15 research outputs found
3D Ensemble Simulation of Seawater Temperature: An Application for Aquaculture Operations
No full textDuring the past decades, the aquaculture industry has developed rapidly, due to drop in wild fish catch. Water quality variables play major role in aquaculture operations, specifically seawater temperature has major impact on the metabolism of the fish species and therefore on the growth rate too. Since the fish farming business relies on the growth rate of the species to plan and operate the farm, seawater temperature becomes crucial information. With the availability of hydrodynamic modeling tools and global ocean information source such as Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), seawater temperature can be simulated for practically any coast with dynamic downscaling approach. However, the simulated data needs to be assessed for uncertainties for enabling informed decision making using such model predictions. In this paper, a coastal 3D hydrodynamic model aiming at simulating seawater temperature is developed for the southern Aegean Sea, Greece using the Delft3D Flexible Mesh modeling tool. Seawater temperature is impacted by atmospheric forces; therefore, uncertainties are assessed for seawater temperature using ensemble atmospheric forcing functions of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5. Spatial analysis of the uncertainty indicates regions of different seawater temperature behavior within the model domain. Seasonal behavior of the vertical temperature gradient suggests that farms need to adapt different operational strategies in different seasons to make best use of the seawater temperature. The application of CMEMS data along with ECMWF ERA5 ensemble atmospheric forcing members proves to be beneficial in analyzing the uncertainties both in spatial and vertical gradient of seawater temperature.StatisticsMathematical Physic
A multi-scale approach for percolation transition and its application to cement setting
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2018, The Author(s).Shortly after mixing cement grains with water, a cementitious fluid paste is formed that immediately transforms into a solid form by a phenomenon known as setting. Setting actually corresponds to the percolation of emergent network structures consisting of dissolving cement grains glued together by nanoscale hydration products, mainly calcium-silicate-hydrates. As happens in many percolation phenomena problems, the theoretical identification of the percolation threshold (i.e. the cement setting) is still challenging, since the length scale where percolation becomes apparent (typically the length of the cement grains, microns) is many times larger than the nanoscale hydrates forming the growing spanning network. Up to now, the long-lasting gap of knowledge on the establishment of a seamless handshake between both scales has been an unsurmountable obstacle for the development of a predictive theory of setting. Herein we present a true multi-scale model which concurrently provides information at the scale of cement grains (microns) and at the scale of the nano-hydrates that emerge during cement hydration. A key feature of the model is the recognition of cement setting as an off-lattice bond percolation process between cement grains. Inasmuch as this is so, the macroscopic probability of forming bonds between cement grains can be statistically analysed in smaller local observation windows containing fewer cement grains, where the nucleation and growth of the nano-hydrates can be explicitly described using a kinetic Monte Carlo Nucleation and Growth model. The most striking result of the model is the finding that only a few links (~12%) between cement grains are needed to reach setting. This directly unveils the importance of explicitly including nano-texture on the description of setting and explains why so low amount of nano-hydrates is needed for forming a spanning network. From the simulations, it becomes evident that this low amount is least affected by processing variables like the water-to-cement ratio and the presence of large quantities of nonreactive fillers. These counter-intuitive predictions were verified by ex-professo experiments that we have carried out to check the validity of our model.Peer reviewe
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Some Quinoxaline-Incorporated Schiff Bases and Their Biological Evaluation
No full textQuinoxaline-incorporated Schiff bases (4a–j) were synthesized by the condensation of 2-[(3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]acetohydrazide (3) with indole-3-carbaldehyde, furfuraldehyde, 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furfuraldehyde, and substituted benzaldehydes under conventional and microwave irradiation methods. The microwave method was found to be remarkably successful with higher yields, less reaction time, and environmentally friendly compared to conventional heating method. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by analytical and spectral data. All the compounds have been evaluated for antitubercular and anti-inflammatory activities
Child Malnutrition and Mortality in Developing Countries: Evidence from a Cross-Country Analysis
No full textIn this paper we propose and test an interpretative framework on the social and economic determinants of child malnutrition and child mortality, two key human development indicators. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 illustrates the main economic and social factors causing child malnutrition and mortality. Section 2 identifies the main clusters of food insecure and vulnerable households and briefly describes their livelihood profiles. Section 3 exposes our cross-country estimation methodology. Section 4 reports and discusses the results. Section 5 concludes.Malnutrition; Mortality; Cross-Country Analysis; Millenium Development Goals; Food Insecurity
