59 research outputs found
Smartness, City Efficiency and Entrepreneurship Milieu
No full textThe definition of smart city and its measurement are not shared. Different characteristics define a city
as smart, which is strictly linked to urban efficiency and to entrepreneurship spirit in a multifaceted
way as well as to citizens’ well-being. On the basis of the comparison between city and entrepreneur
behaviour and on the definition of Giffinger et al. (2007) of smart city, this chapter verifies the efficiency
of a sample of European cities using a stochastic frontier approach. Departing from this analysis, the
chapter develops the relative smartness definition based on the efficient use of its own resources and
related to the different context. Moreover, as a city becomes close to the optimal value, the frontier will
shift upward because of the more attractiveness and a new adjustment mechanism should be followed
to become efficient again (virtuous cycle). Then, the concept of smartness becomes dynamic. This definition,
taking into account city’s performance, is able to sustain the entrepreneurship milieu of a city
Impostazione e prospettive della ricerca
No full textNegli ultimi anni i processi di pianificazione strategica si sono diffusi come metodo idoneo a sviluppare nuove forme di governance urbana e territoriale. L'idea di fondo è che, a livello locale, occorre saper leggere il proprio territorio, selezionare le priorità di intervento sostenibili e guidare, intorno a queste priorità, le risorse pubbliche e private. In tale contesto, le amministrazioni pubbliche sono fondamentali, poiché devono necessariamente svolgere un ruolo di regia nel garantire la costruzione di una visione condivisa e la realizzazione di un percorso che tenga conto dell'interesse generale della comunità di riferimento. Questo volume racconta l'esperienza di ricerca promossa dalla Provincia di Roma che ha visto come oggetto il litorale romano compreso fra il comuni di Civitavecchia e di Nettuno, al fine di definirne lo scenario di sviluppo di medio-lungo termine, individuarne la mission territoriale e stabilire azioni appropriate per lo sviluppo dell'area
Managing the Complexity: Decision Making Process on Sustainable Mobility
No full textStarting from the literature on decision processes in public choices, aim of the paper is to suggest an integrated methodology to get a choice as much as possible shared and participated joining two different approaches. On one hand there is the “classic” or top-down approach based on statistical data analysis and handling, having as target the definition of some synthetic indicators. On the other hand there is a bottom-up approach based on the Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) logical framework and on citizens participation. Particularly the paper will apply the above mentioned methodology to face the theme of sustainable mobility showing at the end the results obtained in the analysis of the 13th District of the Municipality of Rome. The choice of sustainable mobility as a target of decision process lies on the fact that actually it is included with a high priority in the agenda of European institutions and (local and national) administrative governments. The proposed model does not provide a solution, but rather defines a process able to recognize the particularities of different territorial contexts to yield appropriate, case specific solutions
Institutions, firms and environment in a framework of innovation
No full textThe aim of the paper is the analysis of innovation and institution as the key elements for reaching a higher social welfare and environmental quality. To determine a social optimum or a Pareto improvement, we consider the interaction between institution and firm in the short and in the medium/long run. Using a static comparative analysis, the interaction of these two agents, institution and market, is examined. Within the market an entrant and an incumbent firm are present, where the entrant firm represents the firm who radically innovates. Even if in the short run results show that the market alone is able to realize a Pareto improvement, however, whenever institution intervenes through an innovation adoption, both in short and in medium/long run a preferable solution with a better performance is reached. Our main results highlight that the strategic role of an innovating institution in each case considered consists in innovating towards green technology and in creating a competitive, attractive and environmentally sustainable milieu. From this point of view, technology innovation plays a central role in an economic and territorial development, orienting and optimizing the relationship between environmental quality and firm performance
Smart Cities and Eu growth strategy: a Comparison among European Cities
No full textThe level of interest in smart cities has been growing during these last years. The academic literature (Holland, 2008;
Caragliu et al., 2009, Nijkamp et al., 2011 and Lombardi et al., 2012) has identified a number of factors that
characterise a city as smart, such as economic development, business-friendly, environmental sustainability, social
innovation, information and knowledge process, and human and social capital. Thus, the smartness concept is strictly
linked to urban efficiency in a multifaceted way as well as to citizens’ wellbeing through the use of appropriate
technologies. Instead, from a “political perspective” smartness is mainly related to the ability of using ICT (Information
and Communication Technology) as instrument to strengthen economic growth. In this perspective, a research by
Giffinger et al. (2007) to support European policy has defined the concept of smart city on the basis of several
intangible indicators (such as a smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people, smart living, and
smart governance) and has become a benchmark for European policy makers (European Parliament’s Committee on
Industry, Research and Energy, 2014). Following this influential research, the aim of our paper is to verify how much
these smartness indicators can influence the efficiency and indirectly the growth of the same sample of European cities.
