11 research outputs found
The Interpretation of “diaspora” in Chinese Language: its Diversity and Influence on Social Theory and Practice
Get PDFIntroduction. The Chinese language, unlike Russian, has several terms, denoting different statuses of Chinese migrants, but there is no term such as “diaspora”. These features are interpreted by the authors along the lines of social ontology as independent sociological concepts, constructing particular migrant groups. The article’s oobjective is to show their internal coherence and correlation with the notion of “diaspora” as well as to outline the difficulties and problems occurring as the result of the interaction between researchers dealing with the topic. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that researchers have paid little attention to differences in national academic discourses that are meanwhile very important because intercultural differences can only be negotiated if there is an understanding of what they are. With regard to diaspora discussions, this understanding has yet to be developed. The article shows that in diaspora studies there is a language barrier, which at the moment is currently an impassable obstacle for authors who write about the diaspora in different languages.Methodology and sources. To work on the article, the authors used a discursive analysis of academic texts on Chinese migration and Chinese migrants, as well as dictionaries and official documents such as the Large Chinese-Russian Dictionary, the Tsihai Dictionary (辞海 ci hai – Sea of words), the Large Russian Encyclopedia, State Council resolutions, and Chinese legislation.Results and discussion. The treatment of 10 terms replacing the notion of “diaspora” in Chinese language is disclosed. The authors describe characteristic features of each group. It is illustrated that there is a linguistic asymmetry, as a result of which the European notion of “diaspora” receives specific connotations when translated into Chinese that cannot account all the features of this community, thus in the Chinese academic discourse the substitution with the most important from the translator and editor's point of view equivalent (the situation “instead of diaspora”) is made.Conclusion. It is concluded that in Chinese, through translation, the author expresses important features of the migrant community, emphasising either its closeness, or its distance to the “diaspora” status
Мнемотехника как эффективная педагогическая технология в изучении русской медицинской лексики иностранными студентами-медиками
Get PDFIntroduction. The article is devoted to the application of mnemonics as an effective pedagogical technology in the study of Russian professional medical lexicon by foreign students of medical faculties. The main demand of modern society is the high grade of learning of medical graduates, including foreign ones who has been studying Russian language. Purpose setting. The author of the article aims to show the positive result of the author's mnemonics technology use as an effective pedagogical technology in teaching medical students from Arab countries, solving the problems of quick memorization and correct reproduction of professional medical terms in Russian (using the example of the text on the discipline «Anatomy»). Methodology and methods of the study. The methodological basis of the study was the identification of the volume of memorized and reproduced Russian professional medical lexicon by foreign students during the experiment. Results. Pedagogical technology with mnemonic techniques was introduced by the author in classes with foreign students from Arab countries of 2–4 courses of the Medical Faculty of Ulyanovsk State University, studying in the specialty «General Medicine». Studies conducted with experimental and control groups of students after applying the author's technology showed: the volume of reproduced information in the experimental group is 71 % of the studied amount of information, and in the control group – only 42 %, what indicates the high efficiency of the author's mnemonic pedagogical technology. Conclusions. The practical significance of the work is in the acceleration of the memorization of medical lexicon by foreign students and can be used in Russian as a foreign language classes at medical faculties of Russian universities.