9 research outputs found
Helminth parasites of the whiskered brown bat, myotis aurescens (Kuzyakin, 1935) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Turkey
No full textFifteen individuals of Myotis aurescens (six females, nine males) from Bursa Province, Turkey, were examined for helminths and found to harbour six species of Digenea (Prosthodendrium ascidia, Pr. longiforme, Lecithodendrium linstowi, Plagiorchis muelleri, P vespertilionis and P. koreanus) and one species of Nematoda (Rictularia lucifugus). Prosthodendrium ascidia was found in all host specimens and had the highest mean intensity per bat as well as abundance. This is the first helminth record of Myotis aurescens from Turkey. Myotis aurescens represents a new host record for all the parasite species. Prosthodendrium ascidia, L. linstowi, P. muelleri, P. koreanus, R. lucifugus are reported from Turkey for the first time
Basilia mongolensis subsp. nudior Hurka 1972
No full textBasilia mongolensis nudior Hůrka, 1972 Material. 1 ♀ ex Myotis nattereri, Samur River Valley, 2.V.2019, leg. Y.A. Bykov; 1 ♀ ex My. davidii, bank of Terek River, 22.V.2019, leg. D.G. Smirnov. Distribution. Russian Federation: Dagestan Republic (new record). Europe (Heddergott 2009; Kock 1984; Ševčík et al. 2013). Turkey (Hůrka 1972; Aktaş & Hasbenli 1994). Hosts. Myotis mystacinus (Szentiványi et al. 2016), My. alcathoe Helversen & Heller (Szentiványi et al. 2016), My. davidii (Szentiványi et al. 2016, as My. aurascens Kuzyakin; this paper), Plecotus austriacus (Fischer) (Szentiványi et al. 2016), My. nattereri (new record).Published as part of Orlova, Maria V., Klimov, Pavel B., Moskvitina, Nina S., Orlov, Oleg L., Zhigalin, Alexander V., Smirnov, Dmitriy G., Dzhamirzoyev, Hadzhibek S., Vekhnik, Vladimir P., Pavlov, Alexander V., Emelyanova, Alla A. & Khristenko, Ekaterina, 2021, New records of bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), with an updated checklist of the nycteribiids of Russia, pp. 410-430 in Zootaxa 4927 (3) on page 415, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/454235
Reconstruction of the mean January air temperature in the Early Holocene on the eastern coast of Chukotka
No full textThe investigation is concerned with the Early Holocene syngenetic massive wedge ice exposed in the outcrop of a polygonal peatland in the upper part of the third marine terrace near Lorino settlement on the eastern coast of Chukotka. Based on the obtained radiocarbon dates of peat, it was found that the formation of a peatland in the area began about 14–13 cal ka BP, at the end of the Younger Dryas, while the termination of the active stage of peat accumulation was dated to about 10–9 cal ka BP. The beginning of peat accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas, earlier the officially accepted limit of the lower boundary of the Holocene (11.7 cal ka BP), and the termination of its formation by the middle of the Greenlandian Holocene period is not a rare phenomenon in Russian permafrost zone, although it is traditionally assumed that the most active formation of peatlands has been going on during the thermal maximum in the middle of the Holocene. The age inversions noted in the peat vertical profiles are the most likely indicative of the processes of re-deposition of ancient organic material due to erosion by water of the third marine terrace sediments and the separation of the allochthonous peat. During the period from 2015 to 2021, six fragments of peatland exposures with the ice wedges were studied. Analysis of the obtained data on the content of stable oxygen isotopes in the ice show that δ18О values vary within the range from –15.5 to –18‰. These values are in good agreement with the data for Early Holocene ice wedges earlier obtained in other areas of the eastern coast of Chukotka (Anadyr town, Uelen settlement), where authors report the δ18O values from –16 to –19.4‰. This suggests that the ice wedge growth as well as the peat accumulation were the most active in Early Holocene. The highest δ18О values (from –13.1 to –16.8‰) were obtained for the modern ice veinlets. The ratio δ2 H–δ18O in the ice wedges, in general, is indicative of a good preservation of isotope signature of winter precipitation. It has been found that approximate mean January air temperature in the Early Greenlandian period varied from –23 to –27°С, which is, on average, 3°С below than the present-day ones
Crocidura shantungensis Miller 1901
