2,153 research outputs found
Profilo nutrizionale in età prescolare: indagine pilota in un campione di bambini della provincia dell’Aquila
No full textINTRODUZIONE
L’infanzia precoce (3-5 anni) è un periodo critico per la prevenzione dell’obesità. I
comportamenti correlati al bilancio energetico, le caratteristiche psicologiche e i processi
fisiologici si strutturano a questa età, quando è ancora possibile l’ ‘imprinting’ con esperienze
determinanti per lo stile di vita futuro.
Lo studio osservazionale, a disegno trasversale, è finalizzato a descrivere il profilo
nutrizionale di bambini in età prescolare e dei rispettivi caregivers (genitori/tutori).
MATERIALI E METODI
Nell’A.S. 2017-2018 sono stati arruolati 108 caregivers degli alunni di due Scuole
dell’Infanzia della Provincia dell’Aquila ai quali sono stati somministrati due questionari proxy
già utilizzati nel progetto europeo ToyBox. Sono state rilevate variabili socio-demografiche,
attitudinali, comportamentali e di contesto e le frequenze di consumo dei principali gruppi di
alimenti. L’elaborazione statistica è stata di tipo descrittivo.
RISULTATI
L’età dei bambini è pari mediamente a 4.6 ± 0.9 anni (range 1.9 – 6.0 anni).
Il consumo di bevande da parte dei caregivers è risultato adeguato (prediligono acqua
limitando le bevande zuccherate) e quello di snack orientato a scelte salutari (per es. il 37%
sceglie frutta e il 28% verdure più di una volta al giorno, il 25% yogurt 5-6 volte alla
settimana). Tuttavia, il 25% di essi non dichiara un netto disaccordo con il consumo di
bevande zuccherate (succhi e bibite) da parte dei bambini ogni volta che questi lo desiderino
o con l’affermazione che berle tutti i giorni possa comprometterne la salute. Inoltre, è chiaro
il ruolo protettivo di frutta e verdura e la necessità di considerarli scelte salubri per lo
snacking, tuttavia una proporzione molto bassa di bambini consuma realmente verdure
crude o cotte, come confermato anche dai dati effettivi di consumo rilevati con il FFQ. Meno
chiara è l’opportunità di scegliere latte e yogurt non zuccherati per il loro bambini. Risultano
scarsi il consumo di prodotti da forno integrali, di pesce e di legumi.
CONCLUSIONI
Tra i limiti dello studio la bassa numerosità campionaria e la modalità di arruolamento non
randomizzato. Tra le prospettive di ricerca future, la definizione di sottogruppi a maggior
rischio, per caratteristiche socio-demografiche come la cittadinanza e il livello di istruzione.
Lo studio fa emergere la necessità di formare i caregivers sulla salute nutrizionale fin dall’età
precoce e di renderli confidenti sulle loro capacità di superare le barriere percepite rispetto a
modelli alimentari più salubri nei loro bambini
Post-disaster context and adolescents’ perceived health: school wellbeing as mediating factor
No full textUn progetto formativo condiviso tra istituzioni: il caso della Quadreria Cesarini di Fossombrone (PU)
No full textL’11 luglio scorso presso la Sala della Quadreria Cesarini del Comune di Fossombrone si è svolto un incontro sul tema “La Scuola di Conservazione e Restauro dell’Università di Urbino: restaura Anselmo Bucci” l’iniziativa è stata organizzata dalla Scuola di Conservazione e Restauro dell’Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo in collaborazione con il Comune di Fossombrone.
L’incontro vuole dare visibilità al progetto sulla Quadreria Cesarini che vedrà nei prossimi anni una proficua collaborazione tra Università e Comune per sviluppare delle attività sulla documentazione digitale e la conservazione preventiva delle opere della collezione.
