795 research outputs found
Comparative efficacy of once-daily ciclesonide and budesonide in the treatment of persistent asthma
No full textBackground: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily ciclesonide, a new-generation, on-site-activated, inhaled corticosteroid, with once-daily budesonide in persistent asthma. Methods: Eligible patients requiring budesonide or equivalent 320-640 mu g (ex-mouthpiece, equivalent to 400-800 mu g; Turbohaler (TM)) daily entered a 2-week baseline, and then a 2- to 4-week pretreatment period (budesonide 1280 mu g/day; ex-mouthpiece, equivalent to 1600 mu g/day). Patients with an increase in forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) of >= 7% or >= 0.15 L were randomised to ciclesonide 320 mu g (ex-actuator, equivalent to 400 mu g ex-valve) via a hydrofluoroalkane-metered dose inhaler (HFA-MDI) without a spacer or budesonide 320 mu g once daily in the morning for 12 weeks. Change in FEV1 was the primary endpoint. Results: In all, 359 patients were randomised. The FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) decreased by 0.18 and 0.12 L, respectively, in the ciclesonide group, and by 0.23 and 0.21 L in the budesonide group. For FEV1, ciclesonide was noninferior and numerically superior to budesonide. For FVC, ciclesonide was statistically superior to budesonide (P = 0.010). Asthma symptom scores were comparable; the median percentage of symptom-free days was significantly higher for ciclesonide (43.6%) versus budesonide (25.8%) (P = 0.017). Rescue medication use decreased significantly only for ciclesonide patients (P = 0.009). Frequency of adverse events was low in both groups. Conclusion: Ciclesonide 320 mu g once daily by HFA-MDI without a spacer was at least as effective as budesonide 320 mu g once daily in persistent asthma
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GBLD: A Formal Model for Layout Description and Generation
No full textIn this paper, we introduce a layout description and generation model, GBLD, based on the notions and elements of L-systems and context-free grammars. Our layout model is compatible with geometric layout formats, such as GDSII or CIF. However, it is more powerful and more concise. The layouts represented by GBLD are sizeable, parameterised, and can incorporate design rules. GBLD has the potential to be used as a format for analog layout templates, analog layout retargeting, as well as the final layout format
A modular framework for multi-scale tissue imaging and neuronal segmentation
No full textThe development of robust tools for segmenting cellular and sub-cellular neuronal structures lags behind the massive production of high-resolution 3D images of neurons in brain tissue. The challenges are principally related to high neuronal density and low signal-to-noise characteristics in thick samples, as well as the heterogeneity of data acquired with different imaging methods. To address this issue, we design a framework which includes sample preparation for high resolution imaging and image analysis. Specifically, we set up a method for labeling thick samples and develop SENPAI, a scalable algorithm for segmenting neurons at cellular and sub-cellular scales in conventional and super-resolution STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy images of brain tissues. Further, we propose a validation paradigm for testing segmentation performance when a manual ground-truth may not exhaustively describe neuronal arborization. We show that SENPAI provides accurate multi-scale segmentation, from entire neurons down to spines, outperforming state-of-the-art tools. The framework will empower image processing of complex neuronal circuitries
Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol single inhaler therapy versus a higher dose of budesonide in moderate to severe asthma
No full textObjectives:This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel asthma management strategy - budesonide/formoterol for both maintenance and symptom relief (Symbicort Single Inhaler Therapy*) - compared with a higher maintenance dose of budesonide in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Methods:This was a 12-month, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study. Symptomatic patients with asthma (n = 1890; mean age 43 years [range 11 years-80 years], mean baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] 70% of predicted, mean inhaled corticosteroid [ICS] dose 746mug/day) received either budesonide (160mug, 2 inhalations twice daily) plus terbutaline 0.4 mg as needed or a daily maintenance dose of budesonide/formoterol (160/4.5 mug, 2 inhalations once daily) with additional inhalations of budesonide/formoterol 160/4.5 mug as needed. Time to first severe exacerbation (hospitalisation/emergency room [ER] treatment or systemic steroids due to asthma worsening or a fall in morning peak expiratory flow [PEF] to less than or equal to 70% of baseline on 2 consecutive days) was the primary outcome variable. Results: A total of 1890 patients were randomised, of whom 1563 (83%) had severe asthma. The time to first severe exacerbation was prolonged by budesonide/formoterol single inhaler therapy (p <0.001) compared with a higher dose of budesonide. The risk of having a severe exacerbation was 39% lower with budesonide/formoterol single inhaler therapy compared with budesonide (p <0.001). The number needed to treat to prevent one severe exacerbation per year with budesonide/formoterol compared with budesonide was 5. The budesonide/formoterol group had 45% fewer severe exacerbations requiring medical intervention per patient compared with the budesonide group (p <0.001). Budesonide/formoterol patients had fewer hospitalisations/ER treatments (15 vs 25 events, respectively [descriptive statistics]) and fewer treatment days with systemic steroids (1776 days vs 3177 days, respectively [descriptive statistics]) compared with budesonide patients. Budesonide/formoterol single inhaler therapy patients used less as-needed medication compared with budesonide patients (0.90 vs 1.42 inhalations/day; p <0.001). The mean daily ICS dose was lower in the budesonide/formoterol group than in the budesonide group (466 mug/day vs 640 mug/day). Over the 12-month study period, the budesonide/formoterol group achieved asthma control sufficient to not require any additional as-needed medication on 60% of days. Overall, budesonide/formoterol single inhaler therapy gave 31 more asthma control days (a night and day with no asthma symptoms and no as-needed medication use) per patient-year and 12 additional undisturbed nights per patient-year compared with a higher dose of budesonide. Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusion: Budesonide/formoterol single inhaler therapy has the potential to provide a complete asthma management approach with one inhaler, demonstrating a high level of efficacy in patients with moderate to severe asthma
Author Correction: Femtosecond Laser Mass Spectrometry and High Harmonic Spectroscopy of Xylene Isomers (Scientific Reports (2018) DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-22055-9)
No full textThe original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Nicolas Thiré, which was incorrectly given as Nicholas Thiré. Nicolas Thiré was also incorrectly affiliated with \u27Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain\u27. The correct affiliation is listed below.
INRS-EMT, Advanced Laser Light Source, 1650 Lionel-Boulet Bvd, Varennes, J3X1S2, Canada.
This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article and in the accompanying Supplementary Information file
Chronique Droit européen des obligations - Une protection des consommateurs limitée par les objectifs économiques de l'harmonisation
No full textInternational audienceCJUE, ord., 15 déc. 2011, Inno, C-126/11, CCE 2012. chron. 7, n° 4, obs. L. Boulet et L. Frossard ; Europe, 2011. comm. 322, obs. M. Meister - CJUE 21 déc. 2011, Thomas Dutrueux et Caisse primaire d'assurance maladie du Jura, C-495/10, AJDA 2011. 2505 ; ibid. 2012. 306, chron. M. Aubert, E. Broussy et F. Donnat ; D. 2012. 926, note J.-S. Borghetti ; ibid. 1558, point de vue P. Véron et F. Vialla ; RTD. civ. 2012. 329, obs. P. Jourdain ; Europe, 2012. comm. 100, obs. M. Larch
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