26 research outputs found
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
Wireless sensor network system for remote monitoring application.
No full textNatural disasters are extreme events within the earth’s system that result in death or injury to humans, and/or damage to infrastructures. To reduce the effects of damage, humans rely on useful data to warn on impending disaster and management of disaster after/when it occurs. Collection of data comes from many scientific disciplines and should be integrated. Therefore, the author has developed a system that contributes towards providing data to the collective effort of disaster management.
In this project, the author had created a prototype of flood monitoring on remote places using wireless sensor. The objective is to collect data such as water flow, temperature and water level when flood occurs on a remote area. These data provides valuable information on emergency relief efforts and to give timely and accurate information of conditions on the ground.
The wireless sensor that the author has developed consists of a transmitter node. The author have also created a Graphical User Interface that can be easily executed to any laptop and is transferable simply by copying and pasting – without the need to use any special software such as Mat Lab.Bachelor of Engineerin
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
A building of might and faith : Rafiq Hariri and the Muhammad al-Amin mosque : on the political dimensions of religious architecture in contemporary Beirut
No full textSet up in three main parts, this dissertation explores the emergence of Rafiq Hariri as a political actor (I), the historic origins of the Muhammad al-Amin Mosque project (II) and the association of the former Lebanese prime minister with Lebanon’s main Sunni place of worship (III). Besides being a powerful testimony to the impressive reconstruction effort in Lebanon in general and in Beirut in particular, this monumental mosque also represents a symbol of political and religious identification. The aim of this research is double: to track down the gradual involvement of the former head of government in sponsoring a 150 year old project, and to enquire about the ways the construction of a mosque can strengthen the legitimacy of a political actor within a multi-confessional societal context.
Based on field research (2004 – 2009) and a systematic analysis of written, visual and oral sources, the objective is to explain how the appearance of this sanctuary of Lebanese Sunni officialdom participates in a wider dynamic that apprehends religious architecture in Beirut (at least partly) as a set of semi-public and semi-sacred spaces where the intricacies and links between politics, religion and urban sociology materialize in tangible and observable way.
In fact, both the coming about of this prestigious mosque and the transformations of the adjacent Maronite cathedral illustrate the political subtleties of religious architecture as well as the ambiguities of intermingling communities. Moreover, the Muhammad al-Amin Mosque and the commemorative tomb of Rafiq Hariri installed immediately next to it offer an interesting field of observation that reveals developments, struggles and practices which document just how a reputation and a political legacy are being constructed, negotiated, mobilized, oriented and reoriented, according to the needs and wishes of the elites.
Through a substantial biographical essay on Rafiq Hariri (chapters 1-3), juxtaposed to a recollection of the various construction phases of the Muhammad al-Amin Mosque (ch. 4), a detailed description (ch. 5) and a critical analysis of the latter by local experts (ch. 6), this research presents itself as a study that encompasses several disciplines and adopts, as a consequence, a methodological pluralism. Although the author concentrates the bulk of his attention on the complexities and interests at stake in contemporary Lebanon (ch. 7-8), in a final chapter he also examines a selection of major religious architectural projects, in order to provide for a wider contextualisation, both in time and space. The conclusion is that, no matter the place or the time and notwithstanding occasional exploitations of it, (religious) architecture turns out to be a fertile prism which, rather than a competition among communities reflects their diversity and exemplifies their interaction.Conçue en trois parties, cette thèse explore à la fois l’émergence de Rafiq Hariri comme acteur politique (I), la genèse historique du projet de la mosquée Muhammad al-Amin (II) ainsi que l’association de l’ancien premier ministre libanais au principal lieu de culte sunnite du Liban (III). Outre un puissant témoignage de l’impressionnant effort de reconstruction du Liban en général et de la ville de Beyrouth en particulier, cette mosquée monumentale représente également un symbole d'identification politico-religieuse. L’objectif de cet exercice est double et consiste non seulement à retracer l’implication graduelle de l’ancien chef de gouvernement dans la promotion d’un projet vieux de près d’un siècle et demi mais aussi à s’interroger sur la façon dont la construction d’une mosquée peut contribuer à renforcer la légitimité d’un acteur politique dans un contexte sociétal multiconfessionnel.