Введение. Статья посвящена вопросам применения мнемотехники как эффективной педагогической технологии в изучении иностранными студентами медицинских факультетов профессиональной медицинской лексики на русском языке. Основным запросом современного общества является высокий уровень обученности выпускников медицинских факультетов, в том числе выпускников-иностранцев, изучающих русский язык. Постановка задачи. Цель статьи – показать положительный результат применения авторской мнемотехники как эффективной педагогической технологии в обучении студентов-медиков из арабских стран, решающей задачи быстрого запоминания и правильного воспроизведения профессиональных медицинских терминов на русском языке (на примере текста по дисциплине «Анатомия»). Методика и методология исследования. Методологической основой исследования стало выявление объема запомненной и воспроизведенной русской профессиональной медицинской лексики иностранными студентами в ходе эксперимента. Результаты. Педагогическая технология с мнемоническими приемами была внедрена автором на занятиях с иностранными студентами из арабских стран 2 – 4 курсов медицинского факультета Ульяновского государственного университета, обучающихся по специальности «Лечебное дело». Исследования, проведенные с экспериментальной и контрольной группами студентов, после применения авторской технологии показали: в экспериментальной группе объем воспроизведенной информации – 71 % от изученного объема информации, а в контрольной – всего 42 %, что свидетельствует о высокой эффективности разработанной педагогической технологии. Выводы. Практическая значимость работы состоит в том, что разработанная технология значительно ускоряет запоминание медицинской лексики иностранными студентами и может быть использована на занятиях русского языка как иностранного на медицинских факультетах российских вузов
Prevention of mixed respiratory infections in young cattle
No full textThe possibility of use of phytomedicine in conjunction with hyperimmune serum of animal donors to enhance the preventive effectiveness at mixed respiratory infections in calves was studied. In a farm in Nizhny Novgorod region with unfavorable in terms of mixed respiratory infections of viral and bacterial etiology a high level of morbidity (80%) and mortality (26%) was revealed. Before use of medicines in clinically healthy calves aged 20-30 days mild immunodeficiency was found characterizing by decrease in relative T-cell content by 20.0%, functional activity of blood neutrophils in spontaneous and induced tests by 19.0%, lysozyme activity by 29.0% when compared with minimum value of the physiological norm for this age period. On the background of the immunological imbalance drastically decreases the effectiveness of traditional therapies. Use of Maxophyt in conjunction with hyperimmune serum of donor animals promoted statistically significant rise in initially reduced immunological parameters and intense specific immunity in clinically healthy calves: absolute and relative T- and B-cell content increased by 36.0%, 38.0% and 50.0%, 67.0% respectively, functional activity of blood neutrophils in spontaneous and induced tests by 18.0% and 32.0%, IgG and IgM levels by 46.0% and 53.0% respectively, lysozyme activity of blood serum by 60.0%. Subcutenous injection of hyperimmune serum of donor animals in conjunction with aerosol treatment with phytomedicine Maxophyt enhanced the preventive effectiveness at mixed respiratory infections of viral and bacterial etiology to 96.2% which was 21.2% higher when compared with the control and average daily body weight gain to 890.0 ± 22.8 g which was 26.0% higher when compared with the control. Combination of medicines provided the 100% safety of calves in experimental groups which was 8.3% higher when compared with the control. The course of disease in experimental calves was mild
NEPHROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE PHYTOCOMPLEX ON THE BASIS OF THE SMALL-LEAVED TANGENT
No full textИммунологические и биохимические особенности патогенеза саркоидоза легких и идиопатического фиброзирующего альвеолита
Get PDFImmunological and biochemical parameters such as: Interleukin 1 and 2 (IL-1, IL-2), prostaglandin E and F2alfa levels, subpopulations of T-lymphocytes, the activity of elastase and collagenase were studied in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and pulmonary sarcoidosis.It was found that the immunoreactivity of the patients is characterized by high levels of the IL-1 and IL-2 activity and the T-lymphocyte subpopulation disbalance. High levels of elastase and collagenase in bronchoalveolar fluid in these patients were detected.Иммунологические и биохимические параметры, такие как уровни интерлейкина 1 и 2 (IL-1, IL-2), простагландина Е и F2alfa, субпопуляции Т-лимфоцитов, активность эластазы и коллагеназы, исследовались у пациентов с криптогенным фиброзирующим альвеолитом и легочным саркоидозом.Было найдено, что иммунореактивность данных пациентов характеризуется высокими уровнями IL-1 и IL-2 активности и дисбалансом субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов. Высокие уровни эластазы и коллагеназы были обнаружены в бронхоальвеолярной жидкости у этих пациентов
CОСТОЯНИЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В СФЕРЕ ГОСТЕПРИИМСТВА
Get PDFThe article deals with the state of business in the hospitality industry in China, domestic tourism, inbound tourism in China as entrepreneurial activity, outbound tourism from China to other countries. Hospitalityis one of the most important parts of thevast services market, and is a fast-growingand highly profitable industry that coulddirectly, indirectly, so as to infl uence the formation of conditions for sustainable socio-economic growth.Встатье рассмотрено состояние предпринимательскойдеятельности в сферегостеприимствавКитае, внутренний туризм, въездной туризм в Китае как предпринимательские деятельности, выездной туризм из Китая в другие страны. Гостеприимства является одной из важнейших частей обширного рынка услуг, и представляет собой быстрорастущую и высокодоходную индустрию, способную прямо, как так косвенно влиять на формирование условийустойчивогосоциально-экономического роста
МЕНИНГОКОККОВАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ: ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА ИСХОД
Get PDFGeneralized forms of meningococcal infection are characterized by high risk of complication and fatal outcomes. In Russian Federation, 2016, meningococcal infection was the second most common cause of pediatric deaths (25%) due to infectious diseases after community associated-pneumonia. Mandatory vaccination against meninococcal infection is not regulated, and immunization coverage according to epidemic indications is insufficient. During first 6–8 hours of illness clinical signs of this infection may be non-specific, because of that it is difficult to make correct diagnosis at outpatient department. Aim of the study was to analyze mistakes of diagnostics of meningococcal infection and to assess factors influencing the disease outcome. Material and methods. Retrospective cohort study was performed including 113 pediatric cases of generalized meningococcal infection occurred in Arkhangelsk region (46 cases with fatal outcome and 67 patients, who recovered). Factors influencing the outcome were recognized using Cox regression. Results. Median age of patients was 11 months. Clinical forms were meningitis (13,3%), meningococcemia (40,7%), mixed form (46%). The diagnosis of meningococcal infection was made at outpatient department in 36,9% of cases. The main causes of diagnostic mistakes were the lack of experience among primary care physicians and non-specificic symptoms during the first hours of the disease. Age younger 2 years, septic shock and time between onset of the diseases and admission to the hospital were associated with fatal outcome. Conclusion. To manage meningococcal disease we need to have good compliance with clinical guidelines for outpatient departments and hospitals; to optimize medical students education for prevention of diagnostic mistakes. Vaccination is the most effective method of prevention of deaths associated with meningococcal infection.Генерализованные формы менингококковой инфекции отличаются высоким риском развития осложнений и летальных исходов. В Российской Федерации (РФ) в 2016 г. менингококковая инфекция заняла второе место (25%) после внебольничных пневмоний в структуре причин смерти детей от инфекционных заболеваний. Обязательная вакцинация против менинкогокковой инфекции не регламентирована, а охват иммунизацией по эпидемическим показаниям недостаточный. В первые 6–8 ч симптомы этой инфекции неспецифические, поэтому клиническая диагностика инфекции на догоспитальном этапе представляет сложность. Цель: анализ причин диагностических ошибок при оказании медицинской помощи пациентам с менингококковой инфекцией и оценка факторов, влияющих на исход болезни. Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное когортное исследование 113 случаев генерализованной менингококковой инфекции у детей, проживающих в Архангельской области (46 умерших от менингококковой инфекции детей и 67 пациентов, у которых заболевание закончилось выздоровлением). Для выявления факторов, влияющих на исход заболевания, использовали регрессионный анализа Кокса. Результаты. Средний возраст пациентов составил 11 месяцев. Клинические формы были представлены менингитом в 13,3% случаев, менингококцемией – в 40,7% случаев, смешанной формой – у 46% детей. При направлении в стационар менингококковая инфекция была диагностирована в 36,9% случаев. Главными причинами ошибок диагностики менингококковой инфекции были – отсутствие опыта у врачей первичного звена и неспецифичность симптоматики в первые часы болезни, а факторами, влияющими на исход, – возраст младше 2 лет, наличие септического шока и своевременность госпитализации. Заключение. Для решения проблемы менингококковой инфекции необходимо: соблюдение клинических рекомендаций при оказании медицинской помощи на догоспитальном этапе и в стационаре; оптимизация образовательного процесса для профилактики ошибок диагностики. Наиболее эффективным способом предотвращения летальности от менингококковой инфекции является специфическая профилактика
