1,974 research outputs found
Modelle der Gruppe in Psychotherapie und psycho-sozialer Arbeit - Band 2
No full textDieses zweibändige Werk gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über Theorie, Modelle, Methoden, Konzepte und Anwendungsbereiche psychologischer Gruppenarbeit in der klinischen Therapie, Rehabilitation, Sozialarbeit, Supervision. Von führenden Vertretern der einzelnen Verfahren und Anwendungsbereiche wird deutlich gemacht, was „Gruppe" und „Gruppenprozeß" in dem jeweiligen Ansatz bedeutet, welche Möglichkeiten Gruppen für die psychosoziale Intervention bieten. Dabei werden neben den klassischen Ansätzen psychoanalytischer Gruppentherapie vor allen Dingen die neuen Verfahren und Ansätze von der verhaltenstherapeutischen, humanistisch-psychologischen Gruppenarbeit bis zu Modellen der Supervision und der Selbsthilfegruppen vorgestellt. Dieses Handbuch ist für alle, die in Psychotherapie, Sozialarbeit, Pädagogik, Kreativitätsförderung und Persönlichkeitsbildung mit Gruppen arbeiten, ein unverzichtbares Handbuch, das in breitester Weise über methodisch-praktische und theoretisch-konzeptuelle Fragestellungen informiert.Im zweiten Band des zweibändigen Werks werden unter anderem verhaltenstherapeutische und bewegungsorientierte Modelle der Gruppenarbeit, Supervisions-, Selbsterfahrungs- und Selbsthilfeansätze und Anwendungen der Gruppenarbeit bei Kindern, alten Menschen sowie in der Psychiatrie erläutert. - Aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: (1) H. Dziewas und D. Schwoon: Das Konzept der Gruppe in der Verhaltenstherapie. (2) G. Petersen: Das Konzept der Gruppe in der Transaktionalen Analyse. (3) U. Sollmann: Die Rolle der Gruppe in der Bioenergetischen Analyse. (4) H. Petzold und A. Berger: Die Rolle der Gruppe in der Integrativen Bewegungstherapie. (5) P. Metzdorf: Das Gruppenkonzept in der Themenzentrierten Interaktion. (6) A. Harrach: Das Konzept der Gruppe in der Balint-Gruppenarbeit. (7) A. Schreyögg: Konzepte zur Supervisionsgruppe. (8) A. Pritz: Selbsterfahrungsgruppen. Theoretische Konzepte und praktische Ansätze. (9) M.-L. Moeller: Selbsthilfegruppen - Hoffnung auf eine persönliche Medizin? (10) F. Lott: Die Bedeutung der Gruppe in der Therapie mit Kindern. (11) R. Schindler: Klinische Gruppenarbeit mit psychiatrischen Patienten. (12) H. Petzold: Die Rolle der Gruppe in der therapeutischen Arbeit mit alten Menschen. Konzepte zu einer "Integrativen Intervention".https://www.fpi-publikation.de/e-books/petzold-h-g-fruehmann-r-hrsg-1986-bd-ii-modelle-der-gruppe-in-psychotherapie-und-psycho-sozialer-arbeit/unknownpublishedVersio
GillespieSSA: Implementing the Gillespie Stochastic Simulation Algorithm in R
Get PDFThe deterministic dynamics of populations in continuous time are traditionally described using coupled, first-order ordinary differential equations. While this approach is accurate for large systems, it is often inadequate for small systems where key species may be present in small numbers or where key reactions occur at a low rate. The Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) is a procedure for generating time-evolution trajectories of finite populations in continuous time and has become the standard algorithm for these types of stochastic models. This article presents a simple-to-use and flexible framework for implementing the SSA using the high-level statistical computing language R and the package GillespieSSA. Using three ecological models as examples (logistic growth, Rosenzweig-MacArthur predator-prey model, and Kermack-McKendrick SIRS metapopulation model), this paper shows how a deterministic model can be formulated as a finite-population stochastic model within the framework of SSA theory and how it can be implemented in R. Simulations of the stochastic models are performed using four different SSA Monte Carlo methods: one exact method (Gillespie's direct method); and three approximate methods (explicit, binomial, and optimized tau-leap methods). Comparison of simulation results confirms that while the time-evolution trajectories obtained from the different SSA methods are indistinguishable, the approximate methods are up to four orders of magnitude faster than the exact methods.
