205 research outputs found
Computational convergence of the path integral for real dendritic morphologies
No full textNeurons are characterised by a morphological structure unique amongst biological cells, the core of which is the dendritic tree. The vast number of dendritic geometries, combined with heterogeneous properties of the cell membrane, continue to challenge scientists in predicting neuronal input-output relationships, even in the case of sub-threshold dendritic currents. The Green’s function obtained for a given dendritic geometry provides this functional relationship for passive or quasi-active dendrites and can be constructed by a sum-over-trips approach based on a path integral formalism. In this paper, we introduce a number of efficient algorithms for realisation of the sum-over-trips framework and investigate the convergence of these algorithms on different dendritic geometries. We demonstrate that the convergence of the trip sampling methods strongly depends on dendritic morphology as well as the biophysical properties of the cell membrane. For real morphologies, the number of trips to guarantee a small convergence error might become very large and strongly affect computational efficiency. As an alternative, we introduce a highly-efficient matrix method which can be applied to arbitrary branching structures
Editorial for special issue on neurodynamics
No full text“Neurodynamics” is an interdisciplinary area of mathematics where dynamical systems theory (deterministic and stochastic) is the primary tool for elucidating the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the behaviour of neural systems (whether biological or synthetic). A meeting on this topic was held at the International Centre for Mathematical Sciences in Edinburgh from March 5–7 in 2012. In this special issue, we have invited seven of the main contributors to this event to expand on their presentations and highlight the use of mathematics in understanding the dynamics of neural systems
Switching off: disruptive TMS reveals distinct contributions of the posterior middle temporal gyrus and angular gyrus to bilingual speech production
No full textThe role of the left temporoparietal cortex in speech production has been extensively studied during native language processing, proving crucial in controlled lexico-semantic retrieval under varying cognitive demands. Yet, its role in bilinguals, f luent in both native and second languages, remains poorly understood. Here, we employed continuous theta burst stimulation to disrupt neural activity in the left posterior middle-temporal gyrus (pMTG) and angular gyrus (AG) while Italian–Friulian bilinguals performed a cued picture-naming task. The task involved between-language (naming objects in Italian or Friulian) and within-language blocks (naming objects [“knife”] or associated actions [“cut”] in a single language) in which participants could either maintain (non-switch) or change (switch) instructions based on cues. During within-language blocks, cTBS over the pMTG entailed faster naming for high-demanding switch trials, while cTBS to the AG elicited slower latencies in low-demanding non-switch trials. No cTBS effects were observed in the between-language block. Our findings suggest a causal involvement of the left pMTG and AG in lexico-semantic processing across languages, with distinct contributions to controlled vs. “automatic” retrieval, respectively. However, they do not support the existence of shared control mechanisms within and between language(s) production. Altogether, these results inform neurobiological models of semantic control in bilinguals
The role of binominals in the Pater Noster table of the Vernon MS, f. 231v
No full textThis paper examines the Middle English glosses contained in the Pater Noster table of the Vernon manuscript (Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, f. 231v), written in the West Midlands in the last decades of the fourteenth century (Scase, ed. 2013). The table presents the Lord’s Prayer in a diagrammatic way, linking its seven petitions to the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit, the Seven Virtues, and the Seven Deadly Sins (Fig. 1). While recent scholarship has concentrated on the visual elements of the table (Henry 1990), its meditative and devotional purposes (Vulic 2004), and literacy modes available to its readers (Gottschall 