51 research outputs found
Isolation and characterization of bioactive sucrose esters from tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L. var. viscaya)
No full textRubis, Jesirene del Rosario, University of the Philippines Los Banos. October 2001. Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Sucrose Esters front Tobacco Plant [Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Viscaya].
Adviser: Dr. Evelyn B. Rodriguez
The polar leaf surface chemicals of young tobacco plant were isolated by dipping the leaves in 70 % isopropyl alcohol and partitioning the concentrated isopropyl alcohol extract between 1:1 80 % aqueous methanol (Me011) — hexanes. The Me0I-I extract was fractionated by open column chromatography using silica gel 60 and gradient elution. Four major fractions (SE III, SE V, SE VI and SE IX) were obtained, which on IR spectroscopic and qualitative chemical analyses proved to be sucrose esters. The other major isolate was a large amount (13.7 g out of 3 kg leaves) of a mixture of crystalline organic acids.
The sucrose esters and the mixture of organic acids were subjected to the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) contact toxicity assay, the radish (Raphanus sativus) seed germination inhibition assay (petri dish method), and aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) contact toxicity assay. Results of the snail contact toxicity assay showed that all sucrose ester fractions caused 100.0 % mortality at 250 ppm. However, the most active was SE III, which caused 100.0 % mortality even at 30 ppm. On the other hand, the mixture of organic acids caused 100.0 % mortality only at a high concentration of 2000 ppm. The radish seed germination assay revealed that at 1000 ppm, all sucrose ester fractions and the mixture of organic acids highly inhibited seed germination, allowing only 4.4 % to 16.6 % germination after 48 hours. At 250 ppm, SE V was the most toxic towards aphids, causing 88.5% mortality at 1000 ppm In comparison, the mixture of organic acids caused only 28.3 % aphid mortality at the same concentration
Some results of studying the effectiveness of vaccination against hepatitis B
No full textWith the increase in period of time from the beginning of vaccination against hepatitis B the relevance of the question about the duration of post-vaccination immunity increases.The study has aimed to evaluate post-vaccination humoral immunity to hepatitis b virus 3–9 and 10–17 years after vaccination.Materials and methods. The level of antibodies to HBsAg was studied in 25 children aged 3–4 years and 104 adolescents aged 16–17 years who were vaccinated in the first year of life, as well as 79 adults who were vaccinated at different times over 17 years. Vaccination was carried out according to the scheme: 0-1-6 months with different recombinant vaccines. The test systems “Vectonvsad-antibodies” produced by JSC “Vector-best” were used for the study.Results. Antibody titers below 10 IU / l were found in 49,0±4,9% of adolescents and 50,0±8,6% of adults vaccinated over 10–17 years, 56,4±8,0% of adults vaccinated over 3–9 years, and 60,0±9,8% of children vaccinated over 3–4 years prior to the study. Antibodies in titers above 10 mIU/ml were detected only in isolated cases. No cases of hepatitis b virus infection or transmission were registeredamong the surveyed individuals.The low level of anti-HBs was not associated with specific names of vaccines and their storage conditions, with longer intervals between vaccinations. There was a slight decrease in the immune response in people over 40 years of age. The significant proportion of people who do not have a protective level of anti-HBs among those who have been vaccinated three times, identified in our and a number of other published studies, requires further study. In General, among the population of the Republic, the incidence of all forms of infection in the last decade against the background of mass vaccination has had a pronounced downward trend
Palatability as indicated by preference by model herbivore
No full textV diplomskem delu smo raziskovali morfološko-funkcionalno potezo (MFP), in sicer okusnost listov na primeru modelnega herbivora. Naša raziskava je bila osnovana na 600 rastlinskih vzorcih, ki so zajemali kulturne in travniške rastline. Kot modelni herbivor smo izbrali rdečega lazarja (Arion rufus L.). Prvotno smo primerjali testne vzorce vseh rastlinskih vrst z njihovimi kontrolami. Ugotovili smo, da so herbivori najmanj objedali liste rastlinskih vrst Rubis idaeus L., Melissa officinalis L. in Cucumis sativus L., najpogosteje pa so se prehranjevali z listi vrst Taraxacum officinale L. in Erigeron annuus L.. V skladu z našimi predvidevanji so herbivori najmanj objedli liste rastlin s prisotnostjo sekundarnih sprememb celične stene, epidermalnimi tvorbami ter nizko