1,593 research outputs found
Une approche de Bunin : Étude des qualificatifs
No full textGinette Stulz, An aspect of Bunin : study of qualifying adjectives.
A detailed analysis of adjectives and past participles in books I and II of the Life of Arsen'ev allows to have a clear view of the subtlety and the rigor of Bunin's prose. These abundant and varied qualifications, often created by their author himself, are infinitely supple and nevertheless conform to a constant requirement of veracity, originality and poetry. Their strictly motivated accumulation and the specific place allocated to them in given sentences convince of a deliberate choice made by the author. They are delicately underlined by the rythm and the sonority handled poetically by Bunin. The analysis results in an apparent paradox : this multiplicity of adjectives induces concision.Ginette Stulz, Une approche de Bunin. Étude des qualificatifs.
Centrée sur les livres I et II de La vie d'Arsen'ev, l'analyse détaillée des adjectifs et participes passés passifs permet de prendre conscience de la subtilité et de la rigueur de la prose bouninienne. A la fois abondants et variés, souvent même créés de toutes pièces, d'une infinie souplesse, ils se plient à une exigence constante de véracité, d'originalité, de poésie. L'accumulation de ces qualificatifs et leur place dans la phrase, toujours motivées, convainquent à leur tour d'un choix délibéré, subtilement souligné par le rythme et les sonorités que Bunin manie en poète. L'analyse conduit à un paradoxe apparent : ce luxe d'adjectifs est concision !Stulz Ginette. Une approche de Bunin : Étude des qualificatifs. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 28, n°3-4, Juillet-Décembre 1987. pp. 347-360
Phosphine-substituted porphyrins as supramolecular building blocks
No full textA route to alkyne-phosphine-substituted metalloporphyrins is presented. The X-ray structure of the methanol adduct of a diphenylphosphine Zn(II) porphyrin reveals solid state dimerisation accompanied by proton transfer from coordinated methanol to phosphine in a process reminiscent of carbonic anhydrase, The ability of the phosphine-substituted porphyrins to form non-covalent arrays with a Ru(II) porphyrin was explored using H-1/P-31 NMR and UV/vis spectroscopy as well as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Functionalised DNA - introducing and applying a versatile porphyrin molecular ruler
No full textPorphyrin moieties were rigidly attached to DNA to generate an accurate molecular ruler. Molecular ruler analysis was conducted using steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism and small angle X-ray scattering spectroscopic techniques, in an attempt to analyse the FRET, exciton coupling and scattering intensity between different porphyrin-porphyrin labelled DNA combinations. A 21-mer test sequence was labelled with a porphyrin in one position on one strand, and seven different positions on seven complementary strands, to overall give seven porphyrin-porphyrin inter-strand combinations. Steady-state fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis of the Soret band revealed individual Watson-Crick bases pair molecular ruler sensitivity. Small angle X-ray scattering attempts between metallated-porphyrin entities did not reveal sufficient scattering at low concentrations, in contrast, an iodinated analogue of the porphyrin system did displayed scattering correlating to different iodine iodine distances. After calibration of the porphyrin system, the moieties were applied to study protein-DNA interactions between Tus, a 36 KDa DNA binding protein, and Ter, a specific 21-mer DNA sequence. Molecular ruler nalysis of the complex required an extended version of the Ter DNA sequence to which modifications were attached. Established FRET pairs FAM and TAMRA were applied to investigate protein-DNA complexation. Native PAGE analysis revealed Tus binds to the extended DNA via a sliding mechanism. Fluorescence analysis of the established FRET pairs identified changes in fluorescence not correlating to changes in FRET, and instead was attributed to emission quenching upon protein binding. Applying the zinc and free base porphyrin version displayed subtle changes in the Soret band circular dichrosim upon complexation, indicating small DNA helical change upon complexation. A 45-mer DNA sequence was designed to form multiple hairpin-duplex conformations with the addition of an appropriate complementary strand. Attaching FRET pairs to the extremes of the DNA sequence enabled multiple DNA conformations, and hence FRET distances to be obtained from one doubly modified DNA sequence. The combinations were characterised by UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Finally, terpyridine labelled DNA sequences selectively formed DNA nanotubes through orthogonal hydrogen bonding and metal complexation interactions. Short DNA strands were designed to self-assemble into long duplexes through a sticky-end approach. Addition of weakly binding metals such as zinc induced the formation of tubular arrays consisting of DNA bundles 50-200 nm wide and 2-50 nm high. TEM displayed additional long distance ordering of the terpyridine-DNA complexes into fibers
A supercontinuum source based on an electroabsorption-modulated laser for long distance DWDM transmission
No full textGlobalization of Equity Markets and the Cost of Capital
No full textThis paper examines the impact of globalization on the cost of equity capital. We argue that the cost of equity capital decreases because of globalization for two important reasons. First, the expected return that investors require to invest in equity to compensate them for the risk they bear generally falls. Second, the agency costs which make it harder and more expensive for firms to raise funds become less important. The existing empirical evidence is consistent with the theoretical prediction that globalization decreases the cost of capital, but the documented effects are lower than theory leads us to expect. We discuss various reasons for why this is the case.
Programmable one-pot multistep organic synthesis using DNA junctions
No full textA system for multistep DNA-templated synthesis is controlled by the sequential formation of DNA junctions. Reactants are attached to DNA adapters which are brought together by hybridization to DNA template strands. This process can be repeated to allow sequence-controlled oligomer synthesis while maintaining a constant reaction environment, independent of oligomer length, at each reaction step. Synthesis can take place in a single pot containing all required reactive monomers. Different oligomers can be synthesized in parallel in the same vessel, and the products of parallel synthesis can be ligated, reducing the number of reaction steps required to produce an oligomer of a given length
Multistep DNA-templated reactions for the synthesis of functional sequence controlled oligomers
No full textA strand displacement mechanism was designed to permit DNA-templated synthesis of functional oligomers of arbitrary length (see scheme). Key features of the mechanism are that successive coupling reactions take place in near-identical environments and that purification is only necessary in the last synthesis step
Securities Laws, Disclosure, and National Capital Markets in the Age of Financial Globalization
No full textAs barriers to international investment fall and technology improves, the cost advantages for a firm's securities to trade publicly in the country in which that firm is located and for that country to have a market for publicly traded securities distinct from the capital markets of other countries will progressively disappear. However, securities laws remain an important determinant of whether and where securities are issued, how they are valued, who owns them, and where they trade. The value of public firms depends on these laws, so that identical firms subject to different laws are likely to have different values. We show that mandatory disclosure through securities laws can decrease agency costs between corporate insiders and minority shareholders, but only provided the investors can act on the information disclosed and the laws cannot be weakened ex post too much through lobbying by corporate insiders. With financial globalization, national disclosure laws can have wide-ranging effects on a country's welfare, on firms and on investor portfolios, including the extent to which share holdings reveal a home bias. In equilibrium, if firms can choose the securities laws they are subject to when they go public, some firms will choose stronger securities laws than those of the country in which they are located and some firms will do the opposite. These effects of securities laws can be expected to become smaller if differences in national laws and their enforcement decrease and if the costs of private solutions to manage corporate agency conflicts that are substitutes for securities laws fall.
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