Particularities of Cu and Zn Nanoparticles Formation in a Magnetic Field
Get PDFWe studied experimentally the condensation of Zn and Cu vapors from a high-temperature gas in an external weak constant magnetic field. We observed at all applied conditions, a chaotic time shift of the maximum of the size distribution function of dispersed particles. Simultaneously, a decrease in the width of the size distribution function of dispersed Zn particles from 40 nm (0 mT) to 10 nm (44 mT or 76 mT) was observed. The sizes of Zn particles were determined by laser probing. The sizes of dispersed Cu particles, determined by analyzing a substrate sample, were in the range of 10-400 nm without a magnetic field, and the range 30-320 nm in a magnetic field of 30 mT. The authors explain the observed results by arranging the dynamics of the spin pair of unpaired electrons of an atom from the gas phase and of an atom on the surface of a condensed particle in a magnetic field. Therefore, in a magnetic field, when an atom collides with a dispersed particle or condensation nucleus, the probability of creation of a singlet pair of spins of unpaired electrons is higher than that without a field
Drug Safety for Children — International Monitoring Data for 50 Years
Get PDFThe review article presents a summary of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in children, information about which was received in 1968–2018 in the International database VigiBase (Uppsala monitoring center, UMC). Of the 18.4 million Individual Safety Case Reports (ICSR) received over 50 years by VigiBase, 1.47 million ICSR contain information on the safety of pharmacotherapy in patients under the age of 18, including: 34 510 reports contain information on ADR in children under the age of 27 days, 415 678 — in children aged 28 days to 23 months, 613 676 — aged 2 to 11 years and 405 202 ICSR — in patients aged 12 to 17 years inclusive. During 2018 141 655 ICSR ADR of children in VigiBase was received. The most common reason for submitting reports on adverse effects in children was vaccines, antibiotics, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, analgesics-antipyretics, anti-acne and valproic acid. The most common side effects of drugs in children were the following ADR: hyperthermia, rash, vomiting, nausea, urticaria, diarrhea, itching, headache, erythema at injection site, convulsion. Separate data on 6 age groups about 10 most frequent ADR in children and about 10 medicines which ICSR most often arrived in VigiBase for 50 years and for 2018 are given
Аномальное отхождение левой коронарной артерии от ствола легочной артерии: оценка роли КТ-ангиографии сердца (клиническое наблюдение)
Get PDFAnomalous origin of the left coronary artery (LCA) arising from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA or a Bland-WhiteGarland Syndrome) is a congenital heart pathology where the left main trunk (LM) originates from the pulmonary artery system (PA). Clinical signs of the defect were studied and described in 1933 by Cardiologists E. Bland, P. White, J. Garland; this anomaly took its name as “syndrome of Bland–White–Garland” (BWGS) from them. Frequency of LCA origin from LM is 0.025–0.05 per 1,000 newborns, 0.22% of all congenital heart defects (CHD) and 0.4–0.7% of critical CHD. Clinical supervision of a patient with BWGS first identified at age of 12 years, is exemplified. This example demonstrates that if CHD is suspected CT angiography of heart shall be made for the earliest and accurate diagnosis and determination of CHD type.Аномальное отхождение левой коронарной артерии от легочной артерии (АОЛКА, или синдром Bland–White– Garland) – врожденная патология сердца, при которой ствол левой коронарной артерии (ЛКА) берет начало от системы легочной артерии (ЛА). Клинические признаки порока были изучены и описаны в 1933 г. американскими кардиологами E. Bland, P. White, J. Garland, в честь которых данная аномалия получила название “синдром Бланда–Уайта–Гарланда” (СБУГ). При этом частота отхождения ЛКА от ЛА составляет 0,025–0,05 на 1000 новорожденных, 0,22% среди всех врожденных пороков сердца (ВПС) и 0,4–0,7% среди критических ВПС. Приведено клиническое наблюдение пациентки, у которой СБУГ был впервые выявлен в возрасте 12 лет. Данный пример демонстрирует, что при подозрении на наличие ВПС, для наиболее ранней и точной диагностики, определения вида ВПС необходимо проводить КТ-ангиографию сердца