hranilno vrednostjo. V nasprotju z našimi pričakovanji pa prisotnost sekundarnih metabolitov v listih ni imela vpliva na sam izbor herbivora. V naši raziskavi smo tudi ugotovili, da se modelni herbivor raje prehranjuje z izbranimi travniškimi rastlinskimi vrstami kot pa s kulturnimi.In graduation thesis, we have researched leaf palatability as indicated by preference by model herbivore, which is one of the morphological – functional traits (MFT). Our research was based on 600 plant samples, which included cultivated and grassland plants. We incorporated Arion rufus L. as a model herbivore. First, we compared test samples with their controls for each of the plant species. We came to the conclusion that herbivores were avoiding plants Rubis Idaeus L., Melissa Officinalis L. in Cucumis sativus L. and were prefering Taraxacum officinale L. in Erigeron Annuus L.. In accordance with our expectations, leaf preference was most influenced by secondary cell wall changes, epidermal outgrowths and nutritional value. Contrary to our predictions, secondary metabolites did not have a dominant influence on leaf palatability. We concluded that herbivores prefer grassland plants over cultivated plants
Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Tularemia in the Republic of Karelia
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on tularemia in the Republic of Karelia, and to develop a set of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures. Materials and methods. On the basis of statistical observation data, primary medical documentation and literature data, the morbidity of the population, the number of vaccinated persons, the results of laboratory studies of small mammals, arthropods and environmental objects, the species composition of hosts and vectors of infection were assessed. The situation in the republic was compared to the situation in Finland and neighboring regions of Russia. Results and discussion. The incidence of tularemia was registered in the Republic of Karelia in 1950–1971 (52 cases) and in 2010–2020 (121 cases). In the last decade, mainly the ulceroglandular forms have been diagnosed, the urban population predominated among the patients. In all cases, infection was transmitted through mosquito bites, i. e., not associated with professional activities. There are floodplainswamp and forest types of natural foci in the republic. The results of their monitoring are indicative of the activation of the epizootic process, covering almost the entire territory of Karelia. In several areas bordering tularemia disadvantaged areas of Finland and Russia, a high infection rate of rodents was detected, but tularemia patients were not registered. For an adequate assessment of the situation, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of surveying natural foci, study the immune structure of the population and improve the diagnosis of infection. The main areas of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures are vaccination of persons with professional risk of infection and persons living near the activated micro-foci of infection; reduction of the area of fields not used in agriculture; reclamation work, combating landfills, regular removal of waste from the territories of permanent and temporary residence of the population; the use of effective repellents; raising awareness of the population and authorities about the situation, symptoms of the disease, measures of its prevention
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF DISINFECTION MEASURES IN PREVENTING THEIR SPREAD
No full textThe article presents a review of the literature about the etiological structure of respiratory infections in the modern period, the role of viruses agrippinae etiology in the formation of severe diseases of the respiratory system and their stability in the environment. The purpose of the study was to explore the meaning and possibilities of improving the efficiency of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures in periods of rapid rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections. It is established that at different times of the year in the formation of a rapid rise in the incidence leading role is played by rhinoviruses, RS virus and influenza virus. Epidemiological significance of rhinoviruses is their massive selection and stability in the external environment, much higher than the resistance of influenza viruses. The necessity of strengthening the disinfection measures in the autumn a rise in morbidity The necessity of strengthening the disinfection measures in the autumn a rise in incidence
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF DISINFECTION MEASURES IN PREVENTING THEIR SPREAD
No full textCHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPIDEMICAL PROCESS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA IN THE MODERN PERIOD
