487 research outputs found
Predictive validity of the host community acculturation scale: The effects of social dominance orientation and the belief in biological determinism
No full textIn this study, the predictive validity of the Italian version of the host community acculturation scale (HCAS; Barrette, Bourhis, Capozza, & Hichy, 2005) was tested using multiple regression. Participants (university students) completed the HCAS for three target groups (Immigrants, the Chinese, Albanians). Acculturation attitudes were measured in the domains of employment and cultural heritage. Social dominance orientation (SDO; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999), national and political identification were used as predictors for each acculturation orientation. In line with previous research, results showed that SDO was the main predictor of the acculturation orientations. Authors hypothesized that the effect of SDO was mediated by the belief in genetic determinism (BDG; Keller, 2005), namely, the belief that members of social categories share immutable characteristics, fixed in the genes. Results supported the hypothesis, but only in the culture domain and for the rejection orientations
Lo Zanni di Dario Fo: dalla realtà alla finzione scenica
No full textLo Zanni è una figura centrale nella scrittura letteraria e nel teatro di Dario Fo. È il prototipo di tutte le maschere della Commedia dell’Arte (è il padre di Arlecchino, di Brighella) ma non è un personaggio inventato, quanto piuttosto reale. Lo zanni è legato a una precisa categoria sociale, quella dei contadini delle valli di tutto il Po che, nel Cinquecento, per motivi economici, dovettero abbandonare le loro terre. In Fo lo Zanni, se pur figura sopraffatta dalla miseria, non si consegna mai a forme di rassegnata disperazione, quanto piuttosto a forme di bizzarra e vitalistica ribellione che, pervase da un candore primigenio, ne fanno un eroe inconsapevole
Delayed Gastric Emptying in Advanced Parkinson Disease
No full textIntroduction Gastrointestinal dysfunction is often described in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), and gastrointestinal symptoms are usually attributed to gastroparesis. The consequent delayed gastric emptying (GE) may be an important pharmacokinetic mechanism underlying some of the response fluctuations that develop after long-term levodopa (l-dopa) therapy. The aim of this prospective study was to assess GE time by a liquid meal scintigraphy, in PD patients, and to correlate them with demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data. Methods Scintigraphy with radiolabeled albumin nanocolloids added to acidified orange juice was performed in 51 consecutive PD patients 1 hour after their usual dopaminergic therapy first dose and after a 12-hour fast. Demographic, neurologic, gastrointestinal, and pharmacologic data were collected. Results Fifty-one patients were divided into 2 groups using the cutoff point obtained in normal subjects (40 minutes): group 1 included 29 patients with GE T1/2 of 27.60 ± 7.30 minutes (normal), group 2 showed a GE T1/2 of 84.90 ± 53.80 minutes (delayed). The most striking significant difference between the 2 groups was the dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor mean dose that was significantly higher in the group of patients with delayed GE (201.32 ± 97.26 vs 127.65 ± 79.74; P = 0.005). Conclusions The impairment of gastric motility, frequently represented in PD patients, occurs in approximately 42% of patients with motor complications. A mechanism that may explain the GE delay is the effect of l-dopa on dopaminergic receptors in the stomach. Therefore, the dosage of dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor, increasing the l-dopa concentration, may contribute to GE delay and its consequent effect on drug delivery and efficacy
Does status affect intergroup perceptions of humanity?
No full textAcross three studies, we examined whether ingroup status may affect intergroup perceptions of humanity. In Studies 1 and 2, we considered real groups: Northern versus Southern Italians; in Study 3, we manipulated the socioeconomic status of two minimal groups. In all studies, members of higher status groups perceived the ingroup as more human than the outgroup, while members of lower status groups did not assign a privileged human status to the ingroup. Such findings were obtained using different implicit techniques: the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT). Further, results suggest that the different perceptions of humanity may depend on the stereotypic traits generally ascribed to higher and lower status groups. The implications of results for infrahumanization research are discussed. © The Author(s) 2012
Confronto tra strategie di contatto in contesti di lavoro.