Reviewing numerical studies on sensible thermal energy storage in cementitious composites: report of the RILEM TC 299-TES
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Concrete has emerged as a promising solid-based sensible heat storage (SHS) material due to its favorable balance of thermal properties, cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, and widespread availability. This state-of-the-art review examines the applications of concrete-based SHS across diverse domains, including buildings, concentrated solar power systems, and industrial power generation. It also investigates the thermal properties of concrete relevant for SHS applications and explores the design considerations for concrete SHS systems and reviews the current research landscape and the role of numerical modeling and simulation techniques in optimizing the performance of concrete SHS systems. Various computational methods, such as transient modeling, finite element method (FEM), computational fluid dynamics, and simplified lumped capacitance models, have been employed to analyze and enhance the design of these systems. As research and development continue in this field, several future trends are anticipated.Peer reviewe
STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACIST TOWARDS ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING IN DAVANGERE CITY
No full textABSTRACT Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists towards adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting in Davangere city. Method: A prospective and questionnaire-based study, conducted for a period of 6 months in different pharmacies of Davangere city. The sample includes 145 pharmacists. Result: Among 145 pharmacists approached, 102 (response rate is 70.34%) pharmacists agreed to give the consent for study. Majority of them were male (90.2%). Out of these respondents, only 15 (14.7%) pharmacists knew the correct definition of ADR. Only 32 (31%) were aware of Pharmacovigilance Programme of India. 77 (75.4%) agreed that pharmacists could be the right person to assist physician in ADR reporting. Seventyfive (73.53%) respondents felt that ADR reporting has good outcome and 82 (80.4%) thought that they are not adequately trained in ADR reporting. Conclusion: Majority of pharmacists have poor knowledge, but positive attitude towards ADR reporting. Incorporation of ADR reporting concepts in education curriculum, training of pharmacists and voluntary participation of pharmacists in ADR reporting is very vital in safe guarding the public health
A Modern Roman-Inspired Concrete with Daytime Radiative Cooling Capacity
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.Addressing global warming through the modernization of buildings and urban areas is a major challenge. Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) materials offer potential solutions, but none have effectively replaced concrete's dominant role in urban environments. Here, a Roman-inspired concrete with PDRC capabilities is presented, combining high solar reflectance (≈0.95) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) emittance (≈0.91). It delivers cooling powers over 45 W m−2 under average solar intensities of 850 W m−2 without a convection shield. On hot days (above 30°C), it stays 2°C cooler than the surrounding air under solar irradiance up to 985 W m−2. Simulations predict this concrete can reduce energy use and CO2 emissions by ≈50% in hot regions and lower urban surface temperatures by up to 10°C during heat waves. This breakthrough offers a cheap, scalable and sustainable solution for energy efficiency and climate resilience.Peer reviewe
Coded aperture and coded exposure photography : an investigation into applications and methods
No full textThis dissertation presents an introduction to the field of computational photography, and provides a survey of recent research. Specific attention is given to coded aperture and coded exposure theory and methods, as these form the basis for the experiments performed
Design and environmentally benign synthesis of novel thiophene appended pyrazole analogues as anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging agents: Crystallographic, in silico modeling, docking and SAR characterization
No full textOxidative-stress induces inflammatory diseases and infections caused by drug-resistant microbial strains are on the rise necessitating the discovery of novel small-molecules for intervention therapy. The current study presents an effective and new green protocol for the synthesis of thiophene-appended pyrazoles through 3+2 annulations method. Chalcones 3(a-g) were prepared from 5-chloro-2-acetylthiophene and aromatic aldehydes by Claisen-Schmidt approach. The reaction of chalcones 3(a-g) with phenylhydrazine hydrochlorides 4(a-b) in acetic acid (30) medium and also with freshly prepared citrus extract medium under reflux conditions produced the thiophene appended pyrazoles 5(a-l) in moderate yields. Structures of synthesized new pyrazoles were confirmed by spectral studies, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Further, preliminary assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of the compounds showed that, amongst the series, compounds 5d, 5e and 5l have excellent anti-inflammatory activities. Further, compounds 5c, 5d, 5g, and 5i exhibited excellent DPPH radical scavenging abilities in comparison with the standard ascorbic acid. Furthermore, using detailed structural modeling and docking efforts, combined with preliminary SAR, we show possible structural and chemical features on both the small-molecules and the protein that might contribute to the binding and inhibition