No full textAcute respiratory viral infections remain the most common group of diseases causing significant social and economic damage to society. Objective: to study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory disease influenza and other etiology in the modern period in the Republic of Karelia – one of the most disadvantaged of this group of diseases regions of the country.Materials and methods: On the basis of statistical data and publications is analysed and compared with the performance of the country a long-term dynamics and of etiological structure of acute respiratory viral infections over the years 1980–2016, seasonality of morbidity in separate age and social groups of the population in the years 2013–2016, etiological structure allocated from sore viruses. On the basis of outpatient clinic investigated the clinical characteristics of acute respiratory viral infections in adult outpatients during the period of seasonal rise of morbidity.Results: it was found a marked reduction in the incidence of flu, partly due to clinical underdiagnosis of the infection, its rejuvenation, the prevalence of mild forms of influenza in adults; the increase in the incidence of infections influenza is not the etiology, mainly due to rhinovirus infection, forming a pronounced autumn rises, the lack of differences between the incidence of viral respiratory infections «organized» and «disorganized» children.Conclusions: in the modern period the epidemic process of acute respiratory viral infections has gained some new features, important from the point of view of the organization of preventive and curative interventions
Spread of the Sindbis Virus in Fennoscandia
No full textIn the second half of the last century, a persistent focus of the disease caused by Sindbis virus was formed on the territory of Fennoscandia. In different countries, the disease is called Pogosta disease, Ockelbo disease and Karelian fever. The highest incidence rate is in Finland, where diseases are recorded annually, ranging from sporadic cases to large outbreaks with hundreds of patients. In other Scandinavian countries and in Russia, isolated cases of infection are currently being detected. The data on registered incidence and the results of seroepidemiological studies indicate an unequal dissemination of the infection in Fennoscandia, the causes of which need to be investigated. The review presents updated information on the pathogen, its distribution among the population and in the biocenosis of Fennoscandia, clinical features, diagnostics and epidemiological characteristics of the incidence
Некоторые результаты изучения эффективности вакцинации против гепатита В
No full textWith the increase in period of time from the beginning of vaccination against hepatitis B the relevance of the question about the duration of post-vaccination immunity increases.The study has aimed to evaluate post-vaccination humoral immunity to hepatitis b virus 3–9 and 10–17 years after vaccination.Materials and methods. The level of antibodies to HBsAg was studied in 25 children aged 3–4 years and 104 adolescents aged 16–17 years who were vaccinated in the first year of life, as well as 79 adults who were vaccinated at different times over 17 years. Vaccination was carried out according to the scheme: 0-1-6 months with different recombinant vaccines. The test systems “Vectonvsad-antibodies” produced by JSC “Vector-best” were used for the study.Results. Antibody titers below 10 IU / l were found in 49,0±4,9% of adolescents and 50,0±8,6% of adults vaccinated over 10–17 years, 56,4±8,0% of adults vaccinated over 3–9 years, and 60,0±9,8% of children vaccinated over 3–4 years prior to the study. Antibodies in titers above 10 mIU/ml were detected only in isolated cases. No cases of hepatitis b virus infection or transmission were registeredamong the surveyed individuals.The low level of anti-HBs was not associated with specific names of vaccines and their storage conditions, with longer intervals between vaccinations. There was a slight decrease in the immune response in people over 40 years of age. The significant proportion of people who do not have a protective level of anti-HBs among those who have been vaccinated three times, identified in our and a number of other published studies, requires further study. In General, among the population of the Republic, the incidence of all forms of infection in the last decade against the background of mass vaccination has had a pronounced downward trend.С увеличением периода времени, прошедшего от начала массовой вакцинации против гепатита В, все большую актуальность приобретает вопрос о продолжительности поствакцинального иммунитета.Цель: оценка поствакцинального гуморального иммунитета к вирусу гепатита В через 3–9 и 10–17 лет после вакцинации.