2008), little attention has been given so far to the relation of the vernacular glosses in the roundels of the table (e.g. Drede of god in the middle of Fig. 1) to the contemporary Middle English lexical usage. The aim of the paper is twofold: to analyse how the visual aids of the table can help us interpret its lexical parts and, the other way, how the vocabulary of the vernacular roundels can enlighten us about the purpose, audience, and readings of the table. In particular, the author will concentrate on the binominals (here, coordinated noun phrases (Mollin 2014)) employed in the columns containing the Virtues and Vices (the two right-hand roundels in Fig. 1) in their relation to the lexicon of virtues and vices in the second half of the fourteenth century, using the Middle English Dictionary as a reference tool. This examination uncovers both neologisms (or possible copying mistakes) in the Vernon table, such as Pruide & stow(t)nesse ‘pride’ (Fig. 1), and commonplace usage, such as loue & charite. Previous research has seen these double glosses as interpretative tools, while this paper treats them as established binominal phrases undergoing freezing and idiomatisation. The author’s conclusion is that the table served both a mnemonic and meditative function. Drawing directly and indirectly on the images and metaphors of mutability of life and fortune and of mutability of sin and virtue, the design of the table also invites us to consider variation in language: the lexical stability of Latin against the changeability of English, native English terms against loanwords from Anglo-Norman and Old Norse, dialectal West Midland terms against their more common counterparts, and recent phrasal innovations against established poetic clichés
Изоморфизм компактификаций модулей векторных расслоений: неприведенные схемы модулей
No full textWe continue the study of the compactification of the moduli scheme for Gieseker-semistable vector bundles on a nonsingular irreducible projective algebraic surface S with polarization L, by locally free sheaves. The relation of main components of the moduli functor or admissible semistable pairs and main components of the Gieseker – Maruyama moduli functor (for semistable torsion-free coherent sheaves) with the same Hilbert polynomial on the surface S is investigated. The compactification of interest arises when families of Gieseker-semistable vector bundles E on the nonsingular polarized projective surface (S, L) are completed by vector bundles E on projective polarized schemes (S, L) of special form. The form of the scheme S, of its polarization L and of the vector bundle E is described in the text. The collection ((S, L), E) is called a semistable admissible pair. Vector bundles E on the surface (S, L) and E on schemes (S, L) are supposed to have equal ranks and Hilbert polynomials which are compute with respect to polarizations L and L, respectively. Pairs of the form ((S, L), E) named as S-pairs are also included into the class under the scope. Since the purpose is to study the compactification of moduli space for vector bundles, only families which contain S-pairs are considered. We build up the natural transformation of the moduli functor for admissible semistable pairs to the Gieseker – Maruyama moduli functor for semistable torsion-free coherent sheaves on the surface (S, L), with same rank and Hilbert polynomial. It is demonstrated that this natural transformation is inverse to the natural transformation built in the preceding paper and defined by the standard resolution of a family of torsion-free coherent sheaves with a possibly nonreduced base scheme. The functorial isomorphism constructed determines the scheme isomorphism of compactifications of moduli space for semistable vector bundles on the surface (S, L).