No full textCrocidura shantungensis Miller, 1901 —Asian Lesser White-toothed Shrew Crocidura shantungensis Miller, 1901 p.158; Type locality-Shantung, China; Jo et al., 2012 p.250. C. coreae Thomas, 1907b p.462; Type locality- Korea (Pyeongchang, Gimhwa, and Cheongju); Tate, 1947 p.60. C. longicauda Mori, 1927 p.28; Type locality- Seoul; Tate, 1947 p.60. C. dsinezumi quelpartis Kuroda, 1934a p.236; Jones & Johnson, 1960 p.562; Corbet, 1978 p.28; Yoon, 1992 p.26. C. utsuryoensis Mori, 1937 p.41; Type locality- Ulleung Island, Korea; Won, 1958 p.451; Won, 1967 p.277; Won, 1968 p.72. C. ilensis shantungensis: Kuroda, 1940 p.182. C. ilensis coreae: Imaizumi, 1949 p.80. C. suaveolens coreae: Bobrinskoy & Kuzyakin in Bobrinskoy et al., 1944 p.57; Jones & Johnson, 1960 p.567. C. suaveolens: Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.76; Corbet, 1978 p.27. C. bolivari: Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.85 (Ulleung Island). C. suaveolens shantungensis: Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.77; Won, 1958 p.451; Won, 1967 p.275; Won, 1968 p.66; Corbet, 1978 p.23; Yoon, 1992 p.24. C. russula quelpartis: Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.81; Won, 1958 p.451; Won, 1967 p.273. C. suaveolens utsuryoensis: Jones & Johnson, 1960 p.569; Corbet, 1978 p.23; Yoon, 1992 p.24. C. suaveolens: Won, 1968 p.65; Han, 1994 p.45; Won & Smith, 1999 p.9; Han, 2004a p.27. C. lasiura quelpartis: Won, 1968 p.71. C. dsinezumi: Corbet, 1978 p.28; Han, 1994 p.45; Won & Smith, 1999 p.8; Han, 2004a p.25. Range: The distribution of C. shantungensis covers the Korean Peninsula and most Korean islands (Fig. 8; 3 rd National Nature-Environmental Survey 2006–2013 unpublished electronic data). Remarks: Although C. shantungensis was regarded as a subspecies of C. suaveolens, Jiang and Hoffmann (2001) demonstrated morphological differences between C. shantungensis and C. suaveolens and treated C. suaveolens shantungenis as a separate species with the population in East Asia referred to C. shantungensis, as originally described by Miller (1901). Genetic investigations using mtDNA (Ohdachi et al. 2004) and nuclear genes (Dubey et al. 2008) distinguished C. shantungensis from C. suaveolens. In Korea, Mori (1937) differentiated the Asian lesser white-toothed shrew on Ulleung Island from the peninsula population, C. s. coreae Thomas, 1907 and recognized it as the Subspecies C. s. utsuryoensis Mori, 1937 . Although the population on Jeju Island was considered a subspecies of C. dsinezumi or C. russula, Iwasa et al. (2001) identified the population of white-tooted shrew on Jeju Island as C. shantungensis qeulpartis Kuroda, 1934 (Jo et al. 2012). Conservation status: Although the North Korean government listed this species as ‘Rare’ (MAB National Committee of DPR Korea 2002), the South Korean government deemed C. shantungensis as ‘Least Concern’ (NIBR 2012).Published as part of Jo, Yeong-Seok, Baccus, John T. & Koprowski, John L., 2018, Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status, pp. 1-216 in Zootaxa 4522 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261019
Реконструкция среднеянварской температуры воздуха в раннем голоцене на восточном побережье Чукотки
Get PDFThe investigation is concerned with the Early Holocene syngenetic massive wedge ice exposed in the outcrop of a polygonal peatland in the upper part of the third marine terrace near Lorino settlement on the eastern coast of Chukotka. Based on the obtained radiocarbon dates of peat, it was found that the formation of a peatland in the area began about 14–13 cal ka BP, at the end of the Younger Dryas, while the termination of the active stage of peat accumulation was dated to about 10–9 cal ka BP. The beginning of peat accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas, earlier the officially accepted limit of the lower boundary of the Holocene (11.7 cal ka BP), and the termination of its formation by the middle of the Greenlandian Holocene period is not a rare phenomenon in Russian permafrost zone, although it is traditionally assumed that the most active formation of peatlands has been going on during the thermal maximum in the middle of the Holocene. The age inversions noted in the peat vertical profiles are the most likely indicative of the processes of re-deposition of ancient organic material due to erosion by water of the third marine terrace sediments and the separation of the allochthonous peat. During the period from 2015 to 2021, six fragments of peatland exposures with the ice wedges were studied. Analysis of the obtained data on the content of stable oxygen isotopes in the ice show that δ18О values vary within the range from –15.5 to –18‰. These values are in good agreement with the data for Early Holocene ice wedges earlier obtained in other areas of the eastern coast of Chukotka (Anadyr town, Uelen settlement), where authors report the δ18O values from –16 to –19.4‰. This suggests that the ice wedge growth as well as the peat accumulation were the most active in Early Holocene. The highest δ18О values (from –13.1 to –16.8‰) were obtained for the modern ice veinlets. The ratio δ2 H–δ18O in the ice wedges, in general, is indicative of a good preservation of isotope signature of winter precipitation. It has been found that approximate mean January air temperature in the Early Greenlandian period varied from –23 to –27°С, which is, on average, 3°С below than the present-day ones.Формирование полигонального торфяника на поверхности третьей морской террасы в районе села Лорино на восточном побережье Чукотки началось в конце позднего дриаса и завершилось в начале голоцена. Среднеянварская температура воздуха в первой половине гренландского периода голоцена, реконструированная на основе данных изотопного состава повторно-жильных льдов, возраст которых не моложе 10–9 тыс. кал. лет назад, в среднем на 3°С ниже современной и варьировала от –23 до –27°С
