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Esame emocromocitometrico in corso di insufficienza renale nel cane e nel gatto: studio retrospettivo su 1135 casi
No full text
Capitolo 6. La trasfusione.
No full textNegli ultimi 20 anni la medicina emotrasfusionale del cane e del gatto si è sviluppata enormemente divenendo una vera e propria area di specializzazione della moderna medicina veterinaria e un importante supporto terapeutico nell’ambito della medicina d’urgenza, della terapia intensiva e della medicina interna.
L’obiettivo di questo manuale è quello di fornire allo studente e al veterinario pratico un ausilio di studio e di approfondimento unitamente a un supporto immediato per l’applicazione pratica di questa terapia specialistica. Il nostro scopo sarà raggiunto se la lettura riuscirà a chiarire i dubbi e a trasmettere l’interesse per questa affascinante disciplina la cui applicazione rigorosa ed etica riflette il rispetto che abbiamo verso i nostri pazienti
Confronto tra un test immunocromatografico rapido e il test di immunofluorescenza indiretta (IFAT) per la determinazione della positività anticorpale nei confronti di Leishmania infantum nel cane = Comparison of a immunocromatographic test kit with the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for assaying Leishmania infantum antibodies in dogs
No full textIntroduzione e scopo
- La leishmaniosi canina (LCan) causata da Leishmania infantum è una patologia zoonotica potenzialmente mortale. La disponibilità di un kit diagnostico rapido e facilmente utilizzabile nella pratica clinica rappresenta un valido ausilio per la diagnosi. L’obiettivo di questo studio è di confrontare il test rapido immunocromatografico, Theratest Leishmania ®kit (Tt) con l’immunofluorescenza indiretta (IFAT) quale metodo quantitativo di riferimento, per individuare anticorpi nei confronti di L. infantum, in cani naturalmente infetti.
Materiali e metodi
- Sono stati valutati contemporaneamente con entrambi i test, i sieri di 40 cani, 10 sani e 30 con diagnosi di leishmaniosi canina. Sono
stati considerati positivi titoli IFAT ≥ 1:80. Sono state calcolate sensibilità,
specificità, valore predittivo positivo e negativo del Tt. Per valutare la con-
cordanza tra i due test è stato utilizzato il test statistico Kappa (K) con IC
del 95%.
Risultati
- Il test IFAT ha individuato anticorpi anti-leishmania in 30/40 campioni con titolo anticorpale compreso tra 1:80 e 1:5120. Con il metodo Tt sono risultati positivi 31/40 campioni. Sensibilità e specificità di Theratest sono risultate rispettivamente del 100% e 95%. Il valore Kappa è risultato 0,935 dimostrando ottimo accordo tra metodo IFAT e Tt.
Discussione
- Theratest è in grado di identificare con accuratezza gli anticorpi anti-L. infantum nel siero di cane. Questo test rapido non richiede al-
cuna specifica preparazione dei campioni, né attrezzature dedicate e può essere conservato a temperatura ambiente, caratteristiche che lo rendono adatto ad essere utilizzato nella pratica clinica fornendo risultati in tempi rapidi.Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum infection is a life-threatening zoonotic disease. The availability of reliable and rapid in-clinic serologic tests, would assist immediate diagnosis in clinically suspected cases
Stability of Hemostatic Activity in Leukoreduced and Non-Leukoreduced Canine Plasma Units Stored Refrigerated or Frozen for 7 Days After Collection
Full text linkPlasma products are a fundamental treatment for domestic animals with hemorrhage due to coagulation factor deficiency. To preserve hemostatic activity, plasma units are stored frozen at -20°C or colder. A major limiting factor in using frozen plasma is the time required to thaw plasma products. This study evaluated activity of specific coagulation factors in fresh plasma units stored for 7 days at 4-6 C° compared to frozen plasma units. In addition, effect of leukoreduction on factor activity was evaluated.
In a prospective, laboratory in vitro study, 200 ml WB units were collected using specific canine collection systems (TEC 710 and TEC 709 Futurlab®) from ten healthy Golden Retrievers. Five WB units were non-leukoreduced and five were leukoreduced before centrifugation. Plasma units were obtained within 6 hours of blood collection by centrifugation and were aliquoted into two 50 ml plasma units and stored: at 4-6°C or frozen at -20°C. All units were analyzed at collection (D0) and after 7 days (D7). Coagulation factors evaluated were: FATIII, FV, FVIII, FX, FXI, von Willebrand (FvW) using STACompact Max® analyzer (Diagnostica Stago). The protocol was approved by the University of Milan Animal Welfare Bioethical Committee (OPBA_26_2018). Results from refrigerated and frozen plasma units were statistically compared with statistical significance set at P<0.05. Effect of leukoreduction was also evaluated.
