1,160 research outputs found
Economic Uncertainties in Valuing Reductions in Children's Environmental Health Risks
No full textThe recognition that environmental hazards can affect children differently and more severely than adults has provoked growing concern in industrialized nations about the impact of environmental pollution on children’s health. In this paper, commissioned by the OECD, we are charged with examining “economic uncertainties” associated with valuing the benefits of environmental policies that reduce risk to children’s health. We examine two sources of uncertainty in benefits estimation: forecasting uncertainty and modeling uncertainty. We explore how these sources of uncertainty affect the use of standard economic and non-economic approaches to the valuation of health benefits. These include willingness-to-pay measures, cost-of-illness and human-capital measures, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and related non-economic measures.willingness to pay, QALY, children, social welfare function, health valuation, environmental health, household behavior
“I Pity the Brave Man Willing to Visit Its Countries.” The Lyrical Image of Poetry in the Work of Bogusław Adamowicz
No full textThe article concerns the poem by Bogusław Adamowicz Ta poezja, to rusałka from the volume Gra wyobraźni of the year 1897. The text refers to the lyrical image of poetry contained in the poem, presented as a nymph. Adamowicz, a Polish modernist author, creates a parallel between the features of poetry as a creative act and the attributes given to this Slavonic demon. This poem is definitely distinguishable, both against the background of the other poems by Adamowicz, and in the manner of using Slavonic beliefs in Polish modernist literature
Holopedium acidophilum Rowe, Adamowicz & Hebert, 2007, n. sp.
No full textHolopedium acidophilum n. sp. Etymology. acidophilum refers to the apparent restriction of populations of this species to acidic bogs, ponds, and lakes. Type locality. Red Rock Pond, New Brunswick, Canada (45.233 º N, 66.733 º W), which is located near St. George, NB. It is situated north of Lake Utopia. From Hwy 785, turn onto Red Rock Lake Road. This road bifurcates 3.5 km later. Take the right fork. Proceed 2.9 km to Red Rock Pond which is on the right hand side of the gravel road. Type specimens. Holotype: an ovigerous female in ethanol deposited in the CMN under accession number CMNC 2007 -0738 (collection date June 13, 1992). Paratypes: 10 ovigerous females, preserved in ethanol, deposited in the CMN under accession number CMNC 2007 -0739 (collection date June 13, 1992). Material examined. Other habitats with H. acidophilum are listed in Appendix A. Morphological description. FEMALE. Representative photomicrographs are shown in Fig. 9. The jelly coat is of the A type, in which the anterior jelly curl arches toward the anterior portion of the jelly coat, and the lateral lobes are undivided (see Montvilo et al. 1987). Adult carapace lengths range from 0.62–1.46 mm (mean 1.10 mm), while carapace heights range from 0.24–1.48 mm (mean 1.08 mm). The H/L ratios range from 0.40–1.29 (mean 0.97). The ventral carapace margin is ordinarily spinulated posteriorly, but smooth anteriorly. Individuals lacking spinulation along the entire ventral valve margin were encountered. Anal spine number ranges from 8–21 (mean 14.07). Holopedium acidophilum lacks a basal spine on each postabdominal claw. Each claw invariably has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint. MALE. Males were found in the type locality (Red Rock Pond, NB) from collections made in June and September over several years. Body lengths range from 0.40–0.91 mm. The ventral carapace margin is spinulated posteriorly, but smooth anteriorly. Males possess 9–17 anal spines. Holopedium acidophilum lacks a basal spine on each postabdominal claw. Each claw invariably has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint. Differential diagnosis. H. acidophilum can be distinguished from H. amazonicum and H. atlanticum by its larger size and greater number of anal spines. It differs from both members of the H. gibberum species complex by its lack of a basal spine on the postabdominal claw. Holopedium acidophilum can be biochemically distinguished from H. atlanticum at the Pgm locus. Holopedium acidophilum possesses an allele that migrates faster than the allele present in H. atlanticum. COI mtDNA sequence divergence between H. acidophilum and H. amazonicum averages 8.7 %, while the divergence between H. acidophilum and H. atlanticum averages 10.6 %. Based on current evidence, individuals showing less than 6 % divergence from a representative COI mtDNA sequence (GenBank AF 245352) belong to H. acidophilum. Distribution. Holopedium acidophilum appears to be restricted to a narrow latitudinal range (43 º to 47 º N) spanning North America (Fig. 4 d). This species was not found to co-occur with other species of Holopedium. Despite concentrated sampling within this range, this species was found rarely. It occurred in three lakes and one pond on the west coast of Oregon, a small pond on the upper Michigan peninsula, and two bogs in southeastern New Brunswick. The eastern bog habitats were situated within a few kilometers of lake populations of both H. glacialis and H. atlanticum, but there was no evidence of genetic exchange as indicated by distinctive allozyme and mtDNA profiles. In the west, H. acidophilum was found in coastal lakes and ponds in Oregon, while the nearest populations of H. glacialis were in lakes in the Coastal Mountains. Breeding system. Males were detected in the eastern populations in mid June and late September, indicating that members of these populations are cyclical parthenogens. Males were not detected in western and central populations, but this was likely because they were sampled in the summer. Moreover, genotype frequencies were generally concordant with Hardy-Weinberg expectations.Published as part of Rowe, Chad L., Adamowicz, Sarah J. & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2007, Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 1656 on pages 32-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17985
Holopedium atlanticum Rowe, Adamowicz & Hebert, 2007, n. sp.
