62 research outputs found
Sequestro della CO2 in foresta
No full textLa riduzione del livello di CO2 atmosferica (che ha ormai superato 410 ppm) rappresenta l’obbiettivo più noto legato alla sostenibilità. La corretta gestione dei boschi è una soluzione a portata di mano; infatti, le foreste - oltre a assorbire la CO2 per crescere – possono stoccarla per lungo tempo nelle foglie, nel fusto e nelle radici. La biomassa legnosa prodotta può essere inoltre trasformata in energia, riducendo l’impiego dei combustibili fossili e quindi ridurre ulteriormente la concentrazione di CO2 in atmosfera
Forestazione e compensazione delle emissioni di CO2: strategia vincente per una economia low-carbon
No full textTipologie di compensazione, carbon offsetting, crediti e mercati volontari del carbonio, forestazione e gestione forestale
High accuracy site-specific secondary data for mechanical field operations to support LCA studies
No full textINTRODUCTION
• Agricultural operations are strongly influenced by site-specific pedological and climatic working conditions. The use of the same machine in different site-specific conditions, as well as the performance of the same operation in equal site-specific conditions (but with different machines), strongly influence the environmental costs of the operation itself; • Methodologies to quantify the environmental impacts of mechanical field operations are widely applied, but, usually, system inputs and outputs come from international databases or literature and rarely represent the studied situation.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
• To quantify site-specific secondary data related to mechanical field operations in EU cereal cropping, from primary soil tillage to grain and straw transportation, paying particular attention to barley; • To use this environmental inventory to perform the LCA analysis related to barley cultivation in EU.
RESULTS and DISCUSSION
Fuel consumptions – and the corresponding emissions into the atmosphere – strongly depend on both tractor’s engine loads and duration of each working time: the assumption of a constant engine load (maximum value) for each working time – and thus a constant specific fuel consumption – leads to wrong evaluations in terms of fuel consumptions and emissions; • BarNow inputs amounted to: fuel FC = 67-74 kg·ha-1, lubricants LC = 0.56-0.73 kg·ha-1 and mass MC = 7.9-8.8 kg·ha-1. Emissions of CO2 amounted to EMCO2 = 211-233 kg·ha-1. BarPlus inputs amounted to: FC = 55-60 kg·ha-1, LC = 0.54-0.69 kg·ha-1, MC = 7.2-8.0 kg·ha-1 and AdB = 2.8-3.0 kg·ha-1. EMCO2 = 173-189 kg·ha-1. The highest fuel (and consequently CO2 emissions) and mass consumptions are, in any scenario, related to tillage operation
Meccanizzazione forestale e impiego del legno per fini energetici
No full textMeccanizzazione forestale in ambiente alpino (operazioni e macchine impiegate) per il prelievo di biomassa; caratteristiche energetiche del legno cippato; impianti di teleriscaldamento-cogenerazione: caratteristiche e principali parametri tecnico-operativi
Analisi della funzione ambientale degli ecosistemi forestali di Valle Camonica per la promozione di un mercato volontario locale di crediti di carbonio
No full textL’analisi della funzione ambientale degli ecosistemi forestali è fondamentale per promuovere interventi di decarbonizzazione territoriale al sostegno delle economie locali e favorire la transizione verso modelli di sviluppo a basse emissioni di gas serra (low-carbon emission economy). Il Mercato Volontario del Carbonio rappresenta lo strumento chiave per raggiungere tale obiettivo. La tematica, oltre a essere innovativa, è di grande attualità sia per i decisori pubblici, sia per l’imprenditoria locale. Il territorio ha bisogno di programmi e interventi concreti che considerino gli ecosistemi forestali come elementi trainanti per l’economia locale e - attraverso una gestione attiva e multifunzionale - indispensabili per attuare uno sviluppo sostenibile
Assessment of forest biomass and carbon stocks at stand level using site-specific primary data to support forest management
No full text-Introduction
• Quantification and mapping of forest Ecosystem Services (ESs) is essential to identify effective forest management practices and to support environmental institutions in the decision-making processes; • To mitigate climate change, the most important forest ESs are: (i) carbon stock and (ii) woody biomasssupply; • The use of models based on site-specific primary (measured) data collected in Forest Management Plans (FMPs) is essential to support the sustainable forest management.
General objectives
• To develop a model to quantify and map (1) carbon stock (ES1) and (2) woody biomass extracted from the forests (ES2) at stand level using site-specific primary data: 1.ES1 (modeling of carbon dynamics in forest): to calculate the mass of carbon (t·year-1) stocked in different pools over time according to the forest management practices; 2.ES2 (analysis of woody biomass harvesting chains): to calculate the mass (tDM·year-1) of different woody assortments extracted from the forest over time and economic (€·tDM-1) and environmental costs (tCO2eq·tDM-1) of the machinery chains.