Dal punto di vista storico artistico la Quadreria Cesarini presenta due condizioni che la rendono una realtà particolare: lo statuto di casa-museo con annessa quadreria, e il fatto di essere stata immaginata come tale dallo stesso proprietario, il notaio Cesarini, quando era ancora in vita. Queste due condizioni fanno della collezione del Notaio un caso studio di particolare interesse per una ricerca centrata sulla conservazione e manutenzione non solo delle opere, peraltro di grande valore, esposte negli ambienti della casa museo e della quadreria, ma anche degli ambienti stessi, memoria storica e documentaria imprescindibile per la comprensione del personaggio Cesarini e delle sue scelte di committente. Dal punto di vista storico-artistico il corpus di opere di tale collezione denota un gusto colto e raffinato del Notaio incentrato sulla scelta di protagonisti di prim’ordine della figuratività italiana tra le due guerre come Carpi, Carena, Funi, Marini, Messina, Morandi, Severini, e racconta dell’amicizia feconda con Anselmo Bucci, originale figura di artista formatosi nella Parigi di inizio secolo e poi a lungo fra i protagonisti dell’arte italiana, di cui è visibile in museo una vastissima selezione delle sue prove più riuscite. Una ricognizione di questo consistente patrimonio, basato sulla preventiva catalogazione dell’intera collezione, è un passaggio fondamentale per la conoscenza che la casa-museo Quadreria Cesarini merita
Crystal structures of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexes with thiocarbamate non-nucleoside inhibitors
No full textO-Phthalimidoethyl-N-arylthiocarbamates (TCs) have been recently identified as a new class of potent HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNRTIs), by means of computer-aided drug design techniques [Ranise A. Spallarossa, S. Cesarini, F. Bondavalli. S. Schenone, O. Bruno, G. Menozzi, P. Fossa, L. Mosti, M. La Colla, et al., Structure-based design, parallel synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and molecular modeling studies of thiocarbamates, new potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriplase inhibitor isosteres of phenethylthiazolylthiourea derivatives, J. Med. Chem. 48 (2005) 3858-3873]. To elucidate the atomic details of RT/TC interaction and validate an earlier TC docking model, the structures of three RT/TC complexes were determined at 2.8-3.0 angstrom resolution by X-ray crystallography. The conformations adopted by the enzyme-bound TCs were analyzed and compared with those of bioisosterically related NNRTIs
La ripresa della vegetazione mediterranea dopo il passaggio degli incendi: il caso di studio del Monte Castellare (PI) - Toscana nord-occidentale
No full textIn Mediterranean ecosystems, wildfires are a key factor that affects vegetation and landscapes. In particular, recurrent wildfires are dramatically dangerous because they can compromise ecosystem resilience. In this view, the present work aimed to study the effects of fire events on the Mediterranean vegetation of Castellare Mount (Pisa). Castellare Mount seemed an interesting study place since two wildfires occurred in 2008 and 2009. The study area was divided into three sites: one site interested by the wildfire event occurred in 2009, another site interested by the wildfire event occurred in 2008, and a control site. Seven dominant plant species (Arbutus unedo L., Daphne gnidium L., Erica arborea L., Myrtus communis L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., Pinus pinaster Aiton and Quercus x morisii Borzì) were selected in each study site. For each species an index of flammability (IF) was calculated, following a non-destructive protocol that took into account seven functional traits related to leaves, twigs, canopy branching, standing litter, and volatile oils production. Moreover, a global flammability index was calculated for each study site. Results showed that all the plant species had quite high values of flammability, which could be explained by their adaptations to fire. In fact, all the taxa examined were active pyrophytes, whose regeneration are stimulated by fire events. However, vegetation survey highlighted a slower process of plant community recovery in the first year after the wildfire event than those observed in the subsequent years. In conclusion, recurrent wildfires are confirmed extremely dangerous because they compromise the recovery of Mediterranean vegetation
AKT-dependent phosphorylation of the adenosine deaminases ADAR-1 and -2 inhibits deaminase activity
No full textMurine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) kinases target both cytosolic and nuclear substrates for phosphorylation. Whereas the cytosolic substrates are known to be closely associated with the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy or metabolism and protein synthesis, the nuclear substrates are, for the most part, poorly understood. To better define the role of nuclear AKT, potential AKT substrates were isolated from the nuclear lysates of leukemic cell lines using a phosphorylated AKT substrate antibody and identified in tandem mass spectrometry. Among the proteins identified was adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)1p110, the predominant nuclear isoform of the adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA. Coimmunoprecipitation studies and in vitro kinase assays revealed that AKT-1, -2, and -3 interact with both ADAR1p110 and ADAR2 and phosphorylate these RNA editases. Using site-directed mutagenesis of suspected AKT phosphorylation sites, AKT was found to primarily phosphorylate ADAR1p110 and ADAR2 on T738 and T553, respectively, and overexpression of the phosphomimic mutants ADAR1p110 (T738D) and ADAR2 (T553D) resulted in a 50-100% reduction in editase activity. Thus, activation of AKT has a direct and major impact on RNA editing.-Bavelloni, A., Focaccia, E., Piazzi, M., Raffini, M., Cesarini, V., Tomaselli, S., Orsini, A., Ratti, S., Faenza, I., Cocco, L., Gallo, A., Blalock, W. L. AKT-dependent phosphorylation of the adenosine deaminases ADAR-1 and -2 inhibits deaminase activity