No full text<i>Holopedium atlanticum</i> n. sp. <p> <b>Synonymy.</b> Individuals from North America previously identified as <i>H. amazonicum</i> should properly be identified as <i>H. atlanticum</i>.</p> <p>Birge (1918): 693, Fig. 1061b</p> <p>Pennak (1953): 364–365, Fig. 227d</p> <p>Brooks (1959): 603, Fig. 27.13</p> <p>Pennak (1978): 365–366, Fig. 254d</p> <p>Pennak (1989): 386–387, Fig. 12d</p> <p>Korovchinsky (1992): 77–78, Figs. 371–373, 375, 377</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>atlanticum</i> refers to the distribution of this species in lakes along the eastern Atlantic seaboard of North America.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Moosehead Lake, Maine (45.633º N, 69.683º W). On Hwy ME-6, in close proximity to the town of Moosehead.</p> <p> <b>Type specimens. Holotype</b>: an ovigerous female in ethanol deposited in the CMN under accession number CMNC 2007-0741 (collection date September 2, 1993).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>: 10 ovigerous females, preserved in ethanol, deposited in the CMN under accession number CMNC 2007-0742 (collection date September 2, 1993).</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Other habitats with <i>H. atlanticum</i> are listed in Appendix A.</p> <p> <b>Morphological description.</b> FEMALE. Representative photomicrographs are shown in Fig. 10. The jelly coat is of the A type, in which the anterior jelly curl arches toward the anterior portion of the jelly coat, and the lateral lobes are undivided (see Montvilo <i>et al.</i> 1987).</p> <p>Adult carapace lengths range from 0.44–1.01 mm (mean 0.73 mm), while carapace heights range from 0.30–1.06 mm (mean 0.74 mm). The H/L ratios range from 0.68–1.37 (mean 1.00). The ventral carapace margin is ordinarily spinulated posteriorly, but smooth anteriorly. Individuals lacking spinulation along the entire ventral valve margin were encountered.</p> <p> Anal spine number ranges from 6–11 (mean 8.35). <i>Holopedium atlanticum</i> lacks a basal spine on each postabdominal claw. Each claw ordinarily has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint, although individuals were observed that lacked claw denticulation.</p> <p> MALE. Males have been found in small numbers in collections from sites in North Carolina in May and June; however, they are typically found in the highest abundance in the autumn (Hegyi 1973). Males of this species were not examined in this study, and thus detailed morphometrics cannot be presented. However, Hegyi (1973) presented a photograph and brief description of a male <i>Holopedium</i> which, based on distributional data, is probably <i>H. atlanticum</i>.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> Although <i>H. atlanticum</i> is morphologically indistinguishable from <i>H. amazonicum</i>, these two species have allopatric distributions reducing the likelihood of genetic exchange (Fig. 4 c,e). <i>Holopedium atlanticum</i> is distinguished from <i>H. acidophilum</i> by the larger size and greater number of anal spines of the latter species. It differs from members of the <i>H. gibberum</i> complex by the absence of a basal spine on either postabdominal claw. <i>Holopedium atlanticum</i> can be biochemically distinguished from <i>H. acidophilum</i> at the <i>Pgm</i> locus, as <i>H. atlanticum</i> produces an enzyme which migrates slower than that of the latter species. COI mtDNA sequence divergence between <i>H. atlanticum</i> and <i>H. amazonicum</i> averages 12.3%, while the divergence between <i>H. atlanticum</i> and <i>H. acidophilum</i> averages 10.6%. Based on current evidence, individuals showing less than 4.8% divergence from a representative COI mtDNA sequence (GenBank AF 245353) belong to <i>H. atlanticum</i>.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>H. atlanticum</i> was found along the Atlantic coast of North America from New Brunswick and Maine south to Florida, (Fig. 4 c). Populations of <i>Holopedium</i> reported by other workers from the southeastern United States are likely also <i>H. atlanticum</i>. Its range overlaps that of <i>H. glacialis</i> in the northeastern USA and southern New Brunswick, where these species occur sympatrically without hybridization. The extent of range overlap with <i>H. glacialis</i> is unresolved by this study, but several workers have identified <i>H. atlanticum</i> (formerly <i>H. amazonicum</i>) as far north as New Brunswick and <i>H. glacialis</i> (formerly <i>H. gibberum</i>) as far south as Tennessee and possibly South Carolina (Coker 1938, Bunting 1970, Hebert & Finston 1997).