85 research outputs found
Properties of CIGS Solar Cells Developed with Evaporated II-VI Buffer Layers
No full textThe CIGS layers were grown with a vacuum evaporation method. The CdS was deposited by a high vacuum evaporation (HVE) method at different substrate temperatures and post deposition treatments were applied. Properties of different CdS layers are characterized and the analyses of the current-voltage and spectral response measurements have been performed to identify the differences of CBD and PVD processes.
ZnS and ZnSe buffer layers were applied as an alternative to CdS. Layers of different thickness were grown by e-beam (EB) and thermal evaporation (VE) at different substrate temperatures (RT to 400 °C). A post-deposition annealing was applied in order to
control the diffusion of Zn into the CIGS. Upon light soaking, increase in Voc and FF are measured
Development of Thin Film Cu(In, Ga)Se2 and CdTe solar cell
No full textCu(In,Ga)Se-2 and CdTe heterojunction solar cells grown on rigid (glass) or flexible foil substrates require p-type absorber layers of optimum optoelectronic properties and n-type wide-bandgap partner layers to form the p-n junction. Transparent conducting oxide and specific metal layers are used for front and back electrical contacts. Efficiencies of solar cells depend on various deposition methods as they control the optoelectronic properties of the layers and interfaces. Certain treatments, such as addition of Na in Cu(InGa)Se-2 and CdCl2 treatment of CdTe have a direct influence on the electronic properties of the absorber layers and efficiency of solar cells. Processes for the development of superstrate and substrate solar cells are reviewed
Examination of factors that influence academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty
No full textPublic funding for community colleges has been steadily declining since the peak of funding in the 1970s (Brightman, 1989). Surviving the constant threats of budgetary cuts has been a key motivating factor for community colleges to embrace academic entrepreneurialism. I examined the academic entrepreneurial pursuits of one California Community College (CCC) to understand those factors that encourage community college faculty to pursue academic entrepreneurial solutions. The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine factors that encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty. Specifically, I investigated three categories of factors that influence academic entrepreneurialism: individual, institutional, and environmental. Individual factors include demographic and background characteristics, including age, race, gender, academic training, and previous professional careers. Institutional factors include program offerings available for students, institutional reputation and history, institutional policies and practices, and academic and administrative leadership. Environmental factors relate to the peer influences of a campus that encourages academic entrepreneurial behavior of faculty. The significance of this study lies in the identification of factors that encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty, ultimately supporting institutional efforts to augment funding. I investigated individual, institutional, and environmental factors that encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty. Accordingly, the research questions identify key factors that encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty and explain how they facilitate faculty to engage in academic entrepreneurialism. The research questions that I evaluated in this study are: What individual, institutional, and environmental factors influence community college faculty to engage in academic entrepreneurialism? What is the relationship between faculty background, institutional, and environmental characteristics and the frequency and quality of academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty? I found that all three factors are essential elements of academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty. Individual, institutional, and environmental factors consist of people who are all pursuing their self-interest. This follows the tenets of rational choice theory as the study finds that self-interest influences faculty academic entrepreneurialism. The study argues that changes to institutional policies are the key determining factor to encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty. Institutional policies determine how a college functions and understands the interrelationship between individual, institutional, and environmental factors. Encouraging academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty requires institutional policies that focus on the fundamental issue: recruiting, retaining, and evaluating community college faculty. The study offers suggestions for how to influence institutional policies that in turn encourage faculty academic entrepreneurialism by addressing the following areas: faculty job descriptions, faculty job announcements, evaluating faculty levels of academic entrepreneurialism, and offering entrepreneurial faculty financial incentives.Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-132)California State University, Northridge. Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies
HIGH-QUALITY INTRINSIC ZnO FILM FOR THE APPLICATION OF SOLAR CELL GROWN BY ICP-ASSISTED REACTIVE DC MAGNETRON SPUTTERING AT LOW TEMPERATURE
No full textIntrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO) film was prepared for CuInSe2 (CIS) solar cell application [L. Stolt and J. Hedstrom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (1993) 8; D. Rudmann, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Basel, Basel, (2004)] on glass substrate by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-assisted DC magnetron sputtering and under a quite low temperature of 50°C. The sputtering was done in an Ar and O2 gas mixture and a ceramic ZnO target was used. The microstructures of the film were investigated by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. It was shown that all of the films had a c-axis preferred orientation perpendicular to the substrate. In our work, film with resistivity of 7 × 108Ω·cm and transmittance of about 80% in the visible range was prepared under the conditions of 4 mTorr working pressure and 50°C temperature.
Examination of factors that influence academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (pages 125-132)Public funding for community colleges has been steadily declining since the peak of funding in the 1970s (Brightman, 1989). Surviving the constant threats of budgetary cuts has been a key motivating factor for community colleges to embrace academic entrepreneurialism. I examined the academic entrepreneurial pursuits of one California Community College (CCC) to understand those factors that encourage community college faculty to pursue academic entrepreneurial solutions.
The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine factors that encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty. Specifically, I investigated three categories of factors that influence academic entrepreneurialism: individual, institutional, and environmental. Individual factors include demographic and background characteristics, including age, race, gender, academic training, and previous professional careers. Institutional factors include program offerings available for students, institutional reputation and history, institutional policies and practices, and academic and administrative leadership. Environmental factors relate to the peer influences of a campus that encourages academic entrepreneurial behavior of faculty.
The significance of this study lies in the identification of factors that encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty, ultimately supporting institutional efforts to augment funding. I investigated individual, institutional, and environmental factors that encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty. Accordingly, the research questions identify key factors that encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty and explain how they facilitate faculty to engage in academic entrepreneurialism. The research questions that I evaluated in this study are: What individual, institutional, and environmental factors influence community college faculty to engage in academic entrepreneurialism? What is the relationship between faculty background, institutional, and environmental characteristics and the frequency and quality of academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty?
I found that all three factors are essential elements of academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty. Individual, institutional, and environmental factors consist of people who are all pursuing their self-interest. This follows the tenets of rational choice theory as the study finds that self-interest influences faculty academic entrepreneurialism.
The study argues that changes to institutional policies are the key determining factor to encourage academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty. Institutional policies determine how a college functions and understands the interrelationship between individual, institutional, and environmental factors. Encouraging academic entrepreneurialism among community college faculty requires institutional policies that focus on the fundamental issue: recruiting, retaining, and evaluating community college faculty. The study offers suggestions for how to influence institutional policies that in turn encourage faculty academic entrepreneurialism by addressing the following areas: faculty job descriptions, faculty job announcements, evaluating faculty levels of academic entrepreneurialism, and offering entrepreneurial faculty financial incentives
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