Confidence from uncertainty - A multi-target drug screening method from robust control theory
Get PDFAbstract
Background
Robustness is a recognized feature of biological systems that evolved as a defence to environmental variability. Complex diseases such as diabetes, cancer, bacterial and viral infections, exploit the same mechanisms that allow for robust behaviour in healthy conditions to ensure their own continuance. Single drug therapies, while generally potent regulators of their specific protein/gene targets, often fail to counter the robustness of the disease in question. Multi-drug therapies offer a powerful means to restore disrupted biological networks, by targeting the subsystem of interest while preventing the diseased network from reconciling through available, redundant mechanisms. Modelling techniques are needed to manage the high number of combinatorial possibilities arising in multi-drug therapeutic design, and identify synergistic targets that are robust to system uncertainty.
Results
We present the application of a method from robust control theory, Structured Singular Value or μ- analysis, to identify highly effective multi-drug therapies by using robustness in the face of uncertainty as a new means of target discrimination. We illustrate the method by means of a case study of a negative feedback network motif subject to parametric uncertainty.
Conclusions
The paper contributes to the development of effective methods for drug screening in the context of network modelling affected by parametric uncertainty. The results have wide applicability for the analysis of different sources of uncertainty like noise experienced in the data, neglected dynamics, or intrinsic biological variability.
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Green Care – Manifesto for “Green Care Empowerment”
No full textUnter dem Oberbegriff Green Care (GC) werden vielfältige „b i o – p s y c h o – s o z i a l – ö k o l o g i s c h e “ Maßnahmen der Förderung der menschlichen Gesundheit und Lebensqualität durch Natur und Naturerleben als HEA LTH CARE verstanden, aber auch zur Bewahrung der Unversehrtheit von Lebensräumen. Weiterhin finden sich in GC p s y c h o s o z i a l e Interventionen wie z. B. Präventionsprogramme, Naturdiätetik und Erholungsangebote etwa des Turismo Rural, des sustainable Ecotourism, Agrotourismus etc., aber auch ö k o l o g i s c h e Maßnahmen zur Sensibilisierung für die Natur als ECO CARE . GC umfasst in „klinisch-kurativer und rehabilitativer“ Zielsetzung h u m a n t h e r a p e u t i s c h e Maßnahmen z. B. in Psycho-, Sozio-, Bewegungs-, Sport-, Ergotherapie und selbstverständlich ie Formen der „neuen Naturtherapien“: Garten-, Landschafts-, Wald-, Wasser- und Tiergestützte Therapie, die alle in einer Integrativen Therapie bzw. Integrativen Humantherapie indikationsspezifisch in „Bündeln von Maßnahmen“ eingesetzt werden können. GC betreibt ökologische Öffentlichkeitsarbeit mit ökopolitischen Aktionen aus zivilgesellschaftlichem Engagement als ECO CARE für die Natur und gegen Naturzerstörung auf dem Boden einer „fundierten Konvivialität“. Sie fördert eine „komplexe Achtsamkeit“ für naturverträgliche Lebensstile, eine Grundhaltung des „ökophilen Carings“. Das hier vorgestellte Manifest zielt auf ein „proaktives ökologisches Empowerment“ für Bewahrung, Schutz, Pflege, ja „Rettung von gefährdeter Natur/Ökologie“. Es will ermutigen, die Quellen für ein gesundes Leben zu nutzen und zu bewahren, die uns unzerstörte Natur bietet.Under the heading GREEN CARE (GC) a manifold of b i o p s y – c h o s o c i o – e c o l o g i c a l interventions are seen aiming at the promotion of human health and quality of life through nature and experiences in nature. Another goal is to contribute to the conservation of intact environments. GC is including p s y c h o s o c i a l interventions e.g. prevention programs, natural diets, recreation for Health Care