Significant reduction in FVIII and FvW was found in refrigerated compared to frozen units at D7 (mean difference -38.9%, P=0.001 and -22.6%, P=0.002, respectively). Mean factor activities in refrigerated plasma were >50% D0, with the exception for FvW (mean value in D7 refrigerated plasma units: 47.5%). There was no significant effect of leukoreduction other than on FXI activity, which was significant lower (P<0.001) and with mean values <50% in leukoreduced compared to non-leukoreduced plasma units at D0.
Plasma separated within 6 hours of blood collection and stored at 4-6°C for 7 days had coagulation factor activity comparable to plasma units stored frozen at -20°C. The exception being FvW, where activity >50% was only seen in frozen plasma. Leukoreduction only significantly affects activity of FXI plasma coagulation factor
I gruppi sanguigni nel gatto : attuali conoscenze
Full text linkLa conoscenza dei gruppi sanguigni nel gatto è di fondamentale importanza non solo nella pratica dell’emotrasfusione, ma anche nella prevenzione della malattia emolitica neonatale. In questo articolo vengono descritte le caratteristiche dei gruppi sanguigni del gatto, la loro distribuzione in base alla razza e la loro applicazione pratica nell’ambito della medicina felina
Comparison of conventional tube and gel-based agglutination tests for feline AB system blood typing
No full textGel technology is widely used in human medicine for blood typing. It carries many advantages over routine tube testing, such as: standardization, stability, smaller sample volume, easy to perform and read, and rapidity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the gel column technique in feline blood typing.
The blood type of one hundred and thirty-six blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA or CPDA from feline blood donors, feline blood recipients, health patients and stored units of whole blood was determined using tube agglutination (TUBE) with plasma from type B cats as anti-A reagent, Triticum vulgaris lectin as anti-B reagent and PBS for control. Samples positive for type B and AB were back typed with type A RBCs to confirm whether the samples were B (strong agglutination) or AB (absence of agglutination). Samples were blood typed in duplicate using the same anti-A and anti-B reagents in a neutral gel (GEL) column technique (ID-Card NaCl enzyme test and cold agglutinins, DiaMed). Briefly, 25 μL of type B plasma and 25 μL of Triticum vulgaris lectin were mixed with 50 μL of a 0.8% RBC suspension (made by suspending 10 μL of the RBC pellet in 1 mL of low ionic strength solution) in the reaction chamber of a gel column identified as A and B respectively. For all samples, a negative control column containing the RBC suspension of interest and PBS was included. The gel columns were incubated for 15 min at room temperature and then centrifuged in a special gel column card centrifuge (ID-Centrifuge 24 S, DiaMed) at 80 g for 10 min. Finally, the gel column cards were visually checked to identify positive samples via agglutination reactions. Results were considered valid if the control column was negative. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (K) for GEL were calculated, considering TUBE as the gold standard technique.
Of 136 samples typed with TUBE, 95 (69.8%) were type A, 22 (16.2%,) type B and 19 (14.0%) type AB. All B and AB samples were confirmed by back typing. With GEL 112 samples (82.3%) gave concordant results with TUBE, and 24 samples showed a mixed-field agglutination pattern (presence of a layer of RBCs simultaneously either at the top and at the bottom of the gel in A or in B gel column). If a mixed-field pattern was interpreted as a negative result 135/136 (99.3%) samples showed concordant results and Se, Sp, PPV and NPV (95%CI) were respectively 100% (96.1-100), 100% (91.4-100), 100%, 100% for type A, 95.4% (77.1-99.8), 100% (96.8-100), 100% and 99.1% (94.3-99.8) for type B, 100% (82.3-100), 99.1% (95.3-99.9), 95.0% (72.9-99.2) and 100% for type AB. Strength of agreement was very good (K= 0.98, 95%CI 0.95-1.00).
