4,755 research outputs found
Executive functions in insomnia disorder: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Executive functions (EFs) are involved in the control of basic psychological processes such as attention and memory and also contribute to emotion regulation. Research on the presence of EFs impairments in insomnia yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature on three EFs: inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in adults with insomnia in order to investigate the presence and magnitude of insomnia-related EFs impairments.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched. Risk of bias assessment of included studies was performed by two independent researchers. Findings were summarised using both a narrative approach and meta-analysis. Cohen’s d was calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect size of between groups differences.
Results: Twenty-eight studies comparing adult individuals with a diagnosis of insomnia and healthy controls on neuropsychological measures of EFs were included. Narrative synthesis revealed substantial variability across study findings. Factors that were primarily hypothesised to account for this variability are: objective sleep impairments and test sensitivity. Exploratory meta-analysis showed impaired performance of small to moderate magnitude in individuals with insomnia as compared to controls in reaction times, but not accuracy rates, of inhibitory control (d = −0.32, 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.13) and cognitive flexibility tasks (d = −0.30, 95% CI: −0.59 to −0.01). Performance in working memory tasks was also significantly impacted (d = −0.19, 95% CI: −0.38 to −0.00). Effects sizes were larger when insomnia was associated with objective sleep impairments, rather than normal sleep.
Conclusions: We gathered evidence supporting small to moderate deficits in EFs in individuals with insomnia. Due to the small sample size results should be considered preliminary and interpreted carefully
The impact of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on objective sleep parameters: A meta-analysis and systematic review
No full textIt is well-established that cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) improves self-reported sleep disturbance, however the impact on objective sleep is less clear. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the impact of multi-component CBT-I on objective measures of sleep, indexed via polysomnography (PSG) and actigraphy. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Following appraisal for risk of bias, extracted data were meta-analysed using random-effects models. The quality of the literature was generally high, although reporting of methodological detail varied markedly between studies. Meta-analyses found no evidence that CBT-I reliably improves PSG-defined sleep parameters. Actigraphy evidence was more mixed; with a small effect for reduction in sleep onset latency (Hedge's g = −0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.51 to −0.05], p = 0.018) and a moderate effect for reduction in total sleep time (TST) (Hedge's g = −0.51 [95% CI −0.75 to −0.26], p < 0.001). In contrast, and consistent with recent meta-analyses, CBT-I was associated with robust improvements in diary measures of sleep initiation and maintenance (Hedge's g range = 0.50 to 0.79) but not TST. While the literature is small and still developing, the sleep benefits of CBT-I are more clearly expressed in the subjective versus objective domain
Simon Kuznets and Kharkiv school of economics
No full textThe author attempts to put the facts of the Nobelist’s Simon (Semen) Kuznets (1901-1985) Kharkiv period biography in the general context of our information about the Kharkiv Higher School of Economics at the beginning of XX century. We analyze curriculum of the first two courses in the Kharkiv Institute of Commerce, that Simon Kuznets attended during 1918-1921 and to discuss the distinctive features of its leading professors scientific views. Special attention is paid to the academic experience gained by Simon Kuznets in the field of social and economic statistics and economic methodology.В статье приводится попытка поставить факты харьковского периода биографии известного экономиста Нобелевского лауреата Саймона (Семена) Кузнеца (1901-1985) в контекст сведений о харьковской высшей экономической школы нач. ХХ в. Анализируется учебный план первых двух курсов Коммерческого института, который окончил С. Кузнец, особенности научных взглядов ведущих профессоров и преподавателей, курсы которых имел посещать С. Кузнец. Особое внимание уделяется академическому опыту, полученному С. Кузнецом в области социальной и экономической статистики и экономической методологии.У статті надається спроба поставити факти харківського періоду біографії відомого економіста Нобелівського лауреата Саймона (Семена) Кузнеця (1901-1985) у контекст відомостей щодо харківської вищої економічної школи поч. ХХ ст. Аналізується навчальний план перших двох курсів Комерційного інституту, який закінчив С. Кузнець, особливості наукових поглядів провідних професорів і викладачів, курси яких мав відвідувати С. Кузнець. Особливу увагу звертається на академічний досвід, отриманий С. Кузнецом у галузях соціальної та економічної статистики й економічної методології
CCDC 1910427: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textRelated Article: Otega A. Ejegbavwo, Corey R. Martin, Oyindamola A. Olorunfemi, Gabrielle A. Leith, Richard T. Ly, Allison M. Rice, Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova, Mark D. Smith, Stavros G. Karakalos, Nancy Birkner, Brian A. Powell, Shubham Pandey, Robert J. Koch, Scott T. Misture, Hans-Conrad zur Loye, Simon R. Phillpot, Kyle S. Brinkman, Natalia B. Shustova|2019|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|141|11628|doi:10.1021/jacs.9b0473
CCDC 1910428: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textRelated Article: Otega A. Ejegbavwo, Corey R. Martin, Oyindamola A. Olorunfemi, Gabrielle A. Leith, Richard T. Ly, Allison M. Rice, Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova, Mark D. Smith, Stavros G. Karakalos, Nancy Birkner, Brian A. Powell, Shubham Pandey, Robert J. Koch, Scott T. Misture, Hans-Conrad zur Loye, Simon R. Phillpot, Kyle S. Brinkman, Natalia B. Shustova|2019|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|141|11628|doi:10.1021/jacs.9b0473
CCDC 1910426: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textRelated Article: Otega A. Ejegbavwo, Corey R. Martin, Oyindamola A. Olorunfemi, Gabrielle A. Leith, Richard T. Ly, Allison M. Rice, Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova, Mark D. Smith, Stavros G. Karakalos, Nancy Birkner, Brian A. Powell, Shubham Pandey, Robert J. Koch, Scott T. Misture, Hans-Conrad zur Loye, Simon R. Phillpot, Kyle S. Brinkman, Natalia B. Shustova|2019|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|141|11628|doi:10.1021/jacs.9b0473
CCDC 1910430: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textRelated Article: Otega A. Ejegbavwo, Corey R. Martin, Oyindamola A. Olorunfemi, Gabrielle A. Leith, Richard T. Ly, Allison M. Rice, Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova, Mark D. Smith, Stavros G. Karakalos, Nancy Birkner, Brian A. Powell, Shubham Pandey, Robert J. Koch, Scott T. Misture, Hans-Conrad zur Loye, Simon R. Phillpot, Kyle S. Brinkman, Natalia B. Shustova|2019|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|141|11628|doi:10.1021/jacs.9b0473
CCDC 1910422: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textRelated Article: Otega A. Ejegbavwo, Corey R. Martin, Oyindamola A. Olorunfemi, Gabrielle A. Leith, Richard T. Ly, Allison M. Rice, Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova, Mark D. Smith, Stavros G. Karakalos, Nancy Birkner, Brian A. Powell, Shubham Pandey, Robert J. Koch, Scott T. Misture, Hans-Conrad zur Loye, Simon R. Phillpot, Kyle S. Brinkman, Natalia B. Shustova|2019|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|141|11628|doi:10.1021/jacs.9b0473
CCDC 1910431: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textRelated Article: Otega A. Ejegbavwo, Corey R. Martin, Oyindamola A. Olorunfemi, Gabrielle A. Leith, Richard T. Ly, Allison M. Rice, Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova, Mark D. Smith, Stavros G. Karakalos, Nancy Birkner, Brian A. Powell, Shubham Pandey, Robert J. Koch, Scott T. Misture, Hans-Conrad zur Loye, Simon R. Phillpot, Kyle S. Brinkman, Natalia B. Shustova|2019|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|141|11628|doi:10.1021/jacs.9b0473
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