1,721,037 research outputs found
La nuova sociologia fiscale : percezione della tassazione e della giustizia tributaria nel pubblico
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Vittima, mediazione e riparazione. La giustizia riparativa tra Scilla e Cariddi = Victim, Mediation, and Reparation. Restorative Justice between Scylla and Charybdis
No full textThe paper summarizes the author’s intervention in the debate on Tamar Pitch’s work, Il malinteso della vittima, and explores the issue of criminal mediation and restorative justice. The discussion focuses on the author’s criticism of restorative justice, which represents a critical, anti-securitarian approach. Among the criticisms addressed, the author focuses on the definition of “victim” in the criminal context, pointing out the risk of legitimizing the “criminal law of the enemy”. Possible objections regarding the handling of restorative justice in cases of domestic and sexual violence are also analyzed. Instead, the author emphasizes the potential of restorative justice in fostering reeducation and reducing recidivism, but raises doubts about its effective implementation, examining practical challenges and critical issues in the Italian context. The conclusion reflects on the delicate balance between abolitionism and retributionism in restorative justice, highlighting the need for ongoing analysis based on evidence and experience
Sport e società: due modelli interpretativi tra aggressività e civilizzazione
No full textStarting from an analysis of the main theories and some of the most significant empirical research on sport, this article critically discusses the contrast between the "drive discharge" and "culture pattern" models, regarding the role and impact that sport covers in society. With the support of an interdisciplinary analysis and a micro-sociological, evolutionary and ethological approach, the author concludes by supporting validity of the drive discharge model, for which the institutionalization of sport and sports fandom would be part of the civilization process described by Norbert Elias
L’alba di una nuova professione : la pratica dell’organizational ombudsman
No full textThe organizational ombudsman practice is becoming in recent years a new field of interest in the academia. Born in North America and now spreading to Europe, the organizational ombudsman is a “neutral” employee in charge of dealing with disputes and complaints within the organization. Many universities, corporations and government agencies have an ombuds office today, but extensive empirical research in the field is still lacking.
This article features interviews with some of the most prominent people in the organizational ombudsman world: 8 university ombudsmen, 4 ombudsmen from a government agency, 4 corporate ombudsmen, 1 community ombudsman and 1 ombudsman working in a international organisation have discussed with the author various aspects of this new profession. Participant observation was also conducted during the joint meeting of two professional ombuds organisation, and some major issues such as the kind of systemic changes generated by ombudsmen and the evaluation of the ombudsman impact were discussed and examined.
Finally, two innovative ombudsman schemes have been analyzed in details: the ombudsman/mediator programme in the health care complaints sector and the community ombudsman in charge of dealing with disputes and relational dissatisfaction within a religious congregation
Watching-eye effect e nudge conformistico: meta-analisi di un’ottemperanza inconsapevole (con molti limiti)
Full text linkIn complex and democratic societies, the activity of control and enforce-ment cannot be delegated to an intrusive and omnipresent police apparatus. Even more than in pre-industrial societies, obeyance to the rules of coexistence must be based on spontaneous compliance. The function of social control, which is already favored by the tendential prosociality of human conduct, is also generally based on the threat of a negative consequence. Today we tend to view these threats of punish-ment as necessarily explicit and direct, and codes of legal, moral and religious norms serve this purpose.However, it cannot be excluded that the same goal can be achieved in many situa-tions, sometimes even more effectively, by leveraging an unconscious or semi-uncon-scious bias through a nudge, which surreptitiously directs us towards the behavior deemed socially desirable through a subtle social benchmark. This effect, which we could also define as conformist bias, seems to be achieved through visual stimuli such as the watching-eye, i.e. the more or less stylized image of an eye or of a person observing, placed in salient places from the point of view of the individual decision on the action to be taken.It has been hypothesized that our neural circuits are structured to automatically per-ceive the “social gaze”, and provide the reactions necessary to re-orient our behavior. The photographic or stylized image of this watching-eye would seem to obtain an ef-fect of greater compliance in situations in which it is not possible to obtain widespread personal surveillance, to an even greater extent than video surveillance equipment. Nu-merous empirical researches have subjected this hypothesis to empirical verification, and this contribution proposes to offer a review of it with respect to the issues involving social norms of a legal nature, as well as investigating the moral and theoretical implica-tions that derive from it
Cognizione del diritto : per una sociologia cognitiva dell’agire giuridico
No full textLa sociologia del diritto raccoglie oggi la sfida per un discorso realmente interdisciplinare, tra tutti i campi e gli approcci che possono contribuire alla costruzione di una moderna teoria del comportamento e dell’agire sociale. La comprensione e l’inquadramento di concetti come razionalità, emozione o giustizia, contribuiscono al superamento della grande divisione tra sapere sociologico micro e macro. Lo scienziato sociale che si occupa di diritto deve essere in grado di padroneggiare i discorsi epistemologici di diverse discipline, e di operare sintesi fruttuose e operazioni-ponte che gli consentano di comprendere il fenomeno giuridico anche da prospettive differenti. In questo lavoro si sono adottati quattro punti di vista: sociologico, psicologico, biologico-evoluzionistico e cognitivo. Sono infine le scienze cognitive ad avere la potenzialità per integrarsi con la sociologia, e costituire quella scienza sociale generale che assicuri un terreno comune di scambio. La cognizione soggettiva si presta infatti come unità di analisi utile al confronto tra discorso sociale e discorso etologico. L’obiettivo è di arrivare a una visione ampia e integrata del fenomeno giuridico, e tracciare la strada per una teoria integrata dell’agire orientato e percepito in base a norme
Negoziare e litigare elettronicamente : teoria e ricerca empirica
No full textSOMMARIO: 1. Il conflitto a distanza ― 2. Effetti e modi della comunicazione
a distanza ― 3. I limiti della comunicazione per e-mail: la quantità e la
qualità dei messaggi ― 4. (segue): l’assenza di sincronia ― 5. (segue): i
rischi dell’anonimato ― 6. I vantaggi della comunicazione elettronica ―
7. Sistemi intelligenti di negoziazione e risoluzione delle dispute ― 8.
Conclusioni
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