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА САЛАТА В ОТКРЫТОМ ГРУНТЕ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕГО ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕЛКОТОВАРНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ООО «ВЕСЁЛЫЙ АГРОНОМ» ДМИТРОВСКОГО РАЙОНА МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)
Get PDFExperts of the World Health Organization (WHO) came to the conclusion that a healthy lifestyle is impossible without 7 types of vegetables: cabbage, carrots, onions, tomato, pepper, broccoli and garden cress. Their minimum consumption is 220 g/day for 1 person. This predetermines the task of increasing the production of vegetables and a significant expansion of the range of vegetable products. According to FAOSTAT, the volume of production of lettuce and leaf chicory in 2016 amounted to 24.896116 million tons, which is 2.2% of the total production of vegetables (melon is not included). The largest producer in the world is China, which produces 54.2%. In the United States, 20.5% are produced, and in the EU – 13.9% of the total volume of lettuce and leaf chicory worldwide. The article shows the experience of LLC "Vesely Agronom", which rents floodplain meadowlands in the Dmitrovsky district since 2012 and grows lettuce and leaf chicory. Their production in the open ground is carried out by seedling method with the use of film greenhouses. Analysis of the production of lettuce shows that their sown area increased from 11 hectares in 2013 to 70 hectares in 2017, and the volume of sold products – from 50 to 650 tons, respectively. The profit from sales increased over 5 years from 1.27 million rubles in 2013 to 7.8 million rubles in 2017. In the structure of costs, seeds and seedlings account for 24%, and the share of wages – 29%.Специалисты Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) пришли к выводу, что здоровый образ жизни невозможен без 7 видов овощей: капусты, моркови, лука, томата, перца, брокколи и кресссалата. Минимальное их потребление составляет 220 г/день на 1 чел. Это и предопределяет задачу увеличения производства овощей и существенного расширения ассортимента овощной продукции. По данным FAOSTAT объем производства салата-латука и салата цикорного в 2016 году составил 24,896116 млн т, что составляет 2,2% от общего объема производства овощей (дыня не включена). Самым крупным производителем в мире является Китай, который производит 54,2%. В США производят 20,5%, а в ЕС – 13,9% от общего объема произведенного салата-латука и салата цикорного во всем мире. В статье приведен опыт ООО «Весёлый агроном», который арендует пойменные луговые земли в с. Орудьево Дмитровского района с 2012 года и выращивает салат-латук и салат цикорный. Их производство в открытом грунте осуществляется рассадным способом с использованием плёночных теплиц. Анализ производства салатов показывает, что их посевная площадь возросла с 11 га в 2013 году до 70 га в 2017 году, а объём реализованной продукции – с 50 до 650 т соответственно. Прибыль от реализации возросла за 5 лет с 1,27 млн руб. в 2013 году до 7,8 млн руб. в 2017 году. Прибыль на 1 га возросла с 51,6 до 151,1 тыс. руб., на 1 т – с 5,2 до 25,5 тыс. руб. В структуре затрат семена и рассада составляют 24%, а доля заработной платы – 29%. В целом, в условиях мелкотоварного хозяйства Московской области в открытом грунте возможно организовать ритмичное поступление салата (650 т) с прибылью не менее 12 тыс. руб. на 1 т.
δ18O values in samples from ice wedges near the village of the Baydarata Bay
No full textThe main purpose of this work is to establish the formation time of Holocene syngenetic ice wedges that have been exposed on the coast of Baydarata Bay near the village of Yarynskaya, 500 m to the southeast from the mouth of the Ngarka-Tambyakha River.Radiocarbon dating of microinclusions of organic matter, extracted directly from three Holocene syngenetic ice wedges, was conducted using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The dating of the wedges correlates to their formation approximately 6.4, 5.0, and 1.9 cal ka BP. A comparison of the oxygen isotopic composition of the Holocene ice wedges (in which the δ18О values vary mainly from -21.8 to -13.73%) and modern ice wedges (the age of which, as a rule, does not exceed 100 years) showed a close range of variations in values. According to isotope oxygen data, the average January air paleotemperature in the Middle and Late Holocene at the coast of the Baydarata Bay was calculated. It is shown that the average January air temperature during this period here varied from about -20 to -25 °C, however, during milder winters it could be about -18 °C.