Modeling and Evaluation of Application-Aware Dynamic Thermal Control in HPC Nodes
No full textAs side effects of the end of Dennard’s scaling, power and thermal technological walls stand in front of the evolution of supercomputers towards the exaflops era. Energy and temperature walls are big challenges to face for assuring a constant grow of performance in future. New generation architectures for HPC systems implement HW and SW components to address energy and thermal issues for increasing power and efficient computing in scientific workload. In thermal-bound HPC machines, workload-aware runtimes can leverage hardware knobs to guarantee the best operating point in term of performance and power saving without violating thermal constraints. In this paper, we present an integer-linear programming formulation for job mapping and frequency selection for thermal-bound HPC nodes. We use a fast solver and workload traces extracted from a real supercomputer to test our methodology. Our runtime is integrated into the MPI library, and it is capable of assigning high-performance cores to performance-critical processes. Critical processes are identified at execution time through a mathematical formulation, which relies on the characterization of the application workload and on the global synchronization barriers. We demonstrate that by combining long and short horizon predictions with information on the critical processes retrieved from the programming model, we can drastically improve the performance of the target application w.r.t. state-of-the-art DTM solutions
An optimized task-based runtime system for resource-constrained parallel accelerators
No full textManycore accelerators have recently proven a promising solution for increasingly powerful and energy efficient computing systems. This raises the need for parallel programming models capable of effectively leveraging hundreds to thousands of processors. Task-based parallelism has the potential to provide such capabilities, offering flexible support to fine-grained and irregular parallelism. However, efficiently supporting this programming paradigm on resource-constrained parallel accelerators is a challenging task. In this paper, we present an optimized implementation of the OpenMP tasking model for embedded parallel accelerators, discussing the key design solution that guarantee small memory (footprint) and minimize performance overheads. We validate our design by comparing to several state-of-the-art tasking implementations, using the most representative parallelization patterns. The experimental results confirm that our solution achieves near-ideal speedups for tasks as small as 5K cycles
Hydromorphological discontinuities deeply modify the benthic multi‐species assemblage diversity in a Mediterranean running river
No full textThe aim of the study was to investigate the modifications of the macroinvertebrate multi-species assemblage in relation to hydromorphological discontinues, since macroinvertebrates are traditionally exploited in water quality assessment activities. Three sampling sites characterized by different hydrological characteristics were selected in five stations along the River Aniene in Central Italy. We evaluated the macroinvertebrate structure, traits, biotic and diversity indices in relation to the erosive power. Among macroinvertebrate taxa, Elminthidae and Chironomidae families showed a particular occurrence pattern associated with the site at the base of vertical drop, characterized by the stronger hydrodynamic. However, the water quality status was high, not showing differences between the three sites. Our finding has a novelty value as similar studies on the investigation of the hydromorphological discontinuities on macroinvertebrate structure and ecological traits are very scarce in the literature
Life on bottles: Colonisation of macroplastics by freshwater biota
No full textWhile rivers are known to be the main vectors of plastics to the sea, it seems surprising that studies on interactions (e.g. colonisation/entrapment and drift) between macroplastics and biota continue to remain largely neglected, notwith-standing they represent unexpected threats to freshwater biota and riverine habitats. To fill these gaps, here we fo-cused on the colonisation of plastic bottles by freshwater biota. To do so, we collected 100 plastic bottles from the River Tiber in summer 2021. Overall, 95 bottles were colonised externally and 23 internally. Specifically, biota mainly occurred within and outside the bottles rather than plastic pieces and organic debris. Moreover, while bottles were ex-ternally covered mainly by vegetal organisms (i.e. macrophytes), they internally entrapped more animal organisms (i.e. invertebrates). The taxa most occurring within and outside the bottles belonged to pool and low water quality -associated taxa (e.g. Lemna sp., Gastropoda, and Diptera). In addition to biota and organic debris, plastic particles also occurred on bottles reporting the first observation of 'metaplastics' (i.e. plastics encrusted on bottles). Further-more, we observed a significant positive correlation between the colonising taxa abundance and the bottle degree deg-radation. In this regard, we discussed how bottle buoyancy may change due to the organic matter on the bottle, affecting bottle sinking and transport along rivers. Our findings might be crucial for understanding the underrepre-sented topic of riverine plastics and their colonisation by biota, given that these plastics may act as vectors and cause biogeographical, environmental, and conservation issues to freshwater habitats
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