113 research outputs found
La rilevanza dell’esperienza e delle reti di contatti dell’imprenditore per la velocità di internazionalizzazione: uno studio delle PMI in Italia e negli Stati Uniti
No full textStato dell'arte e gli obiettivi. L' attuale contesto economico riflette la complessa integrazione delle economie globali. La rapida evoluzione dei mercati internazionali creano un sacco di sfide e di incertezze per le imprese internazionalizzate. Le attività internazionali sono in aumento e le modalità di internazionalizzazione stanno diventando sempre più diversificate. Tuttavia, dato il fatto che le risorse e il potere di mercato sono limitati, il processo di internazionalizzazione delle piccole e medie imprese (PMI) differisce significativamente da quello delle multinazionali. E interessante notare che un numero crescente di imprese, in particolare nell’ambiente dell’alta tecnologia come le cosi dette aziende “Born Global” si espandono all’estero sempre più velocemente. Nonostante il grande sforzo che è stato fatto, alcune recensioni critiche dello stato dell'arte in questo campo di ricerca hanno sottolineato la necessità di approfondire la nostra comprensione della velocità di internazionalizzazione e di alcuni determinanti: la formazione/l’esperienza professionale e i contatti dell’imprenditore. L'obiettivo di questo progetto di ricerca è stato quello di analizzare l’impatto di questi determinanti di cui sopra sul ritmo di internazionalizzazione delle piccole e medie imprese in Italia e negli Stati Uniti.
Revisione della bibliografia. In Italia, la revisione della bibliografia è stata facilitata grazie al database - Sebina Open Library- della Biblioteca Sebastiano Brusco di Modena. Negli Stati Uniti invece, la ricerca è stata condotta alla Hamline University, School of Business, ed ha reso possibile di avere accesso ad una vasta gamma di bibliografia rilevante per la ricerca di cui sopra. La bibliografia principale utilizzata in questa tesi è stata presa dai seguenti database: Business Source Premier della Biblioteca Bush Memorial dell’Università di Hamline, Uniworld Database, Hoovers International Company Database e Reference USA Database. Nel complesso, gli studi teorici ed empirici sulla rilevanza dell’esperienza e delle reti di contatti dell’imprenditore sull’internazionalizzazione accelerata o graduale sono stati trovati nelle seguenti riviste : International Business Review, European Management Journal, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Journal of World Business, International Small Business Journal, etc.
La tesi contribuisce anche alla bibliografia di riferimento, analizzando alcuni fattori dell'internazionalizzazione delle imprese dall’Italia e dagli Stati Uniti. Le aziende provenienti dagli Stati Uniti sono uniche ed interessanti da studiare perché hanno diverse dimensioni e condizioni di mercato rispetto alle PMI italiane. Quindi, lo scopo di questa tesi è anche quello di richiamare l'attenzione di ricerca per completare la bibliografia esistente sulla velocità dell’internazionalizzazione delle PMI in una prospettiva comparata fra questi due paesi.
Metodologia della ricerca. Per quanto riguarda la metodologia di ricerca, è stato scelto il metodo dei casi di studio multipli. Il campione degli intervistati è stato selezionato nel caso italiano, dall’annuario della Confindustria di Modena, e nel caso degli Stati Uniti con il contributo del database accennato prima.
Riassumendo, basandoci sulla nuova bibliografia riguardante l’ internazionalizzazione delle aziende, sono stati esaminati i seguenti fattori specifici che possono influenzare la velocità del business internazionale: (1) l’importanza dell’esperienza professionale e della formazione dell’imprenditore, (2) il ruolo della rete di contatti dell’imprenditore.State of the art and goals. The current economic environment reflects the complex integration of global economies. Rapidly changing international markets create a lot of challenges and uncertainty for internationalizing companies. International activities are increasing and the modes of internationalization are becoming increasingly diverse. However, given limited resources and market power, the internationalization process of small and medium-sized enterprises differs significantly from that of established multinationals. Interestingly, an increasing number of enterprises, especially in high technology environments such as “Born Global” firms internationalize faster and faster.
Despite the great effort that has been done, some critical reviews of the state of the art in this field of research pointed out the need to deepen our understanding of the speed of internationalization and its determinants: entrepreneur’s experience and networks. The aim of this research project was to analyze the influence of those above mentioned determinants on the internationalization pace of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) from Italy and the United States.