Ice samples were collected from ice wedges along the vertical profile every 10 cm using Makita DDF481rte 18B and Bosch GSR 36 VE-2-LI drills with steel ice crowns with a diameter of 51 mm. Measurements of the oxygen isotopic compositions in ice were performed on a Picarro L 2130-i laser infrared spectrometer at the Center for X-ray Diffraction Studies at the Research Park of St. Petersburg State University (XRD Center SPbU). The following international standards were used: V-SMOW-2, GISP, SLAP, USGS-45, and USGS-46. The measurement errors were ±0.02‰ for δ18O. In total,
63 samples of ice wedges were analyzed
Nyctalus noctula Schreber 1774
No full text15. Common Noctule Nyctalus noctula French: Noctule commune / German: Grof3er Abendsegler / Spanish: Néctulo mediano Other common names: Noctule, Noctule Bat Taxonomy. Vespertilio noctula Schreber, 1774, France. Nyctalus noctula is sister to the clade including N. lasiopterus and N. aviator. N. plancyi has sometimes been included within this species, but is here recognized as a full species. The name labiatus has been moved to N. plancy: because of the clear morphological differences between N. noctula and labiatus, although labiatus has not been properly compared with N. plancyi; further research is required. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. N. n. noctula Schreber, 1774 — throughout Europe from Great Britain, France, and Spain E to W Russia, W Kazakhstan, and SW Turkmenistan, including S Scandinavia, Gotland and Oland Is, and Cyprus (Cyprus records somewhat tentatively regarded as this subspecies). Absent throughout much of Iberia and is locally extinct in Portugal. N. n. lebanoticus D. L.. Harrison, 1962 — WC & SW Syria, Lebanon, and NE Israel. N. n. mecklenburzevi Kuzyakin, 1934 — SC & E Kazakhstan, SC Russia, W Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and NW China (Xinjiang). The species may be present in N Africa, with two records claimed from Algeria in 1858, but these may represent N. lasiopterus; further sampling is needed. Descriptive notes. Head-body 60-89 mm, tail 40-66 mm, ear 16-21 mm, hindfoot 12-14 mm, forearm 47-60 mm; weight 17-44 g. Dorsal pelage of the Common Noctule is a distinctive reddish brown (individual hairs unicolored), while ventral pelage is slightly paler. Juveniles and freshly molted adults are duller brown throughout. Ventral pelage extends onto wings and interfemoral membrane, as in other noctules. Face, ears, and membranes are dark brown, and tail extends a few millimeters past the uropatagium. Muzzle is short, with large glands between nostrils and eyes, and ears are short and triangular, with 4-5 folds on outer edge. Tragus is very short and rounded, mushroom-shaped, as is characteristic of the genus. Wings attach at ankle, and calcar reaches halfway to tail. Postcalcarial lobe is wide, with a visible T-shaped piece of cartilage. Common Noctules give off a distinctive musky odor. Skull is relatively high and wide; lambdoidal crest is undeveloped, and zygomatic arch is thin; I is larger than I*; crown of P* is one-half the size of or nearly equal to I’; lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 42 and FN = 54. Habitat. Primarily found in temperate deciduous forests, wetlands, and agricultural fields and pastures; found at elevations from sea level up to ¢. 1900 m, preferring lowland regions but in Switzerland can be found at ¢. 1900 m. Common Noctules are well adapted to surviving in urban settings throughout their distribution, flying and foraging throughout cities and suburban areas. Food and Feeding. Insectivorous. Common Noctules are fast-flying aerial hawkers that forage primarily at higher altitudes above the canopy of forests or over open areas. Their diet consists mainly of large flying insects such as larger moths, beetles (e.g. cockchaters Melolontha spp.), and crickets, and smaller swarming insects, such as chironomids, anisopodids, and tipulids (Diptera), as well as some Trichoptera. When feeding on swarming species, the noctules can catch many more of them at once, which can be seen as a form of aerial filterfeeding. In Switzerland, harder coleopteran prey (Melolontha spp. in spring and Geotrupes spp. in autumn) were preferred over swarming insects during spring and autumn, while swarming insects were preferred during summer. This suggests a rather opportunistic hunting strategy for the species. Although they hibernate throughout winter, they will also forage as much as possible and have been recorded flying throughout winter and at temperatures below 0°C. During winter in central Europe, two groups of arachnids (Araneida, Acari) and nine orders of insects (Homoptera, Heteroptera, Psocoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Siphonaptera) were identified in fecal samples from roosting bats. Lepidoptera (moths in particular making up the most important component throughout), Diptera, Coleoptera, and Araneida were the most prolific portions of their diet throughout winter but this changed markedly through the season. The presence of arachnids indicates that the species may also be foraging by gleaning, although this has not been reported. Breeding. Like other noctule species, the Common Noctule exhibits delayed fertilization, mating in late summer and early autumn before