</p> <p> <b>Breeding system.</b> Males were not detected in populations collected throughout the summer in this study. In a life history study spanning two years, males were most abundant in early spring and late autumn (Hegyi 1973). In some southern localities, populations persist throughout the winter. Due to the existence of males, this species likely reproduces by cyclic parthenogenesis, but there is very little allozyme variation, suggesting that either this species engages in sexual reproduction infrequently or that variation has been trimmed due to a population bottleneck.</p> <p> A note regarding <i>H. groenlandicum</i> and <i>H. ramasarmii</i></p> <p> While individuals from Greenland were not included in the present study, the recently described species <i>H. groenlandicum</i> (Korovchinsky 2005) can purportedly be distinguished from <i>H. gibberum</i> by its “dorsally low shell and jelly envelope, shorter row of valve marginal spinules which are subdivided in groups, and comparatively longer postabdominal claws.” However, shell shape is a highly variable feature, which may be environmentally influenced (Røen 1962) and can depend upon the locality and presence/absence of fish (CLR pers. obs). The body lengths (0.74 to 1.09mm, mean 1.45mm), carapace heights (0.80 to 1.57mm, mean 1.19mm), and H:L ratios (0.641 to 1.000, mean 0.814) found by Korovchinsky (2005) in the Greenland populations fall within the ranges of values found in <i>H. gibberum</i> and <i>H. glacialis</i> populations in the present study (the preceding ranges and means that were not published in Korovchinsky [2005] were provided to CLR by that author). Jelly coat shape may be influenced by preservation (CLR, pers. obs), and therefore this trait may not be a good feature for diagnosing species. Moreover, the degree of carapace margin spinulation is also a highly variable trait within species (present study), although the discontinuous nature of the spinulation in the Greenland populations is noteworthy. Finally, the length of the postabdominal claws reported by Korovchinsky (2005, his Figure 1) is within the range of claw lengths observed for the <i>H. gibberum</i> s.s. populations studied here. Furthermore, the fact that we detected closely related lineages of <i>H. gibberum</i> s.s. in both northern Europe and North America suggests that similar lineages may be found in intervening arctic areas.</p> <p> Individuals from India were also not included in the present study. Consideration of the differences between either of the species in the <i>H. gibberum</i> complex and <i>H. ramasarmii</i> (Rao <i>et al.</i> 1998) is not currently possible due to the poor description of the latter species, lacking in detail. Korovchinsky (2004) labeled this species <i>incertae sedis</i>.</p> <p> We suggest that genetic evidence is required to determine if <i>H. groenlandicum</i> and <i>H. ramasarmii</i> are distinct species or if they are synonymous with described taxa.</p>Published as part of <i>Rowe, Chad L., Adamowicz, Sarah J. & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2007, Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 1656</i> on pages 34-36, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/179852">10.5281/zenodo.179852</a>
Modeling Hole Transport in Wet and Dry DNA
No full textWe present a DFT/classical molecular dynamics model of DNA charge conductivity. The model involves a temperature-driven, hole-hopping charge transfer and includes the time-dependent nonequilibrium interaction of DNA with its molecular environment. We validate our method against a variety of hole transport experiments. The method predicts a significant hole-transfer slowdown of ∼35% from dry to wet DNA with and without electric field bias. In addition, in agreement with experiments, it also predicts an insulating behavior of (GC)N oligomers for 40 < N < 1000, depending on the experimental setup
Indirect Determination of the Piezo-Spectroscopic Coefficients of Ceria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals
No full textLa gioia di leggere (il Conrad). Agnieszka Adamowicz-Pośpiech: „Adaptacje biografii i twórczości Josepha Conrada w kulturze współczesnej". Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2022, 364 s