Review of the literature. In Italy, the literature review was elaborated thanks to the database Sebina Open Library of the Sebastiano Brusco Library from Modena. While in the United States, the research conducted in the at Hamline University, School of Business, made it possible to have access to a wide range of literature relevant to the above research. The main literature used in this thesis was taken from the database called Business Source Premier (of the Bush Memorial Library, Hamline University), Uniworld Database, Hoovers International Company Database, Reference USA Database. Overall, the theoretical and empirical studies on the relevance of entrepreneur’s experience and networks on the accelerated or gradual internationalization were found in the following journals: International Business Review, European Management Journal, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Journal of World Business, International Small Business Journal, etc.
The thesis also contributes to the literature by analyzing some factors of the internationalization speed, from Italy and the United States, which has received relatively little attention. Firms from the United States are a unique and interesting setting to study because they have different sized and market conditions than Italian SMEs.
So, the purpose of this thesis is also to draw research attention to complement the existing literature on the internationalization pace of SMEs.
Research methodology. As regards the research methodology, it was chosen the multiple-case method as a research strategy. The sample of respondents was chosen in the case of Italy, from a database from Confindustria, Modena, and in the case of USA with the contribution of the above mentioned databases.
Summing up, it was examined the following specific factors that may influence the speed of international development: (1) the importance of entrepreneurs’ professional experience and education, (2) the role of networks
Field efficiency of syphilis screening in antenatal care lessons from Gutu District in Zimbabwe.
No full textObjectives'. To determine coverage for antenatal syphilis screening in a rural area and evaluate the accuracy of on-site Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) tests performed by nurse-midwives.
Design: Descriptive cross sectional.
Setting'. Rural Health Centres (n=23) in the Gutu District of Zimbabwe.
Subjects: Women booking for antenatal care in the district were used to determine coverage of screening. Results from women who had an RPR test performed during a nine week period were used in assessing the accuracy of tests performed by nurse-midwives.
Intervention: On-site antenatal screening for syphilis using an RPR kit with immediate results and treatment for women who tested positive.
Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of syphilis (positive RPR) at booking and the level of agreement between three observers (RHC nurse-midwife, medical practitioner under field conditions and medical laboratory technologist).
Results: Eighty five percent of women were screened for syphilis at the first antenatal visit and 11% had a positive RPR. Almost all (97.3%) women with a positive RPR test result were treated. The accuracy of tests performed by RHC staff was poor with a sensitivity of 40% (95% Cl 21.8 to 61.1) when compared to those done by the medical practitioner and 8.7% (95% Cl 1.5 to 29.5) when compared to those done in a laboratory. The predictive value of a positive test was 22.7% and that of a negative test was 94.9%.
Conclusion: The coverage of screening for syphilis in pregnant women in Gutu District was good but the results were unreliable. There is need for nurse-midwives, who perform the majority of RPR tests in the RHC, to receive adequate training to ensure competence in testing and to strengthen quality control procedures
Field efficiency of syphilis screening in antenatal care lessons from Gutu District in Zimbabwe.
No full textObjectives'. To determine coverage for antenatal syphilis screening in a rural area and evaluate the accuracy of on-site Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) tests performed by nurse-midwives.
Design: Descriptive cross sectional.
Setting'. Rural Health Centres (n=23) in the Gutu District of Zimbabwe.
Subjects: Women booking for antenatal care in the district were used to determine coverage of screening. Results from women who had an RPR test performed during a nine week period were used in assessing the accuracy of tests performed by nurse-midwives.
Intervention: On-site antenatal screening for syphilis using an RPR kit with immediate results and treatment for women who tested positive.
Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of syphilis (positive RPR) at booking and the level of agreement between three observers (RHC nurse-midwife, medical practitioner under field conditions and medical laboratory technologist).
Results: Eighty five percent of women were screened for syphilis at the first antenatal visit and 11% had a positive RPR. Almost all (97.3%) women with a positive RPR test result were treated. The accuracy of tests performed by RHC staff was poor with a sensitivity of 40% (95% Cl 21.8 to 61.1) when compared to those done by the medical practitioner and 8.7% (95% Cl 1.5 to 29.5) when compared to those done in a laboratory. The predictive value of a positive test was 22.7% and that of a negative test was 94.9%.