entering hibernation. During late summer, single males establish mating roosts, emitting shrill mating calls at the roost entrance or during flight, as well as having a strong odor, in order to attract a small harem of up to 20 females (4-5 is more common). Females stay with the male for c.1-2 days, in which time they copulate. Young are generally born in late June or July after just over two months of gestation. Litter size is 1-2 young, although two is commonest. Maternal colonies generally occur in the northern portion of their range, as this is where females migrate to in spring. Weaning occurs after c.3—4 weeks and young are able to forage for themselves by six weeks old, by which time they have become completely volant. Young are left in groups within roosts while females forage. Females will often switch roosts throughout the breeding season. Males generally begin mating after their first year. Activity patterns. Nocturnal, only foraging for a total of around one hour, spread over two equal bouts after sunset and before sunrise. They are fast fliers and often perform deep dives during flight. Roosting generally occurs in hollow portions of old trees, commonly in woodpecker holes, as well as in crevices in buildings and rock structures. During winter, they create larger roosts in tree holes, rock crevices, crevices in buildings, and underground in some cases. They are most active from March or April until around October, hibernating throughout winter (October-March/April). Common Noctules do still forage throughout winter (as do other noctule species), although little research has been performed into the winter habits of this species or its congeners. They remain in a torpid (hibernation) state throughout the day and even much of the night, but this is interrupted for foraging bouts during the night. They are regularly active at temperatures between 0°C and —-7°C but if temperatures drop below —-10°C, they will not fly. Calls are very loud (maximum energy at c¢.25 kHz on average) and are usually audible to the human ear, unlike most bat calls. Common Noctules exhibit two call types, both of which have an FM/QCF call shape; call type one have start frequencies of 23-8-52-2 kHz, end frequencies of 21-4-26-2 kHz, maximum energy at 22-4-27 kHz, middle frequencies of 21-4-28-7 kHz, call durations of 8-8-23.4 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals of 120-3—413-1 milliseconds; call type two has a start frequencies of 18:2-30-4 kHz, end frequencies of 17-3-23 kHz, maximum energy of 17-5-23-6 kHz, middle frequency of 17-4-24-6 kHz, call durations of 13-2-29-9 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals of 120-2-807-5 milliseconds. The bats regularly switch between the two call types while foraging. Predators include diurnal avian raptors (Accipiter, Circus, Falco), herring gulls (Larus argentatus), corvids, and great grey shrikes (Lanius excubitor). Movements, Home range and Social organization. Common Noctules are highly migratory throughout their range, traveling between breeding and hibernating areas. They breed throughout their range but hibernate only in the southern portion, usually traveling north from their winter quarters. Females generally migrate further and more often than males. Males are often sedentary and in northern parts of their range they will remain year-round whereas females will migrate south during the winter. Most individuals will not travel more than 1000 km, although the longest known migration within Europe for this species was 1546 km. They may not migrate as far or at all in southern and western portions of their range, where they are primarily sedentary. In early spring after leaving hibernation, they will create mixed-sex colonies that eventually disperse during late spring and develop into summer colonies. During summer, females create large maternity colonies, with an average of 20-50 individuals, occasionally ¢.100 individuals, while males and juveniles will roost alone or in smaller groups. Roosts can be much larger and have a mix of males and females during winter, including as many as ¢.1000 individuals in a single roost. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Common Noctule is widespread and common throughout much of its distribution. There are no major threats to the species, although it may be threatened by the destruction of roosting sites in older trees. It has become locally extinct in much of the Iberian Peninsula, including all of Portugal. Bibliography. Avery (1986), Benda et al. (2007), Bihari (2004), Celuch & Kafuch (2005), Csorba & Hutson (2016), Fedyk & Fedyk (1970), Gloor et al. (1995), Gorfol et al. (2009), Jones (1995), Kanuch, Janetkové & Kristin (2005), Kleiman (1969), Mackie & Racey (2007), Mikula et al. (2016), Petit & Mayer (1999), Racey (1974a), Rachwald (1992), Ruczynski et al. (2007), Samiya et al. (1993), Schober & Grimmberger (1998), Spitzenberger (2002), Strelkov (1969, 1997), Vogler & Neuweiler (1983).Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Vespertilionidae, pp. 716-981 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on pages 766-767, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.639775
Furcula victoria Morozov & Prozorov & Korb & Shovkoon & Gorbunov & Müller & Saldaitis & Yakovlev 2023, sp.n.