Sur base d'une étude de terrain menée entre 2004 et 2009 et en dépouillant un corpus documentaire composé de sources écrites, visuelles et parlées il s’agit d’expliquer comment l’apparition de ce haut lieu du sunnisme officiel libanais s’inscrit dans une dynamique plus large qui permet d’analyser l’architecture religieuse à Beyrouth (du moins en partie) comme des espaces tantôt publics tantôt sacrés où les liens entre le politique, le religieux et la sociologie urbaine se matérialisent de manière concrète et observable.
En effet, la réalisation de cette prestigieuse mosquée ainsi que les transformations de la cathédrale maronite adjacente permettent d’illustrer aussi bien les subtilités politiques de l’architecture religieuse que les ambigüités du brassage communautaire. Par ailleurs, la mosquée Muhammad al-Amin et la tombe commémorative de Rafiq Hariri qui lui est accolée constituent un formidable champ d’observation révélant un certain nombre d’évolutions, de luttes et de pratiques qui montrent comment une réputation et un héritage politique se construisent, se négocient, se mobilisent, s’orientent et se réorientent en fonction des contraintes et des besoins des élites.
A travers un substantiel essai biographique sur Rafiq Hariri (chapitres 1-3) juxtaposé à une recomposition des différentes phases de construction de la mosquée Muhammad al-Amin (ch. 4), d’une description détaillée (ch. 5) ainsi qu’une analyse critique de celle-ci par des experts locaux (ch. 6), cette recherche se présente comme une étude à cheval sur plusieurs disciplines qui adopte, par conséquent, un pluralisme méthodologique. Si l’auteur porte son attention principalement aux complexités et aux enjeux propres aux réalités libanaises contemporaines (ch. 7-8), dans un dernier chapitre (ch.9) il s’applique également à étudier une sélection de grands projets d’architecture religieuse plus ou moins éloignés dans le temps et/ou dans l’espace, afin de permettre une mise en contexte à plus grande échelle. Il en résulte le constat que, peu importe le lieu et l’époque et malgré l’instrumentalisation qui en est parfois faite, l’architecture s’avère être un prisme d’analyse fécond qui, bien plus qu’une simple compétition entre communautés reflète leur diversité et la manifestation de leur interaction.(POL 3) -- UCL, 201
Hadiths Classification Using a Novel Author-Based Hadith Classification Dataset (ABCD)
No full textReligious studies are a rich land for Natural Language Processing (NLP). The reason is that all religions have their instructions as written texts. In this paper, we apply NLP to Islamic Hadiths, which are the written traditions, sayings, actions, approvals, and discussions of the Prophet Muhammad, his companions, or his followers. A Hadith is composed of two parts: the chain of narrators (Sanad) and the content of the Hadith (Matn). A Hadith is transmitted from its author to a Hadith book author using a chain of narrators. The problem we solve focuses on the classification of Hadiths based on their origin of narration. This is important for several reasons. First, it helps determine the authenticity and reliability of the Hadiths. Second, it helps trace the chain of narration and identify the narrators involved in transmitting Hadiths. Finally, it helps understand the historical and cultural contexts in which Hadiths were transmitted, and the different levels of authority attributed to the narrators. To the best of our knowledge, and based on our literature review, this problem is not solved before using machine/deep learning approaches. To solve this classification problem, we created a novel Author-Based Hadith Classification Dataset (ABCD) collected from classical Hadiths’ books. The ABCD size is 29 K Hadiths and it contains unique 18 K narrators, with all their information. We applied machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) approaches. ML was applied on Sanad and Matn separately; then, we did the same with DL. The results revealed that ML performs better than DL using the Matn input data, with a 77% F1-score. DL performed better than ML using the Sanad input data, with a 92% F1-score. We used precision and recall alongside the F1-score; details of the results are explained at the end of the paper. We claim that the ABCD and the reported results will motivate the community to work in this new area. Our dataset and results will represent a baseline for further research on the same problem