No full textRecenzja jest omówieniem pracy Agnieszki Adamowicz-Pośpiech Adaptacje biografii i twórczości Josepha Conrada w kulturze współczesnej. Opracowanie podzielone jest na trzy części, które dotyczą odrębnych dziedzin sztuki - powieści graficznych i komiksów, przetworzeń literackich oraz przedstawień teatralnych i filmowych. Autorka, przeprowadzając drobiazgową analizę wybranych dzieł, stawia nowatorską tezę, że adaptacjom podlegają nie tylko utwory Conrada, ale także jego biografia. Publikacja stanowi cenny wkład w dziedzinę studiów conradologicznych, znacząco uzupełniając stan badań.Questa recensione è dedicata alla valutazione della monografia di Agnieszka Adamowicz-Pośpiech Adattamenti della biografia e delle opere di Joseph Conrad nella cultura contemporanea. Lo studio è diviso in tre parti che riguardano aree distinte dell’attività artistica del Conrad: graphic novel e fumetti, trasformazioni letterarie e produzioni teatrali e cinematografiche. Agnieszka Adamowicz-Pośpiech, attraverso un’analisi approfondita delle opere selezionate, avanza una tesi innovativa secondo cui non solo le opere di Conrad sono soggette ad „adattamenti”, ma anche elementi della sua biografia. La pubblicazione costituisce un prezioso contributo nel campo della ricerca sul Conrad (conradologia), integrando in modo significativo la conoscenza sull’opera dello scrittore.The review surveys Agnieszka Adamowicz-Pośpiech’s monograph Adaptacje biografii i twórczości Josepha Conrada w kulturze współczesnej. The study is divided into three parts, which concern separate fields of art – graphic novels and comic books, literary transformations, and theatrical and film productions. The author, conducting a meticulous analysis of selected works, puts forward an innovative thesis that not only Conrad’s works but also his biography are subject to adaptations. The publication is a valuable contribution to the field of Conrad studies, significantly supplementing the state of research
What's it worth? An examination of historical trends and future directions in environmental valuation
No full textThe present paper reviews activity in environmental valuation by examining trends in publication rates over the past three decades. It also provides an overview of the demand for environmental valuation by academic markets and by policy markets. The results of this historical analysis suggest that there is not as much use of environmental valuation in policy analysis as could be expected given the academic efforts on this topic. The paper also provides an overview of the future directions that environmental valuation research is likely to take given current research efforts.Environmental Economics and Policy,
FIGURE 8 in Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods
No full textFIGURE 8. Representative photomicrographs of Holopedium amazonicum. (a) Lateral view of ovigerous female with jelly coat removed. (b) Lateral view of brooding female with jelly coat removed. (c) Lateral view of female head. (d) Partial lateral view of female. (e) Lateral view of female head. (f) Lateral view of female postabdomen. Lago Coari, Amazonas, May 24, 1996. (g) Lateral view of brood pouch margin and eggs. (h) Lateral view of ventral carapace margin. (a–e, g–h) from Lago Caju, Amazonas, September 24, 1998.Published as part of Rowe, Chad L., Adamowicz, Sarah J. & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2007, Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 1656 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17985
HABIT FORMATION AND VARIETY SEEKING IN A DISCRETE CHOICE MODEL OF RECREATION DEMAND
No full textThe recreational site choice decision modeled in most economic analyses seldom contains previous experience with the site as a characteristic or attribute. A rational dynamic model is used to incorporate previous experience with the site in a model of the choice of recreation sites. Based on the comparison of dynamic and static models, it is apparent that dynamic elements influence choice. The use of previous consumption as an attribute (either in a naïve or rational form) is an improvement over static models of choice. In welfare analysis, this effect may be a significant factor. For example, a change in prices or quality attributes may have a much larger impact on those individuals who have developed habits.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
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