No full textFurcula victoria sp.n. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3EFB24CC-C379-4C19-886E-10DA4EED74F0 (Figs 36–50, 60, 66, 74–75) Schintlmeister, 1998: 85, 2008: 130 as F. terminata (in part). Holotype: Ô, [Kyrgyzstan], Kirgisia, Moldatoo Mts, 120 km W Naryn, Tschen-Konduk, 1800–2000 m, 27– 28.VI.1995, leg. V. Lukhtanov, slide 2022 0002 (MWM/ZSM). Paratypes (168Ô, 25♀). Kyrgyzstan: 6Ô, Moldatoo Mts, 120 km W Naryn, Tschen-Konduk, 1800–2000 m, 27–28.VI.1995, leg. V. Lukhtanov (MWM/ZSM); 13Ô, Naryn-Suusamyr Mts., Kekemeren, 1500 m, 6–7.VII.1996, leg V. Lukhtanov, slide 2022 0001 (MWM/ZSM); Ô, Mts, Komeen riv., 2100 m, 9–13.VI.1994, leg. Toropov, slide 2022 0003 (MWM/ZSM); 3Ô, Tianshan, Moldotau, Akta, 1800 m, 6.VII.1993 slide 2022 0004 (MWM/ZSM); Ô, Kekemere, 6 km W Arnok, 41°44’, 74°08’, 14–17.VII.1994 (MWM/ZSM); Ô, Kekemere, 6 km W Arnok, 41°44’ N, 74°08’ E, 14–17.VII.1994 (MWM/ZSM); Ô, Tianshan/Moldotau, Aktal, 1800 m, 6.VII.1993 (ZISP); Ô, Arslanbob, Baubashata mts., 1550 m, 10–27.V.1978, А. Nekrasov (ZISP); Ô, Tianshan / Moldotau, Aktal, 1800 m, 6.VII.1993 (CGMF); 7Ô, Naryn-Suusamyr Mts., Kekemeren, 1500 m, 6–7.VII.1996, leg V. Lukhtanov (CGMF); Ô, Susamyr Mts, Komeen riv., 2100 m, 9–13.VI.1994 (CGMF); Ô, Naryn, Kulamak, 2000 m, 5–10.VI.1992 (CGMF); Ô, ♀, Narynskaya—Gebiet, Chrebet Akschijrak, Teke—Ujuk, 25.VI.1996, leg. V. Lukhtanov (CGMF); ♀, Susamyrskij Chrebet, Fluss Kobik, 2200 m, 9.VII.1996, leg. V. Lukhtanov (CGMF); 2Ô, Naryn, Teke-Ujuk, Ak Schiirak Mts, 1900 m, 26–30.VI.1996, leg. V. Lukhtanov (CGMF); 2Ô, Talasskij Chrebet, Fluss Chichkan, 1700 m, 5.VII.1999, leg. I. Pluschtch (CGMF); Ô, Kurgizskyi Mts, S slopes, Karakol r., Balykty r., 2500 m, 12.VII.1999 (CGMF); Ô, Mts Kitshik-Alaj, fluv. Isfajram-Saj, 2750 m, 14–19.VII.1999, leg. E. Rutjan (CGMF); Ô, Talas mts, Tchytchkan river, 1700 m, 11.VI.1996. I. Pljushtch lg. (CGSP); ♀, Chatkalskyi mts., Arkit, VIII.1983, S.V. Murzin, (CGSP); 3Ô, ♀, Chatkalskii Mt. range, Besh-Aral Reserve, Ters river valley, 1650 m, 41°35’ N, 70°40’ E, 22.VI.2019, leg. P. Gorbunov (CPMM); 2Ô, Suusamyrtoo Mts., Karakol river valley 3,6 km N of Kyzyl-Oi, 41°59.211’ N, 74°09.396’ E, 1808 m, 26.VII.2016, leg. S.K. Korb (CPMM); Ô, Dzhumgaltoo Mts., Sary-Kaiky Mt, right shore of Karakol river, 42°11.399’ N, 74°03.193’ E, 2093 m, 17.VII.2015, leg. S.K. Korb (CPMM); Ô, ♀, Dzhumgaltoo Mts., Sary-Kaiky Mt, right shore of Karakol river, 42°11.399’ N, 74°03.193’ E, 2093 m, 25.VII.2016, leg. S.K. Korb (CPMM); Ô, Dzhumgaltoo Mts., Sary-Kaiky Mt, right shore of Karakol river, 42°11.399’ N, 74°03.193’ E, 2093 m, 26.VII.2019, leg. S.K. Korb (CPMM); Ô, ♀, Inner Tian-Shan, Moldo-Too Mts, Koro-Goo Pass, 10.VII.2014, leg. S.K. Korb (CPMM); ♀, Naryn reg., Ak-Kyia village, 40°39.388’ N, 73°35.9808’ E, 15.VII.2018, leg. S.K. Korb (CPMM); Ô, inner Tian Shan, Naryn river valley, Kazarman vic., 1550 m., 05–07.VIII.2008, leg. A. Sochivko (CPMM); Ô, Alai Mts., Ak-Bura riv., 1,5 km S MaidanTal mouth, 2000 m, 25.VI.2008, leg. A. Sochivko (CPMM); 5Ô, ♀, Fergansky Mts., 15 km NE Kazarman, Naryn river, left bank, 41°30’46.55” N, 73°55’36.91” E, 1223 m, 21–22.IV.2023, leg. S.K. Korb (CPMM); 14Ô, ♀, Moldo-Too Mts., 7 km E of Kyzyl-Korgon, 41°43’43.08” N, 74°16’38.54” E, 1491 m, 23–24.IV.2023, leg. S.K. Korb (CPMM); ♀, Alaiskyi mts., Osh vicinity, 29.VII.1977, А. Kuzyakin (ZMMU); 2Ô, ♀, Batken reg., Alai range, KaraShoro vill. env., Ak-Suu river env., 39°54.01.3’ N, 71°38.15.3’, 2040 m, 1–3.VII.2022, leg. M. Dvorak (CASV); 5Ô, Osh reg., Alai range, Tuyuk-Suu Mt., Chal-Kuyruk riv. env., 