Conclusion: The coverage of screening for syphilis in pregnant women in Gutu District was good but the results were unreliable. There is need for nurse-midwives, who perform the majority of RPR tests in the RHC, to receive adequate training to ensure competence in testing and to strengthen quality control procedures
An evaluation of duckweed-based pond systems as an alternative option for decentralised treatment and reuse of wastewater in Zimbabwe
No full textA study was carried out in Zimbabwe to evaluate the performance of duckweed ponds as an option for treating and reusing wastewater in small, decentralised communities. The study focused on nitrogen and phosphorus removal, operational problems, and duckweed application. Two full-scale trial plants at Nemanwa and Gutu-Mupandawana growth points were used. Sewage samples were collected and analysed monthly from September 2000 to August 2001 for NO3, NH4-, TKN, TP, COD, and other field measurements. The duckweed was harvested daily and fed to chickens. The Nemanwa plant had high nutrient levels due to nil outflows caused by water rationing in the area. The Gutu effluent had averages of 38.7 ± 23.1 mg/l TN and 7.5 ± 2.4 mg/l TP which are above the respective Zimbabwean standards of 10 mg/l TN and 1 mg/l TP. COD removal efficiency at Gutu was poor at 45%. The performance of Gutu and Nemanwa plants suffered from inappropriate design especially pond depth and short-circuiting. The duckweed died off in the November-January period, this being attributed to excessive levels of ammonia. It was concluded that the duckweed pond systems would offer a good alternative for managing and reusing wastewater at community level provided due regard is paid to appropriate design criteria.</jats:p
Evaluation of the Effects of Intra and Inter Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Ground Nut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) at Haro Sabu, Western Ethiopia
No full textGround nut (hypogaea L.) is one of most important food crop grown in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. However, its productivity is very low due to inappropriate intra and inter spacing practice. Thus,the study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 during the main cropping season at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center and Kombo subsite of Kelem Wollega zone of Western Ethiopia to identify the effects of different spacing on growth parameters, yield and yield components of ground nut varieties. The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete Block design with three replications in factorial arrangement. The experiments was consist of two factors. Nine levels of spacing were 50cmx5cm, 50cmx10cm, 50cmx15cm, 60cmx5cm, 60cmx10cm, 60cmx15cm 75cmx5cm, 75cm x10cm, 75cm x15cm and two varieties (Manipinter and Sartu). The highest total number of pods per plant (21.36) was obtained from variety manipinter. Regarding to spacing, the highest number of pods per plant (25.00) was obtained from 75cmx10cm and followed by 75cmx15cm(22.45) . The highest hundred seed (66.85g) weight and grain yield (2105 kg ha-1) was recorded from manipinter variety. Regarding to spacing, the highest grain yield (2474 and 2433 kg ha-1) was obtained from 50cmx5cm and 60cm x5cm respectively. The highest net benefit (50269.00 and 50245.00 ETB ha-1) was recorded from 50cmx5cm and 60cmx5cm spacing respectively. However the highest marginal rate return (288.46%) was recorded from spacing 60cm x 5cm followed by 50cm x 5cm (2.66%). Therefor spacing of 50cmx5cm and 60cmx5cm was optimum plant population density for production of ground nut in Kelem Wollega zone of western Ethiopia. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L., grin yield, interaction effect, spacing DOI: 10.7176/ALST/70-0
La Liberte, Les Philosophes Et La Politique
No full textLe pr sent article met exergue les isotopiesphilosoph mes qui constituent la sph re id ique des pr occupations des philosophes intellectuels L auteur examine l antinomie philosophe engag -philosophe libre penseur comme axe structurel de la construction des mentalit s sociales L id e motrice de l article est la primordialit du patrimoine de valeurs spirituelles sur la mat rialit et la fugacit des choses triviales L auteur complaint la pauvret d esprit des pays o il n y a quasiment pas eu de tradition philosophiques et de surcroit le r gime sovi tique a balay toute conscience identitair
Effect of Nitrogen Level and Plowing Frequency on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Yield and Yield Component in Western Oromiya, Ethiopia
No full textThe field experiment was carried out at Haro Sabu on station, Guliso and Igu kofale location during cropping season of 2014/15 with the objectives of determining the optimum of nitrogen and plowing frequency required for high yield of sesame. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replication in factorial combination of six nitrogen level (0, 8, 18, 28, 38, 48kg N ha-1) and three plowing frequency (one, two and three times) on sesame (Dicho) variety. Plant height was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by Nitrogen level and highly significantly (P < 0.01) affected by plowing frequency. The highest plant height (91.20cm) and (91.18 cm) was recorded from 48 kg N ha-1 and three times plowing frequency, respectively. Number of branch per plant was significantly (P<0.05) affected by nitrogen level. The highest number of branches per plant (4.40) was obtained from 38kg N- ha. Number of pod per plant was significantly (P<0.05) affected by Nitrogen level and Plowing frequency. The highest number of pod per plant (125.79) and (124.57) was recorded from 8kgN-ha and three times plowing frequency, respectively. Grain yield was highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by Nitrogen level and plowing frequency. The lowest grain yield (3.40 quintal ha-1) was obtained from 0kg N ha-1. The highest (5.41 quintal ha-1) grain yield was obtained from three time plowing frequency. Partial budget analysis of N fertilizer rates indicted that higher marginal rate of return (1351%) was found by applying 8 kg N ha-1. Therefore Applications of 8 kg ha-1 of nitrogen and three times plowing frequency, was recommended for increased yield and better economic returns to sesame growers at study area. Keywords: Nitrogen level, plowing frequency, Sesamum indicum L