ANALISIS RANTAI PASOK DAN NILAI TAMBAH PADA USAHA TANI TOMAT DI DESA SUNTENJAYA LEMBANG (STUDI KASUS: DESA SUNTENJAYA LEMBANG)
No full textUntuk memenuhi kebutuhan tomat sehari-hari, baik kuantitas maupun kualitasnya harus terjamin. Namun, aturan permintaanmenyatakan bahwa jika tomat yang tersedia lebih banyak daripada permintaan, harganya juga akan relatif lebihrendah. Meskipun produksi tomat lebih banyak dari kebutuhan, harus diakui bahwa tomat merupakan tanamanpertanian musiman dan mudah rusak. Hal ini mungkin menyulitkan tomat untuk tersedia pada periode tertentu, apalagioperasi pertanian yang sangat bergantung pada cuaca dan keadaan alam yang tidak dapat diprediksi. Untuk memenuhipermintaan ini dan menghindari melampaui tingkat output yang diizinkan, yang akan mengakibatkan jatuhnya hargatomat di pasar, sangat penting untuk membuat model untuk mengelola kapasitas produksi. Limbah pertanian, di sisilain, ialah salah satu masalah yang akan berkembang jika ada pengelolaan yang tidak tepat dan buruk. Pengomposansampah organik dan daur ulang sampah anorganik ialah dua cara yang efisien dan efektif untuk membuang sampah.Dengan membusukkan dan mendegradasi bahan organik di udara yang panas dan lembab, sampah organik kini dapatdiubah menjadi kompos berkat terobosan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Dalam studi kasus ini, pendekatan hayamidan uji kelayakan finansial akan digunakan untuk menentukan apakah nilai tambah bermanfaat untuk menjalankanusaha pertanian tomat
Pengembangan Model Diagnosis Untuk Deteksi Kegagalan Mesin Menggunakan Algoritma Random Forest Dalam Klasifikasi Pembelajaran Mesin Berdasarkan Uji Non-Destructive Vibrasi
No full textBearing memiliki peran penting dalam industri karena memberikan dukungan mesin yang efektif dan tanpa suara. Bearing mengurangi gesekan di berbagai industri dan peralatan, seperti gearbox, rotating shaft, dan dryer sehingga memudahkan gerakan. Pengujian getaran non-destructive digunakan untuk melakukan predictive maintenance berdasarkan data vibrasi untuk mengetahui jenis kegagalan. Model Random Forest, jenis pembelajaran mesin, semakin populer karena lebih akurat dalam menemukan kegagalan pada sistem bearing karena cocok untuk kasus multiklasifikasi dengan dataset yang banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi model ini dengan data melalui simulasi dan eksperimental, serta untuk membentuk sistem yang dapat diandalkan untuk mendeteksi kegagalan pada sistem bearing. Pada penelitian ini, penulis membangun model diagnosis kegagalan menggunakan algoritma Random Forest dengan tambahan metode Recursive Feature Elimination – Cross Validation pada feature selection dan K-Folds Cross Validations untuk memvalidasi hasil model yang dibangun serta mengurangi bias dan mencegah adanya overfitting. Proses utama menggunakan data eksperimental secara langsung pada test rig melalui vibration meter tools Wilcoxon MAC800 type dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 100 kali untuk setiap variasi kegagalan yaitu imbalancing, healthy, misalignment, dan outer ring pada objek bearing merk Timken seri X30304. Selanjutnya, algoritma yang telah dibangun akan diuji dengan subset data k=10 sebagai proses cross validation. Dari penelitian ini, model mampu mendeteksi jenis kegagalan dengan nilai akurasi diatas 95%. Dimana skor precision, recall, dan F1-score menunjukkan nilai rata-rata di 98.6%,98.5%, dan 98.4%, lebih besar dari penelitian terdahulu di 94.07%.