Using the concept of output maximising, we built a stochastic frontier function in terms of urban productivity and/or
urban efficiency by assessing the economic distance that separates cities from that frontier. Moreover, this approach,
which distinguishes between inputs and efficiency, allows us to incorporate the smartness indicators into the systematic
component within the error term. As a result, our conclusions identify a different ranking of European cities with
respect to Giffinger et al. (2007) analysis, thereby highlighting the need for a better and more robust definition of these
indicators
Public Choices and Decision-Making Processes: a Case Study on Sustainable Mobility
No full textThe definition of a decision process, which implies the capacity to implement and realize an action involving all the actors interested, is crucial not only for taking adequate political decisions but even mainly for getting a democratic control of the decisions themselves.
From a strategic planning point of view, decision process on public issues should be essentially considered as a process of participation, which involves political decision-makers as well as all the administrative organizations which have to realize the decisions taken and citizens and more generally all the stakeholders who will be impacted in a positive or negative way by such decisions. If this is the case, important issues arise: which is the methodology that should be followed to assess all the alternative solutions to adopt? How are analyzed the effects and the impacts of political decisions? How are evaluated the consequences of a set of actions?
To answer to all these questions, Decision Support Systems (DSSs) have been developed. They include measurement tools such as cost-benefit analysis as well as relational methods of “rational analysis” such as multicriteria analysis. DSSs’ allow decision makers to implement the best choices and decisions with the aim of reaching a Pareto improvement for the territory considered. Though these tools may be implemented to any socio-political decisions, in these last years the democratic and, therefore, political pressure has led to adopt DSSs’ mainly for two specific themes: the environment and the sustainable mobility.
Moreover, in the agenda of European institutions and local and national administrative governments, sustainable mobility is become a high priority. In this framework, the methodology1 proposed combines two different approaches. On the one hand, the “classic” or top-down approach based on statistical data analysis is considered where the main target is the definition of some synthetic indicators, while on the other hand, the bottom-up approach is adopted, which is based on the Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) framework and on citizens’ participation. This decision process as defined, should be followed for implementing specific and appropriate solutions at local level and for taking into consideration the peculiarities of the territory considered. Finally, a case-study regarding the ex-13th District of the Municipality of Rome is presented
Sviluppo socio-economico della Sardegna: federalismo, libertà repubblicana e reddito minimo garantito
No full textIl problema del mancato e/o insoddisfacente sviluppo del Meridione d’Italia ricorre con insistenza e da varie angolature nel dibattito politico e scientifico. I contributi spaziano dall’analisi delle cause determinanti l’inefficacia dell’azione politica nel promuovere un migliore sentiero di sviluppo, alla proposizione di formule capaci di correggere tale situazione e determinare così percorsi di convergenza interregionale o di catching-up. In questo quadro la Sardegna si presta ad essere studiata quale utile “laboratorio” per analizzare le principali dinamiche e variabili istituzionali alla base del dualismo nord-sud che caratterizza l’economia italiana, nonché ad approfondire e vagliare nuovi approcci e soluzioni al problema degli squilibri interregionali. L’articolo, muovendo da questo assunto analizza i motivi di fondo sottostanti al deludente sviluppo socio-economico promosso nell’isola e suggerisce possibili sentieri di riforma delle istituzioni politiche e nuove misure economiche di intervento con particolare riferimento alla necessità di una riattualizzazione dei principi federalisti e dell’idea del reddito minimo garantito
Il contrasto all’economia sommersa: un’analisi comparata di policies
No full textSOMMARIO: 1. L’economia non osservata. – 2. Economia sommersa e corruzione. – 3. La
consistenza del sommerso. – 4. Le motivazioni e le dinamiche sociali collegate
all’economia sommersa. – 5. Gli approcci per la lotta al sommerso in Europa:
deterrenza e incentivo. – 6. Conclusioni
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