Performances of Different Varieties and Population of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Intercropping Systems with Maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textThe field experiment was carried out at Haro Sabu Agriculture Research Center, during 2013 with the objectives of determining the effect of varieties and population density of soybean intercropped with maize on phenological and growth parameters of the component crops. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replication in factorial combination of three soybean varieties (Boshe, Ethio Yugoslavia and Didesa) and three soybean plant populations (25%, 50% and 75%) along with respective sole crop of soybean varieties and maize BHQPY-545. Plant population of soybean had significant (P<0.05) effect on LAI of maize. The highest LAI (3.61) was obtained from 50% soybean population. The LA, LAI and number of primary branches of soybean component showed significant difference due to plant population. The highest LA per plant (3392.60 cm2) and number of primary branches (6.22) were obtained in soybean population of 25%. However, the highest LAI (4.96) was obtained from 75% soybean population. Plant height, number of effective nodules per plant, number of primary branches, of soybean were significantly (P<0.01) affected by soybean varieties. The highest plant height (123.89cm) was obtained from Ethio Yugoslavia. The highest number of primary branches per plant was obtained from variety Boshe (7.33). The Highest number of effective nodules (30.33) was recorded for variety Didesa. Cropping system showed highly significant (P<0.01) effects on number of effective nodules per plant and significant (P<0.05) effect on leaf area index. The result revealed that cropping system had a significant effect on LAI and number of effective nodules per plant where higher LAI (6.18) and effective nodules per plant (46.44) were recorded from sole cropped soybean variety than the intercropping system. Keywords: Glycine max, intercropping, plant populations, sole cropping, Zea may
Leptochelia tenuicula Makkaveeva 1968
No full textLeptochelia tenuicula Makkaveeva, 1968 Figs 7 A, 10 A, K; 11 B, 12 C, 13 G Leptochelia tenuicula Makkaveeva, 1968: 102, fig. 1 (Type locality: Among Honda Bay and Cape San Antonio, Cuba, in sandy bottom with Thalassia, 4–7 m depth. Holotype with unknown location); Sieg (1983): 476; Gutu (2011 a): 34 –40, figs 7–9 (Redescription). Geographic distribution. Cuba and Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea. Habitat. In sandy bottom with seagrass, 4–7 m depth. Remarks. L. tenuicula was briefly described and characterized because the uropodal exopod was biarticulated. Gutu (2011 a) conducted a detailed redescription of this species; however, he used material collected from the island of Martinique, Lesser Antilles, and described the exopod of uropod with a single article, which contrasts with the original description. Also, he did not make any observations or comments about why the species did not show the double-jointed exopod. Therefore it is likely that the specimens analysed by Gutu (2011 a) are a different species to L. tenuicula. A further redescription is necessary, this time based in material collected at the type locality or nearby.Published as part of Jarquín-González, Jani, García-Madrigal, María Del Socorro & Carrera-Parra, Luis Fernando, 2015, First species of Leptochelia Dana, 1849 (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) from the Eastern Pacific, with an annotated checklist and identification keys for the genus, pp. 501-533 in Zootaxa 3920 (4) on page 518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23829
Electron Microscopy and Optical Characterization of Cadmium Sulphide Nanocrystals Deposited on the Patterned Surface of DiatomBiosilica
No full textIntricately patterned biosilica obtained from the shell of unicellular algae called diatoms serve as novel templates for fabrication of optoelectronic nanostructures. In this study, the surface of diatom frustules that possessed hierarchical architecture ordered at the micro and nanoscale was coated with a nanostructured polycrystalline cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin film using a chemical bath deposition technique. The CdS thin film was composed of spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of about 75 nm. The CdS nanoparticle thin film imparted new photoluminescent properties to the intricately patterned diatomnanostructure. The imparted photoluminescent properties were dependent on the CdS coverage onto the frustules surface. The intrinsic photoluminescent properties of the frustules were strongly quenched by the deposited CdS. The origin of PL spectra was discussed on the basis of the band theory and native defects. Copyright (C) 2009 Timothy Gutu et al
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