through Turismo Rural, sustainable ecotourism, agrotourism etc., and also e c o l o g i c a l initiatives to sensitize for nature by ECO CARE . GC comprises moreover measures of humane therapy with a „clinical, curative, and rehabilitative“ orientation e.g. in psychotherapy, sociotherapy, movement, sports and occupational therapy, and – self evident – the approaches of the “New Nature Therapies”: horticultural therapy, landscape, forest and water therapy, animal assisted therapy. All these approaches are used – when indicated – in Integrative Therapy resp. Integrative Human Therapy as specific “bundles of interventions”. GC is addressing the public with ecological issues and ecopolitical initiatives engaged as ECO CARE for nature and against the destruction of nature as a core task for civic society. GC is fostering „complex mindfullness“ based in “grounded conviviality” to promote nature friendly lifestyles, and a basic attitude of an „ecophilic caring“. The manifesto presented here is aiming at a “proactive ecological empowerment” for the conservation, protection, care, and even salvaging of nature/ecology at risk. It encourages, to use and to preserve the sources for a healthy life that intact nature is offering.https://www.fpi-publikation.de/gruene-texte/05-2015-petzold-h-g-2015c-green-care-plaedoyer-fuer-eine-oekologisch-fundierte-gesundheit/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Marathon related death due to brainstem herniation in rehydration-related hyponatraemia: a case report
No full textIntroduction: Identifying marathon runners at risk of neurological deterioration at the end of the race (within a large cohort complaining of exhaustion, dehydration, nausea, headache, dizziness, etc.) is challenging. Here we report a case of rehydration-related hyponatraemia with ensuing brain herniation.
Case presentation: We report the death of runner in his 30's who collapsed in the recovery area following a marathon. Following rehydration he developed a respiratory arrest in the emergency room. He was found to be hyponatraemic (130 mM). A CT brain scan showed severe hydrocephalus and brain stem herniation. Despite emergency insertion of an extraventricular drain, he was tested for brainstem death the following morning. Funduscopy demonstrated an acute-on-chronic papilledema; CSF spectrophotometry did not reveal any trace of oxyhemoglobin or bilirubin, but ferritin levels were considerably raised (530 ng/mL, upper reference value 12 ng/mL), consistent with a previous bleed. Retrospectively it emerged that the patient had suffered from a thunderclap headache some months earlier. Subsequently he developed morning headaches and nausea. This suggests that he may have suffered from a subarachnoid haemorrhage complicated by secondary hydrocephalus. This would explain why in this case the relatively mild rehydration-related hyponatremia may have caused brain swelling sufficient for herniation.
Conclusion: Given the frequency of hyponatraemia in marathon runners (serum Na <135 mM in about 13%), and the non-specific symptoms, we discuss how a simple screening test such as funduscopy may help to identify those who require urgent neuroimaging
Modelling of detailed insulin receptor kinetics affects sensitivity and noise in the downstream signalling pathway
No full textPlasma Neurofilament Heavy Chain Levels Correlate to Markers of Late Stage Disease Progression and Treatment Response in SOD1(G93A) Mice that Model ALS
Get PDFBackground:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive degeneration of motor neurons leading to death, typically within 3–5 years of symptom onset. The diagnosis of ALS is largely reliant on clinical assessment and electrophysiological findings. Neither specific investigative tools nor reliable biomarkers are currently available to enable an early diagnosis or monitoring of disease progression, hindering the design of treatment trials.