No full textIn the present study, we tested the effectiveness of certain contact modes to improve the relationships between Italians and immigrants. In particular, the intergroup contact theory (Brown and Hewstone, 2005), the common ingroup identity model (Gaertner and Dovidio, 2000), the dual identity model (Gaertner et al., 2000) were evaluated. A questionnaire was used. Participants, belonging to the Italian group, were workers of firms in a Northern region. We hypothesized that the salience of a common identity would be more effective in improving the relationships with immigrants, met at work, than the other contact modes. Generalization of contact effects to the wider category of immigrants would be stronger when dual identity, rather than common identity or two-groups representation, was salient. Results supported the prediction concerning the effectiveness of common ingroup identity salience, though we did not find the expected moderation effects. Practical and theoretical implications of results are discussed
Fig. 5 in Antihypertensive phytocomplexes of proven efficacy and well-established use: Mode of action and individual characterization of the active constituents
No full textFig. 5. Isolated components of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton extract characterized for antihypertensive activity.Published as part of Micucci, M., Bolchi, C., Budriesi, R., Cevenini, M., Maroni, L., Capozza, S., Chiarini, A., Pallavicini, M. & Angeletti, A., 2020, Antihypertensive phytocomplexes of proven efficacy and well-established use: Mode of action and individual characterization of the active constituents, pp. 1-19 in Phytochemistry (112222) 170 on page 6, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112222, http://zenodo.org/record/829299
Organizational commitment, commitment to change and burnout
No full textThe hypothesis of this study was that, in a workplace where a change is in progress, organizational commitment (affective component) inhibits burnout perceptions (emotional exhaustion, cynicism) through the partial mediation of commitment to change. The study was carried out in a hospital; 194 nurses were examined. At present, a change in Italian hospitals concerns the introduction in personnel of staff supporting nursing activities. The ambiguities of the new role have generated feelings of unease among nurses who, owing to the change, perceive their responsibilities as increased. The measures we used were: the scale of organizational commitment by Meyer, Allen, and Smith (1993; affective component); the scale of commitment to change by Herscovitch and Meyer (2002); the MBI-GS scale of burnout (Italian version by Borgogni et al., 2005). Our hypothesis was not confirmed: no mediation effect of commitment to change was revealed. As explained in the discussion, other factors may account for the negative relation found between attachment to organization and burnout
Metalloproteinase-9 serum leveis and restrictive diastolic filling pattern as major predictors of outcome in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
No full textFavoritismo implicito per il proprio gruppo: Gli effetti dell’identificazione
No full textThe present study examined the moderating effect of ingroup identification on explicit and implicit measures of bias. The relation was considered between Italians (ingroup) and Moroccans (outgroup), a large immigration group in Italy. To measure implicit bias we used a sequential priming paradigm with subliminal primes (MOROCCANS and ITALIANS) and evaluative judgments
(positive/negative). After completing the priming task, participants (N = 86 Italian university students) filled out a questionnaire containing the explicit measures of identification and intergroup bias. Results showed that identification had a moderating effect on explicit measure of bias, with higher identifiers displaying greater. Ingroup bias also occurred at the level of automatic responses,
but at this level, identification did not moderate the effect. The differential effect of identification on explicit and implicit measures, as well as the dissociation between explicit and implicit measures of bias, are discussed
Americans: Barbarians or allies?
No full textAccording to the image theory (Alexander et al., 1999; Herrmann, 1985), perceptions relative to the strategic relations betweennations (goal compatibility; relative power; and relative status, namely culture) generate differential outgroup stereotypes (e.g., enemy, ally). In this study, the perceptions Italians have of Americans were revealed, using a direct (Likert-type scale) and an indirect technique (semantic differential used as an indirect measure). The images of ally, barbarian, imperialist and enemy were considered, and one image was added: that of father. Moreover, the effects of the political orientation and identification with the national ingroup were evaluated. It was hypothesized that right-wing participants (N=92, students of Psychology) would adopt the images of father and ally; left-wing participants (N=102, students of Psychology) should instead use the images of barbarian, imperialist and enemy. Identification with the Italian ingroup should make salient the help Americans gave in the liberation from fascism, and the long collaboration between Italy and the United States; it was, therefore, hypothesized that, in right-wing participants, identification positively influences the images of father and ally. Findings, obtained with the direct technique, indicated that rightwing participants only used the image of ally, whereas left-wing participants saw Americans as: barbarians, imperialists, enemies. The application of the indirect technique showed, for right-wing participants, a positive correlation of Americans with ally and father; left-wingparticipants associated Americans with imperialist, barbarian andenemy. Finally, identification influences, in the right-wing, theperceptions of outgroup as ally and father
- …