В работе продолжено изучение компактификации схемы модулей полустабильных по Гизекеру векторных расслоений на неособой неприводимой проективной алгебраической поверхности S с поляризацией L, локально свободными пучками. Исследуется связь основных компонент функтора модулей допустимых полустабильных пар и основных компонент функтора модулей Гизекера –Маруямы (полустабильных когерентных пучков без кручения) с тем же полиномом Гильберта на поверхности S. Рассматриваемая компактификация получается, если семейства полустабильных по Гизекеру векторных расслоений E на поляризованной неособой проективной поверхности (S,L) пополняются векторными расслоениями E на проективных поляризованных схемах (S,L) специального вида. Вид схемы S, поляризации L и расслоения E описан в тексте работы. Набор ((S,L),E) назван полустабильной допустимой парой. Векторные расслоения E на поверхности (S,L) и E на схемах (S,L) предполагаются имеющими равные ранги и полиномы Гильберта, вычисляемые относительно поляризаций L и L соответственно. Пары вида ((S,L),E), называемые S-парами, также входят в рассматриваемый класс. Поскольку целью исследования является изучение компактификации пространства модулей векторных расслоений, рассматриваются только семейства, содержащие S-пары. Построено естественное преобразование функтора модулей допустимых полустабильных пар в функтор модулей Гизекера – Маруямы полустабильных когерентных пучков без кручения на поверхности (S,L), имеющих те же ранг и полином Гильберта. Показано, что это естественное преобразование является двусторонним обратным к естественному преобразованию, построенному в предшествующей работе и определяемому стандартным разрешением семейства когерентных пучков без кручения, имеющего возможно неприведенную базисную схему. Построенный изоморфизм функторов модулей определяет изоморфизм компактификаций пространства модулей полустабильных векторных расслоений на поверхности (S,L) как алгебраических схем
Low Temperature Equilibrium Ageing Under Self-Irradiation in Binary Alloys of Pu with Elements of Group III -B
No full textPhase transformations and some laws obeyed by nonvariant reactions in binary Plutonium systems
No full textLung Cancer Risk in Never-Smokers of European Descent is Associated With Genetic Variation in the 5p15.33 TERT-CLPTM1Ll Region
No full textInstituto de Salud Carlos III. PI15/01211 grant and Xunta de Galicia grant 10CSA208057PR.Hung, R.J., Spitz, M.R., Houlston, R.S., Schwartz, A.G., Field, J.K., Ying, J., Li, Y., Han, Y., Ji, X., Chen, W., Wu, X., Gorlov, I.P., Na, J., de Andrade, M., Liu, G., Brhane, Y., Diao, N., Wenzlaff, A., Davies, M.P.A., Liloglou, T., Timofeeva, M., Muley, T., Rennert, H., Saliba, W., Ryan, B.M., Bowman, E., Barros-Dios, J.-M., Pérez-Ríos, M., Morgenstern, H., Zienolddiny, S., Skaug, V., Ugolini, D., Bonassi, S., van der Heijden, E.H.F.M., Tardon, A., Bojesen, S.E., Landi, M.T., Johansson, M., Bickeböller, H., Arnold, S., Le Marchand, L., Melander, O., Andrew, A., Grankvist, K., Caporaso, N., Teare, M.D., Schabath, M.B., Aldrich, M.C., Kiemeney, L.A., Wichmann, H.-E., Lazarus, P., Mayordomo, J., Neri, M., Haugen, A., Zhang, Z.-F., Ruano-Raviña, A., Brenner, H., Harris, C.C., Orlow, I., Rennert, G., Risch, A., Brennan, P., Christiani, D.C., Amos, C.I., Yang, P., Gorlova, O.Y
Synthesis, cyclopolymerization and cyclo-copolymerization of 9-(2-Diallylaminoethyl)adenine and Its Hydrochloride Salt
No full textWe report herein the synthesis and characterization of 9-(2- diallylaminoethyl) adenine. We evaluated two different synthetic routes starting with adenine where the optimal route was achieved through coupling of 9-(2-chloroethyl)adenine with diallylamine. The cyclopolymerization and cyclo-copolymerization of 9-(2-diallylaminoethyl)adenine hydrochloride salt resulted in low molecular weight oligomers in low yields. In contrast, 9-(2-diallylaminoethyl)adenine failed to cyclopolymerize, however, it formed a copolymer with SO 2 in relatively good yields. The molecular weights of the cyclopolymers were around 1,700-6,000 g-mol, as estimated by SEC. The cyclo-copolymer was stable up to 226 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a free-radical cyclo-copolymerization of a neutral alkyldiallylamine derivative with SO 2. These polymers represent a novel class of carbocyclic polynucleotides. © 2012 by the authors.Agrawal S, 1999, BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR, V1489, P53, DOI 10.1016-S0167-4781(99)00141-4; Ai H, 2002, BIOMACROMOLECULES, V3, P560, DOI 10.1021-bm015659r; AKASHI M, 1977, MAKROMOL CHEM, V178, P353; Ali SA, 1998, J APPL POLYM SCI, V69, P1329, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1097-4628(19980815)69:71329::AID-APP73.0.CO;2-G; Ali SA, 2001, POLYMER, V42, P2785, DOI 10.1016-S0032-3861(00)00665-0; Al-Muallem HA, 2002, POLYMER, V43, P4285, DOI 10.1016-S0032-3861(02)00251-3; Armentrout RS, 2000, MACROMOLECULES, V33, P2944, DOI 10.1021-ma991531e; BUTLER GB, 1982, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V15, P370, DOI 