39°58.54.8’ N, 73°0.57.50’, 2080 m, 6-10.VII.2022, leg. M. Dvorak (CASV); 3Ô, Dzhumgaltoo Mts., Kekemeren, near Kozhomkul, 1800 m, 1–12.VII.2021, leg. S.K. Korb (CSKB); 2Ô, ♀, Moldo-Too Mts, near Koro-Goo Pass, 41°31’39” N, 74°45’49” E, 2000 m, 14.VII.2021, leg. S.K. Korb (CSKB); ♀, Moldo-Too Mts, near Koro-Goo Pass, 2000 m, 25–26.VII.2021, leg. S.K. Korb (CSKB); 2Ô, Moldo-Too Mts., 7 km E of Kyzyl-Korgon, 1491 m, 41°43’43.08” N, 74°16’38.54” E, 23–24.IV.2023, leg. S.K. Korb (CSKB); 2Ô, Chatkal Mt. Range, Vrabat-Sai river near Chap-Chima Pass, 41°33’ N, 70°43’ E, 1870 m, 10.VII.2022, leg. P. Gorbunov (CPGE); 4Ô, Moldo Too, Ashuu, 41°34’25” N, 75°01’12” E, 1995 m, 17.VII.2015, leg. B. May (CBMM); Ô, Chüy Oblasti, inner Tian Shan, Suusamyr valley, 42°08’4.107” N, 73°50’58.554” E, 2214 m, 16–17.VI.2022, leg. N. Keil (CNKD); 2Ô, Chüy Oblasti, inner Tian Shan, Suusamyr valley, 42°08’4.107” N, 73°50’58.554” E, 2214 m, 16–17.VI.2022, leg. D. Bolt (CDBS); 3Ô, ♀, Naryn r. vall., Kazarman vic., 1400 m, 21.VII.2000, leg. S. Churkin (CASD); 12Ô, Moldotau, Aktal, 1800 m, 6.VII.1993, genitalia slide Ô GU23- 70 (CASD); ♀, Kekemeren river, 12 km NE Arnok, 41°47’, 74°16’, 18.VII.1994, leg. K. Spatenka (CASD); 2Ô, 6km W Arnok, 14–17.VII.1994 (CASD); 9Ô, 6♀, Moldatoo, 120 km W Naryn, Tschen-Konduk, 1800–2000 m, 27–28.VI.1995, leg. V. Lukhtanov (CASD); 2Ô, Alaiskii chrebet, c. Iordan, 1600 m, 19.VII.1984, leg. V. Murzin (CASD); Ô, Alai, river Dugoba, Iordan, 15.VII.1987, leg. V. Murzin (CASD); 3Ô, Tchatkal River (upper part), 2200 m, 28.VI.1998, leg. I. Plyushtch (CASD); 11Ô, Naryn-Suusamyr Mts., Kekemeren, 1500 m, 6–7.VII.1996, leg V. Lukhtanov (CASD); 10Ô, Naryn, Teke-Ujuk, Ak-Schiirak Mts., 1900 m, 26–30.VI.1996, leg V. Lukhtanov (CASD); Ô, Naryn, Dshumgol Mts., Tschaele, 1500–2000 m, 1–2.VII.1995 leg V. Lukhtanov (CASD); Ô, Alai Mts., Tengiz bai, 2200 m, 27.VII.1994 (CASD); Ô, Osh, 11.V.1990, genitalia slide GU22-65 (CASD); Ô, ♀, Arkit, 12.VIII.1967, genitalia slide Ô GU22-63, ♀ GU22-82 (CASD); Ô, Ak-tash, Sandalash Mt. -range, 1.VII.1998, leg. Dolin (CASD); Ô, Issyk Atai, 2200 m, 26.VIII.1995 (CASD); 2Ô, Susamyr Mts., Komeen river, 2100 m, 9–13.VI.1994. leg. Toropov (CASD). Uzbekistan: Ô, [Tura-Kurgon] Tura, A. Wilkins (ZISP); Ô, Margilan, 5.VIII (ZISP); ♀, Tashkent, P. Beliajev (ZISP); 2Ô, ♀, Tschatkalski Chrebet, Perewal Kamschik, 2000 m, 6–9.VII.1987, leg. P. Salk, genitalia slide ♀ GU22-80 (CASD); 4Ô, ♀, Almas, 800 m, 2–18.VII.1988, leg. P. Salk, genitalia slide Ô GU22-55 (CASD); Ô, Fergana, Skobelev, 18.V.1918, leg. K. Malyshev (CASD). Description. Male (Figs 36–37, 42–46, 48). Flagellum covered with white scales, rami dark brown or black. Head white. Thorax mesally has black and white speckled pattern with yellow scales. Abdomen white with brown or black stripes developed between abdominal sclerites. Forewing. Forewing length: 17–20 mm; wingspan: 36–42 mm. Elongated ellipsoid, apex rounded, outer margin smooth. Background color white or yellowish. Pattern dark brown or black with rare yellow scales, consist of: speckled antemedial band of hourglass shape, sometimes mesally discontinuous, laterally accompanied by fragmented lines; discal mark; medial field with more or less developed speckled pattern; doubled crenulated postmedial line; crenulated external line with dark speckled apical field. Fringe white with black spots. Hindwing. Somewhat triangular. Background color white or yellowish with dark discal spot, external field and spots along external margin. Genitalia (Figs 39–40, 60). Uncus beak-shaped with pointed apex, loosely