrous metals a recovery rate of 97.5% with purity of more than 98%. Other metals also reached a good quality (about 87% for non-ferrous metals, 92% for mixed recyclable plastics), but with lower recovery rates. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved
Tecnologie per il trattamento e la valorizzazione dei materiali a fine vita
No full textI processi di selezione e valorizzazione delle risorse, sviluppati nell'ambito dell'ingegneria delle materie prime, hanno subito grande impulso e sviluppo anche nel campo della valorizzazione e del riciclaggio dei rifiuti e dei sottoprodotti delle attività industriali e antropiche, in generale.
Tali processi, basati su principi fisici, hanno l'obiettivo di separare e quindi valorizzare flussi di materiali consentendo, ad esempio, di ottenere il concentrato desiderato a partire da un grezzo di miniera, o di separare le varie frazioni che costituiscono un rifiuto per consentirne il riciclaggio o la più opportuna e conveniente valorizzazione, relegando allo smaltimento la minore quota di materiali possibile. I processi di separazione e valorizzazione sfruttano le proprietà fisiche dei materiali tra cui ad esempio le proprietà delle superfici, le proprietà ottiche, le proprietà magnetiche, il peso. Alla base dei processi di separazione e valorizzazione dei materiali c'è il concetto di grado di liberazione dei materiali.
Gli impianti per la valorizzazione e il riciclaggio delle risorse consistono in una combinazione di uno o, normalmente, più processi singoli, in funzione dell'alimentazione in ingresso all'impianto e ai prodotti desiderati in uscita.
Gli impianti di trattamento e valorizzazione delle risorse costituiscono un tassello fondamentale per la sostenibilità dei sistemi produttivi e per la realizzazione della simbiosi industriale in particolare. Infatti, essi consentono di valorizzare le risorse complessivamente movimentate dai sistemi industriali, attraverso la chiusura dei cicli delle risorse e attraverso processi di valorizzazione sempre più efficienti
Contribution of image analysis to the definition of explosibility of fine particles resulting from waste recycling process - art. no. 66962B
No full textIn waste recycling processes, the development of comminution technologies is one of the main actions to improve the quality of recycled products. This involves a rise in fine particles production, which could have some effects on explosibility properties of materials. This paper reports the results of experiments done to examine the explosibility of the fine particles resulting from waste recycling process. Tests have been conducted for the products derived from milling processes operated in different operative conditions. In particular, the comminution tests have been executed varying the milling temperature by refrigerant agents. The materials utilized in explosibility tests were different typologies of plastics coming from waste products (PET, ABS and PP), characterized by size lower than 1 mm. The results of explosibility tests, carried out by mean of a Hartmann Apparatus, have been compared with the data derived from image analysis procedure aimed to measure the morphological characteristics of particles. For each typology of material, the propensity to explode appears to be correlated not only to particle size, but also to morphological properties, linked to the operative condition of the milling process
Studio del settore pacifico della calotta orientale antartica mediante l'analisi di dati telerilevati
No full textEco-balancing of materials recovered from construction and demolition (C&D) waste
No full textIn recent years, in Italy, a large quantity of construction and demolition (C&D) waste has been generated: in the year 2004 a production of about 46,0 Mt of C&D waste has been estimated. After a mechanical treatment, such waste can be recovered and recycled as secondary raw material, determining economic and environmental benefits, by reducing landfilling, transportation and primary resources consumption. To date, the recycling rate of C&D waste in Italy is very low-about 10%-compared with the recycling rate of most of European countries, due to the large availability of natural resources. This study is aimed to carry out an analysis of C&D waste flow from a representative area in Italy, considering both the amount properly disposed or recycled, both the amount illegally dumped on the territory or in the containers for municipal solid waste. Furthermore, the eco-balancing as a particular procedure of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, has been applied to in order to optimize C&D waste recycling and material recovered, considering the environmental impact connected to different C&D waste management schemes. Data obtained from the eco-balancing allow to quantify the environmental performance, to estimate the costs of each scheme considered, and finally to evaluate the best C&D waste management. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved
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