The GEL column technique, using the same anti-A and anti-B reagents as in TUBE test is a sensitive and specific method for blood typing feline samples. Mixed-field pattern should be considered as negative results
Clinical efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in canine perianal fistulas and aural hematomas
No full textPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) derived from whole blood, is character- ized by platelet concentrations above baseline in a small volume of plasma that leads to increased concentration of platelet-derived growth factors which can stimulate cell proliferation and decrease the inflammatory reaction accelerating the healing process.
The aim of this study was to report the clinical efficacy of autol- ogous PRP obtained with a double centrifugation validated method [1] in the treatment of canine aural hematoma and peri- anal fistula. Dog 1: German shepherd, 11 years old, female, with multiple perianal fistulas, treated with systemic antibiotics and local disinfections without improvement for two months. The dog had 5 perineal fistulas, three of which confluent with each other, with erythema, serum/hematic exudate and dyschezia. Dog 2: Rhodesian ridgeback, 7 years old, female, with monolateral aural hematoma caused by accidental trauma, appeared 21 days before, treated with centesis and corticosteroids therapy, with initial improvement, but subsequent relapse. The dog had an unorga- nized right aural hematoma, size 4.5 9 5 cm, 2 cm thickness. Dog 3: Maltese, 4 years old, male, with monolateral aural hematoma, caused by intense head shaking for bilateral bacterial otitis, appeared 10 days before, treated with centesis and compression bandage, without any improvement. The dog had a partially orga- nized right aural hematoma, size 6 9 5 cm, 3 cm thickness, with 2 areas of necrosis with purulent exudate on the edges of ear pinna, erythema and pain.
Procedures and follow up: a medium volume of 0.5 ml of PRP was obtained from a blood sample of 8 ml following a protocol previously described [1]. The autologous PRP was injected 2 times directly into fistulas (0.1 ml for each fistula), while for the aural hematomas it was injected only once after a complete centesis of liquid using the same hole of the drainage inlet. The dogs were checked every 3 days for two week and then two times a month for 2 months to evaluate the improvement with a clinical scoreand photographic documentation. All dogs have a complete heal- ing of the lesions after one month of treatment with PRP, without using other drugs other then antibiotics. No recurrences were observed in one month follow up.
Autologous PRP obtained with a in-house double centrifugation method appears to be an effective, minimally invasive therapy in the treatment of perianal fistulas and aural hematoma in dogs
Clinical efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in canine perianal fistulas and aural hematomas
No full textPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) derived from whole blood, is characterized by platelet concentrations above baseline in a small volume of plasma that leads to increased concentration of platelet-derived growth factors which can stimulate cell proliferation and decrease the inflammatory reaction accelerating the healing process.
The aim of this study was to report the clinical efficacy of autologous PRP obtained with a double centrifugation validated method [1] in the treatment of canine aural hematoma and perianal fistula.
DOG 1
German Shepherd, 11-year-old female, with multiple perianal fistulas, treated with systemic antibiotics and local disinfections without improvement for two months. The dog had 5 perineal fistulas, three of which confluent with each other, with erythema, serum/hematic exudate and dyschezia.
DOG 2
Rhodesian Ridgeback, 7-year-old female, with monolateral aural hematoma caused by accidental trauma, appeared 21 days before, treated with centesis and
corticosteroids therapy, with initial improvement, but subsequent relapse. The dog had an unorganized right aural hematoma, size 4,5 x 5 cm, 2 cm thickness.
DOG 3
Maltese, 4-year-old male, with monolateral aural hematoma, caused by intense head shaking for bilateral bacterial otitis, appeared 10 days before, treated with
centesis and compression bandage, without any improvement. The dog had a partially organized right aural hematoma, size 6 x 5 cm, 3 cm thickness, with 2
areas of necrosis with purulent exudate on the edges of ear pinna, erythema and pain.
PROCEDURES AND FOLLOW UP
A medium volume of 0.5 ml of PRP was obtained from a blood sample of 8 ml following a protocol previously described.
1
The autologous PRP was injected 2 times directly into fistulas (0,1 ml for each fistula), while for the aural hematomas it was injected only once after a complete centesis of liquid using the same hole
of the drainage inlet. The dogs were checked every 3 days for two week and then two times a month for 2 months to evaluate the improvement with a clinical
score and photographic documentation. All dogs have a complete healing of the lesions after one month of treatment with PRP, without using other drugs other
than antibiotics. No recurrences were observed in one month follow up.
Autologous PRP obtained with an in-house double centrifugation method appears to be an effective, minimally invasive therapy in the treatment of perianal
fistulas and aural hematoma in dogs
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