10.1021-ar00083a005; Chen JC, 2003, J APPL POLYM SCI, V90, P1662, DOI 10.1002-app.12834; Gorbunova M, 2009, POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL, V20, P209, DOI 10.1002-pat.1253; Gorbunova M, 2009, INT J POLYM ANAL CH, V14, P575, DOI 10.1080-10236660903225445; Han MJ, 2000, ADV POLYM SCI, V153, P1; HARADA S, 1966, MAKROMOLEKUL CHEM, V90, P177; LITT M, 1960, J POLYM SCI, V45, P379, DOI 10.1002-pol.1960.1204514608; Miller KJ, 1998, PHARM SCI TECHNOL TO, V1, P377, DOI 10.1016-S1461-5347(98)00098-4; Hamma T, 1999, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V38, P15333, DOI 10.1021-bi991962p; MILLIGAN JF, 1993, J MED CHEM, V36, P1923, DOI 10.1021-jm00066a001; Odian G, 2004, PRINCIPLES POLYM, P144; OTTENBRITE RM, 1980, IND ENG CHEM PROD RD, V19, P528, DOI 10.1021-i360076a009; Pei RJ, 2001, BIOMACROMOLECULES, V2, P463, DOI 10.1021-bm0001289; PITHA J, 1968, J ORG CHEM, V33, P1341, DOI 10.1021-jo01268a006; Rullens F, 2006, CHEM MATER, V18, P3078, DOI 10.1021-cm060209x; Sawada H, 1997, J FLUORINE CHEM, V84, P141, DOI 10.1016-S0022-1139(97)00050-X; Schuller W.H., 1959, J CHEM ENG DATA, V4, P273, DOI 10.1021-je60003a021; Shatila RS, 2006, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V47, P1767, DOI 10.1016-j.tetlet.2006.01.035; SOLOMON DH, 1976, J MACROMOL SCI R M C, VC 15, P143; Timofeeva L.M., 2005, POLYM SCI SER A, V47, P273; Timofeeva LM, 2006, DOKL PHYS CHEM, V406, P53, DOI 10.1134-S0012501606020072; Timofeeva LM, 2009, BIOMACROMOLECULES, V10, P2976, DOI 10.1021-bm900435v; Tsai JY, 2003, J ORG CHEM, V68, P1235, DOI 10.1021-jo026379k; Tuzun NS, 2007, INT J QUANTUM CHEM, V107, P894, DOI 10.1002-qua.21227; Tuzun NS, 2003, J ORG CHEM, V68, P6369, DOI 10.1021-jo034033j; UEDA N, 1968, MAKROMOL CHEM, V120, P13; UHLMANN E, 1990, CHEM REV, V90, P543, DOI 10.1021-cr00102a001; Ustyuzhanin G.E., 1978, CHEM HETEROCYCL COMP, V14, P562, DOI 10.1007-BF00673345; Vasilieva YA, 2000, RUSS CHEM B+, V49, P431, DOI 10.1007-BF02494771; Vivekanandam TS, 2005, J APPL POLYM SCI, V98, P1548, DOI 10.1002-app.22073; Vivekanandam TS, 2000, EUR POLYM J, V36, P385, DOI 10.1016-S0014-3057(99)00071-3; Wang GJ, 1998, J PHYS ORG CHEM, V11, P305, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1099-1395(199805)11:5305::AID-POC83.0.CO;2-K; Weber W, 2004, J BIOTECHNOL, V114, P315, DOI 10.1016-j.jbiotec.2004.07.014; Zhou JL, 1997, SYNTHETIC COMMUN, V27, P3591, DOI 10.1080-003979197080070810
Feasibility and efficacy of CD45RA+ depleted donor lymphocytes infusion after haploidentical transplantation with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide in patients with hematological malignancies
No full textAllogeneic stem cell transplantation from haploidentical donor using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide has been used to cure hematological diseases. Because of slow immunological reconstitution, there is an increased incidence of viral infection. The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and the feasibility of a CD45RA+ depleted donor lymphocytes infusion (DLI) in terms of reduction of viral infection early after haploidentical transplantation. This a prospective single-center study. We enrolled 23 patients, of whom 19 were evaluable. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was the same for all patients. The primary endpoint was 100-day cumulative incidence of viral infections. The primary endpoint was met, because the 100-day cumulative incidence of viral infection was 32%. The median time from transplantation to first CD45RA+ depleted DLI was 55 days (range, 46-63). 28% of patients had cytomegalovirus reactivation, no patients reactivated human herpesvirus-6; 1 patient developed BK virus related hemorrhagic cystitis. Most of the patients received the planned 3 infusions. Only 1 patient had development of grade 2 acute GVHD, and 2 patients had moderate chronic GVHD. All evaluable patients were off immunosuppressive therapy at last follow-up. The median follow-up was 12 months (range, 3-23), the 1-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 79% and 75%, respectively; the 100-day and 1-year non-relapse mortality were 5% and 12%, respectively. CD45RA+ depleted DLI are feasible in patients treated with haploidentical transplantation. The toxic profile is good with a low risk for development of both acute and chronic GVHD
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