Materials and methods
Results
Development of an interactive model for multi-level forest management. Direct users will be Mountains Communities (U1) and supply chain operators i.e. forestry enterprises (U2) Regarding U1: information about woody biomass (and C) and its evolution over time will be provided to support sustainable and multifunctional planning and management; regarding U2: indications to minimize the economic and environmental costs of woody biomass production will be provided to promote a greater use of local forestry resources
Modifying canopy architecture and photosynthesis to maximize barley biomass and yield for different end-uses (BARPLUS)
No full textAssessment of forest wood and carbon stock at the stand level : first results of a modeling approach for an Italian case study area of the Central Alps
No full textModels for carbon (C) stock assessment are widely applied in forest science, and mainly differ according to the scale of application, the required data, and the objectives for their implementation. This work presents the methodology implemented into the second version of an empirical model, WOody biomass and Carbon ASsessment (WOCAS v2), that uses the data of forest management plans (FMP) to calculate the mass of wood (tyear1 of dry matter, DM) and C (tyear1 C) at the stand level and from the year in which the FMPs came into force until a predefined reference year, for an Italian Case Study Area of Central Alps. The mass of wood and C are computed for (i) aboveground wood biomass (AWB), (ii) belowground wood biomass (BWB), and (iii) dead organic matter (DOM; i.e., dead wood and litter) according to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. WOCAS v2 was tested for the first time for 2019 public forest stands (3.67 104 ha) of Valle Camonica for the period 1984–2018. Results showed that, in 2018 and at the landscape level, the total living wood biomass (TLB; AWB + BWB) reached 5.35106 t DM. TLB yield (tha1year1 DM) ranged from 44.72 44.42 tha1year1 DM (1984) to 145.49 70.76 tha1year1 DM (2018). In the same year, DOM amounted to 6.12105 t DM, ranging from 8.28 7.79 tha1year1 DM (1989) to 17.11 12.03 tha1year1 DM (2015). The total weighted C yield, computed as the sum of C yield in AWB, BWB, and DOM of each stand, ranged from 26.63 26.80 tha1year1 C (1984) to 80.28 41.32 tha1year1 C (2018). The results demonstrated that FMPs data can be useful in estimating wood and C mass at the stand level and their variation over space and time for AWB as well as for BWB and DOM, which are not considered in the FMPs. This can represent a starting point for defining sustainable forest management policies
and practices to improve forest vitality and conservation in compatibility with ecosystem services provision. Moreover, as the model is based on a standardized methodology it can be applied in any other forest area where the same input data are made available; this may constitute the basis for further applications on a broader scale
Harvesting of wood in an italian district: a quantitative stand-level analysis
No full textTo mitigate climate change, one of the most important ecosystem services provided by forests is the production of wood, that can be used both for long life-cycle wood products and to generate energy (thermal, TE; electric, EE; GJ). The analysis of wood supply is essential: (i) to support local Authorities and supply chain operators in sustainable forest management, and (ii) to promote the transition into a low-carbon emission economy. The studies that quantify wood supply are still few and generally based on data coming from forest inventories or remote sensing, and rarely take into account site-specific primary data collected in the Forest Management Plans (FMP). In this study – carried out considering 45 FMPs located in the Valle Camonica District (Northern Italy) – data related to 2019 forest stands (total area: 3.67∙104 ha) were analyzed, showing that – in the period 1984-2016 – wood was harvested 4333 times in 1215 stands (60% of the total). The collected data were organized in the model WOody biomass and Carbon ASsessment (WOCAS v2), able to calculate – at the stand level – the masses of: (i) harvested stem (Sh; t·ha-1·yr-1 dry matter, hereafter DM), (ii) produced logging residues (Rp; t·ha-1·yr-1 DM), (iii) harvestable logging residues usable for energy conversion (Rh; t·ha-1·yr-1 DM), and (iv) stored carbon (Cm; t·ha-1·yr-1 C) within the stand. Results show that in the District: the total harvested stem is Sh_tot = 1.25∙105 t DM; logging residues reach 4.04∙104 and 2.70∙104 t DM for Rp and Rh, respectively. Assuming that Rh is transformed into woodchips (1.13÷1.32∙104 toe, corresponding to 4.72÷5.52∙105 GJ) to feed local cogeneration central heating plants equipped with Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), the cogenerated thermal and electric energy are: TE = 2.63÷3.08∙105 GJ and EE = 5.99÷7.01∙104 GJ, respectively. Moreover, if cogenerated energies substitute both the natural gas (the most widespread fossil fuel used in the District for heat generation) and the grid electricity (made by the Italian electrical production mix, based on fossil and renewable energy sources), the avoided emissions into the atmosphere (excluding the transport phase of the wood-to-energy chain) are equal to 2.25 ÷2.63∙104 t CO2
Valutazione di tecniche per la terminazione delle cover crop e il Contenimento delle Infestanti in agricoltura Conservativa (CICO). WP4: Valutazione di sostenibilità economica, energetica e ambientale (EEA)
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