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Bearings are essential components in the industrial sector as they offer efficient and noiseless support for machines. Bearings mitigate friction in several sectors and equipment, including gearboxes, rotating shafts, and dryers, thereby facilitating motion. Vibration testing that does not cause damage is employed for predictive maintenance by analyzing vibration data to identify different sorts of failures. The Random Forest model, a machine learning algorithm, is gaining popularity due to its high accuracy in detecting problems in bearing systems. This is attributed to its effectiveness in handling multiclassification scenarios with big datasets. The objective of this study is to test the proposed model by using simulation and experimental approaches with data. The purpose is to build a dependable system for detecting faults in bearing systems. The author of this study constructs a failure diagnosis model by employing the Random Forest algorithm. Additionally, the Recursive Feature Elimination – Cross Validation technique is utilized for feature selection, and K-Folds Cross Validation is employed to validate the model outcomes, minimize bias, and prevent overfitting. The primary procedure utilizes empirical data obtained from a test rig using Wilcoxon MAC800 type vibration meter equipment. The approach involves collecting 100 samples for each failure variant, namely imbalance, healthy condition, misalignment, and outer ring failure, specifically on Timken brand bearings series X30304. Afterwards, the constructed method will undergo testing using subsets of data with k=10, as part of a cross-validation. From this research, the model is capable of detecting failure types with an accuracy rate above 95%. The precision, recall, and F1-score metrics show average values of 98.6%, 98.5%, and 98.4%, respectively, which are higher than the previous research at 94.07%
Traders Perception and Behavior in Weighing (in Terms of Q.S. Al-Muthaffifin)
No full textThis article examines traders perceptions and behaviors when it comes to weighing merchandise. The importance of this research stems from the fact that many traders still cheat their scales today. Cheating on the scales appears to be a common practice in trading because it is the result of classical economic thinking, namely taking as much profit as possible. At this level, the author examines the perceptions and behavior of traders in the Pusat pasar Medan when it comes to weighing their goods. The author uses surah al-Muthaffifin as a reference to describe the perceptions and behavior of traders according to Islamic standards in order to determine the main idea. Surah al-Muthaffifin was chosen as a reference because there are values in Islamic trading that are related to ethics and social values. This research employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological approach. In this article, data collection techniques such as interviews and observations are used to generate raw data, which is then processed using data analysis techniques to ensure validity. The perceptions and behaviors formed in Surah al-Muthaffifin regarding weighing merchandise are actually quite well understood, however, perceptions are not fixed, so there are a variety of factors that can damage these perceptions. In reality, Pusat Pasar traders understand and adhere to trading ethics, though there are some traders who disregard the ethics, particularly when weighing
Traders Perception and Behavior in Weighing (in Terms of Q.S. Al-Muthaffifin)
No full textThis article examines traders perceptions and behaviors when it comes to weighing merchandise. The importance of this research stems from the fact that many traders still cheat their scales today. Cheating on the scales appears to be a common practice in trading because it is the result of classical economic thinking, namely taking as much profit as possible. At this level, the author examines the perceptions and behavior of traders in the Pusat pasar Medan when it comes to weighing their goods. The author uses surah al-Muthaffifin as a reference to describe the perceptions and behavior of traders according to Islamic standards in order to determine the main idea. Surah al-Muthaffifin was chosen as a reference because there are values in Islamic trading that are related to ethics and social values. This research employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological approach. In this article, data collection techniques such as interviews and observations are used to generate raw data, which is then processed using data analysis techniques to ensure validity. The perceptions and behaviors formed in Surah al-Muthaffifin regarding weighing merchandise are actually quite well understood, however, perceptions are not fixed, so there are a variety of factors that can damage these perceptions. In reality, Pusat Pasar traders understand and adhere to trading ethics, though there are some traders who disregard the ethics, particularly when weighing
“To Own, or not to Own?” A multilevel analysis of intellectual property right policies' on academic entrepreneurship
No full textThe political environment around universities has led them to create an infrastructure to manage academic inventions. While some consider that the advantages of a university entrepreneurial structure outweigh any potential negative effects, others question their detrimental effect on academic scientists’ entrepreneurial behavior. However, this debate remains unresolved as none of these two views have been fully empirically supported. Using multilevel models for a population of 2230 professors in 27 universities in Canada (82 individuals per unit on average), we test the effect of three features of institutional intellectual property right policy characteristics, namely, property rights (ownership regime), control rights (obligation to disclose and option to commercialize), and income-sharing schemes (when commercialization involves the university or an individual inventor) on two commercial behaviors of faculty members, namely, formal commercialization (patent and spinoff creation), and informal commercialization (consulting and commercial agreement). Our results suggest that contrary to most of the literature, academic inventors’ behavior is influenced not by the invention ownership regime but by the control rights in place and the sharing of income between the university and the academic inventors. The findings have some implications for the importance of an ownership regime and the ineffectiveness of institutional policies which create contradictory motivations for academic entrepreneurs. It suggests some directions for future research using multilevel models.The author acknowledges financial assistance and support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.Peer Reviewe