Methodology/Principal Findings:
In this study, using the well-established SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS and a new in-house ELISA method, we have validated that plasma neurofilament heavy chain protein (NfH) levels correlate with both functional markers of late stage disease progression and treatment response. We detected a significant increase in plasma levels of phosphorylated NfH during disease progression in SOD1G93A mice from 105 days onwards. Moreover, increased plasma NfH levels correlated with the decline in muscle force, motor unit survival and, more significantly, with the loss of spinal motor neurons in SOD1 mice during this critical period of decline. Importantly, mice treated with the disease modifying compound arimoclomol had lower plasma NfH levels, suggesting plasma NfH levels could be validated as an outcome measure for treatment trials.
Conclusions/Significance:
These results show that plasma NfH levels closely reflect later stages of disease progression and therapeutic response in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS and may potentially be a valuable biomarker of later disease progression in ALS
Metabolic failure precedes intracranial pressure rises in traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study
No full textBackground: Cerebral microdialysis (MD) is able to detect markers of tissue damage and cerebral ischaemia and can be used to monitor the biochemical changes subsequent to head injury. In this prospective, observational study we analysed the correlation between microdialysis markers of metabolic impairment and intracranial pressure (ICP) and investigated whether changes in biomarker concentration precede rises in ICP. Methods: MD and ICP monitoring was carried out in twenty-five patients with severe TBI in Neurointensive care. MD samples were analysed hourly for lactate:pyruvate (LP) ratio, glutamate and glycerol. Abnormal values of microdialysis variables in presence of normal ICP were used to calculate the risk of intracranial hypertension developing within the next 3h. Findings: An LP ratio > 25 and glycerol > 100 mu mol/L, but not glutamate > 12 mu mol/L, were associated with significantly higher risk of imminent intracranial hypertension (odds ratio: 9.8, CI 5.8-16.1; 2.2, CI 1.6-3.8; 1.7, CI 0.6-3, respectively). An abnormal LP ratio could predict an ICP rise above normal levels in 89% of cases, whereas glycerol and glutamate had a poorer predictive value. Conclusions: Changes in the compound concentrations in microdialysate are a useful tool to describe molecular events triggered by TBI. These changes can occur before the onset of intracranial hypertension, suggesting that biochemical impairment can be present before low cerebral perfusion pressure is detectable. This early warning could be exploited to expand the window for therapeutic interventio
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided bile duct drainage enhances oncological systemic therapy initiation and capability in patients with non-resectable malignant distal bile duct obstructions compared to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: a comparative
No full textCerebrospinal fluid ATP metabolites in multiple sclerosis
No full textIncreased axonal energy demand and mitochondrial failure have been suggested as possible causes for axonal degeneration and disability in multiple sclerosis.Our objective was to test whether ATP depletion precedes clinical, imaging and biomarker evidence for axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis.The method consisted of a longitudinal study which included 21 patients with multiple sclerosis. High performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify biomarkers of the ATP metabolism (oxypurines and purines) from the cerebrospinal fluid at baseline. The Expanded Disability Status Scale, MRI brain imaging measures for brain atrophy (ventricular and parenchymal fractions), and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for axonal damage (phosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated neurofilaments) were quantified at baseline and 3-year follow-up.Central ATP depletion (sum of ATP metabolites >19.7 µmol/litre) was followed by more severe progression of disability if compared to normal ATP metabolites (median 1.5 versus 0, p < 0.05). Baseline ATP metabolite levels correlated with change of Expanded Disability Status Scale in the pooled cohort (r = 0.66, p = 0.001) and subgroups (relapsing–remitting patients: r = 0.79, p < 0.05 and secondary progressive/primary progressive patients: r = 0.69, p < 0.01). There was no relationship between central ATP metabolites and either biomarker or MRI evidence for axonal degeneration.The data suggests that an increased energy demand in multiple sclerosis may cause a quantifiable degree of central ATP depletion. We speculate that the observed clinical disability may be related to depolarisation associated conduction block
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