covered with chaetae. Socii hardly sclerotized and grown together into hoof-shaped structure, loosely covered with chaetae. Tegumen and vinculum a fused band. Valva semioval, membranous, unevenly covered with setae of variable length, ventrally basally sclerotized, dorsally bears half-connected sclerotized fingerlike ridge with dents apically. Juxta a band fused to vinculum. Aedeagus sickle-shaped with widened phallobase. Vesica long, spiral, caudally narrowed. Eighth sternite oval, caudal margin with medial concavity. Eighth tergite somewhat oval. Female (Figs 38, 47, 49–50). Similar to male but bigger and antenna pectinations much shorter. Forewing length: 21–22 mm; wingspan: 43–46 mm. Genitalia (Figs 41, 66). Papillae anales crescent-shaped, densely covered with setae. Posterior and anterior apophyses about the same length. Sterigma hardly sclerotized, lamella antevaginalis with medial concavity, antrum small. Ductus bursae spiral, about the length of corpus bursae. Corpus bursae large, egg-shaped. Variability. Background color of wings may be white (Figs 42, 47) or yellowish (Figs 46, 49); pattern may be black (Figs 42, 47) or dark brown (Figs 45, 49). Abdomen has brown (Figs 45, 49) or black stripes (Figs 43, 50). Antemedial band may be continuous (Figs 44, 50) or discontinuous (Figs 42, 49). Diagnosis. Furcula aeruginosa petri (Figs 51–53) is smaller than F. victoria sp. n., has shorter forewings and more or less pronounced creamy background color, while F. victoria sp. n. is white or yellowish (Figs 42–50). Furcula bifida (Figs 54–56) has a wide antemedial band on the forewing and may have a more or less pronounced dark external field on hindwing, which may be brown, while the antemedial band of F. victoria sp. n. often narrows medially or is discontinuous and the external field is not as pronounced (Figs 42–50); the costal process of valva lacks dents (Fig. 63) in F. bifida, while F. victoria sp. n. has dents (Fig. 60); F. bifida has a paired semioval signum (Fig. 68), while F. victoria sp. n. does not (Fig. 66). Furcula danieli (Figs 57–59) has creamy background color, while F. victoria is white or yellowish (Figs 42–50); and the costal process of valva is without dents (Figs 64–65), while F. victoria sp. n. has dents (Fig. 60); the lamella antevaginalis is bigger (Fig. 69) than of F. victoria sp. n. (Fig. 66). Furcula terminata (Figs 8–25) is overall darker than F. victoria sp. n. (Figs 42–50); its lamella antevaginalis has a deeper medial concavity and larger antrum (Figs 32–35) than that of F. victoria sp. n. (Figs 41, 66). Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Ms Victoria Morozova, a daughter of the senior author. Distribution (Fig. 70). Tian Shan and Alay Range in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Korb et al. (2017) recorded the species for the fauna of Kyrgyzstan as F. terminata. Biology. Adults (Figs 74–75) were collected with light traps from April to August at altitudes between 1,400 and 2,300 meters a.s.l. but mainly between 1,600 and 1,800 meters (Fig. 73). It probably flies in two generations like F. terminata. Preimaginal stages are unknown. Local species of Salix and Populus could be the host plants.Published as part of Morozov, Pavel S., Prozorov, Alexey M., Korb, Stanislav K., Shovkoon, Dmitry F., Gorbunov, Pavel Y., Müller, Günter C., Saldaitis, Aidas & Yakovlev, Roman V., 2023, Notes on Central Asian Furcula with description of a new species, pp. 373-388 in Zootaxa 5319 (3) on pages 380-385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/820298