Материалы и методы. Изучен уровень антител к HBsAg у 25 детей в возрасте 3–4 лет и 104 подростков 16–17 лет, вакцинированных на первом году жизни, а также 79 взрослых, привитых в разные сроки в течение 17 лет. Вакцинация проводилась по схеме: 0–1–6 месяцев разными рекомбинантными вакцинами. Для исследования использованы тест-системы «ВектоHBsAgантитела» производства АО «Вектор-Бест».Результаты. Титр антител ниже 10 МЕ/л имели 49,0±4,9% подростков и 50,0±8,6% взрослых, привитых за 10–17 лет, 56,4±8,0% взрослых, привитых за 3–9 лет, и 60,0±9,8% детей, привитых за 3–4 года до исследования. Антитела в титрах выше 100 МЕ/л определялись лишь в единичных случаях. Среди обследованных лиц не было зарегистрировано ни одного случая заболевания или носительства вируса гепатита В.Низкий уровень anti-HBs не был связан ни с конкретными наименованиями вакцин и условиями их хранения, ни с удлинением интервалов между прививками.Установлено некоторое снижение иммунного ответа у лиц старше 40 лет. Выявленная в нашем и ряде других опубликованных исследований значительная доля лиц, не имеющих протективного уровня anti-HBs среди трехкратно вакцинированных, требует дальнейшегоизучения. В целом, среди населения республики заболеваемость всеми формами инфекции в последнее десятилетие на фоне массовой вакцинации имела выраженную тенденцию к снижению
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА ОСТРЫХ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАРЕЛИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ПЕРИОД
No full textAcute respiratory viral infections remain the most common group of diseases causing significant social and economic damage to society. Objective: to study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory disease influenza and other etiology in the modern period in the Republic of Karelia – one of the most disadvantaged of this group of diseases regions of the country.Materials and methods: On the basis of statistical data and publications is analysed and compared with the performance of the country a long-term dynamics and of etiological structure of acute respiratory viral infections over the years 1980–2016, seasonality of morbidity in separate age and social groups of the population in the years 2013–2016, etiological structure allocated from sore viruses. On the basis of outpatient clinic investigated the clinical characteristics of acute respiratory viral infections in adult outpatients during the period of seasonal rise of morbidity.Results: it was found a marked reduction in the incidence of flu, partly due to clinical underdiagnosis of the infection, its rejuvenation, the prevalence of mild forms of influenza in adults; the increase in the incidence of infections influenza is not the etiology, mainly due to rhinovirus infection, forming a pronounced autumn rises, the lack of differences between the incidence of viral respiratory infections «organized» and «disorganized» children.Conclusions: in the modern period the epidemic process of acute respiratory viral infections has gained some new features, important from the point of view of the organization of preventive and curative interventions.Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции остаются группой самых распространенных заболеваний, наносящих значительный социальный и экономический ущерб обществу. Цель: изучение эпидемиологических характеристик заболеваемости респираторными инфекциями гриппозной и негриппозной этиологии в современный период в Республике Карелия – одном из наиболее неблагополучных по данной группе заболеваний регионов страны.Материалы и методы: на основании статистических данных и материалов публикаций проанализированы и сопоставлены с показателями по стране многолетняя динамика и этиологическая структура заболеваемости острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями за 1980–2016 гг., внутригодовая динамика и заболеваемость в отдельных возрастных и социальных группах населения в 2013–2016 гг., этиологическая структура выделяемых от больных вирусов. На базе амбулаторно-поликлинического учреждения изучена клиническая характистика острых респираторных вирусных инфекций у взрослых амбулаторных больных в период сезонного подъема заболеваемости.Результаты: установлены выраженное снижение уровня заболеваемости гриппом, частично обусловленное клинической гиподиагностикой инфекции, ее «омоложение», преобладание легких форм гриппа у взрослых; рост заболеваемости инфекциями негриппозной этиологии, в основном, за счет риновирусной инфекции, формирующей выраженные осенние подъемы, отсутствие различий между заболеваемостью ОРВИ «организованных» и «неорганизованных» детей.Выводы: в современный период эпидемический процесс группы острых респираторных вирусных инфекций приобрел некоторые новые черты, важные с точки зрения организации профилактических и лечебных мероприятий.
- …
