675 research outputs found
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INITIAL PROBING DEPTH AND CHANGES IN THE CLINICAL PARAMETERS FOLLOWING NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL TREATMENT IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between initial probing depth (IPD) and changes in clinical parameters following non-surgical periodontal treatment (NPT) in chronic periodontitis patients. Subjects and Methods: A total of 1672 periodontal pockets having 3mm <= IPD <= 9mm of depth in 15 chronic periodontitis patients were included. NPT consisting of oral hygiene instructions, scaling and root planing was applied in two sessions. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, gingival recessions (GR) were measured before and eight weeks after treatment. Pocket sites were grouped according to their IPD and root number as single-or multi-rooted teeth. Results: Other than the sites having 3 mm IPD, PD reduction and GR increase were significant in all groups (p<0.001). Attachment gains (AG) were significant in all single-rooted teeth (p<0.001) again except those having IPD=3mm. However, AG was significant in multi-rooted teeth having only 7mm <= IPD <= 9mm (p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between IPD and PD reduction, GR increase and AG in single-rooted teeth (p<0.001). Furthermore, positive correlations were found between IPD and PD reduction and GR increase in multi-rooted teeth (p<0.001), but there was no correlation between IPD and AG. Conclusion: NPT may lead to positive association between IPD and PD reduction as well as GR increase, which is independent from tooth root anatomy
Relationship between initial probing depth and residual pockets following mechanical periodontal treatment
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between initial probing depth (IPD) and the ratio of residual periodontal pocket in chronic periodontitis patients following mechanical periodontal therapy (MPT). Methods: A total of 1102 periodontal pockets with IPD 4-9 mm (both included) in 11 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients were included and grouped according to their IPDs and number of roots (single-/mult-irooted). MPT consisting of oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing was applied in 2 sessions with one-week interval. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment levels and bleeding on probing (BoP) were measured before and 8 weeks after MPT. Following MPT, periodontal pockets demonstrating PD >= 5 mm and BoP (+) were defined as residual periodontal pockets. Results: Our results showed that 10.89% of the sites from single-rooted teeth and 26.59% of the sites from multi-rooted teeth were remained as residual periodontal pockets. Further, positive correlations were found between IPD and residual periodontal pocket ratio for both single-and multi-rooted teeth (p<0.001). Conclusion: Within limitations of this study, our results suggest that applied treatment had improved the periodontal parameters and the periodontal pockets of multi-rooted teeth in CP patients remained as residual pockets in a high percentage and the deeper IPD the higher probability of residual pockets
Evaluating theory-of-mind in large language models through opponent modeling
No full textTheory-of-Mind (ToM), the ability to infer the mental states, goals, and preferences of others - is a core component of human social intelligence. In this work, we investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit ToM capabilities in the context of strategic interaction. We frame opponent modeling in negotiation as a grounded and interpretable ToM task, where a model must infer an agent's preferences by observing offer exchanges during the negotiation. We guide LLMs to interpret offer histories and infer latent utility representations, including issue and value weights. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art LLMs across multiple negotiation domains. Our results show that LLMs can successfully recover opponents unknown preferences and in some cases even outperform classical opponent modeling base-lines, even without task-specific training. These findings offer new evidence of LLMs' emerging capacity for social reasoning and position opponent modeling as a practical benchmark for evaluating Theory-of-Mind in foundation models.Publisher versio
Efficacy of adjunctive photodynamic therapy in the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
No full textObjectives Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) is a distinct type of periodontal disease characterized by rapid loss of attachment and alveolar bone occurring in young individuals. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was introduced in periodontology as an adjunctive approach to non-surgical periodontal treatment (NPT) in periodontitis patients. In this trial, the aim was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of adjunctive PDT to NPT in patients with GAgP. Methods In this prospective controlled clinical study, 24 systemically healthy, non-smoking subjects with GAgP were enrolled. Subjects were randomly assigned into a control group (n = 12) treated with NPT only or to a test group (n = 12) treated with NPT and PDT. Plaque index, sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), relative attachment level, gingival recession, and tooth mobility were recorded at baseline and on day 63. Microbiological samples were obtained from the sites with PD >= 5 mm at both time periods and evaluated for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola via micro-IDent (R) test. Results Clinical and microbial parameters declined significantly in both groups after the treatments (P < 0.01). The comparisons between the groups showed that only the full mouth SBI score of the test group was significantly lower than the control group on day 63 (P < 0.05). Although the reduction in periodontopathogens of the test group was greater than the control group, there was no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that in the treatment of GAgP, usage of PDT as an adjunct to NPT does not lead to any beneficial effects on the investigated clinical and microbiological parameters except for SBI. Nevertheless, the statistically significant difference for the SBI score demonstrates that PDT may have additional effect on the reduction in gingival bleeding. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:167-175, 2019. (c) 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Yoksullaştıran Büyüme Teorisinin Kuru Kayısı İhracatına Uygulanması: Türkiye Örneği
No full textİhracat miktarlarındaki artışlar bazen dış ticaret hadlerinin bozulmasına neden olabilir. Dış\rticaret hadlerindeki bu bozulma, daha sonra ihracat gelirlerinde düşüş ve refah kaybına yol\raçabilir. Bu durum literatürde “Yoksullaştıran Büyüme” olarak adlandırılan kuramın\rtemelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin üretim ve ihracatında\rDünya’da birinci sırada olduğu kuru kayısı ticaretinin, yoksullaştıran büyümeye neden olup\rolmadığını araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla son 50 yıllık kuru kayısı ihracatı ile kuru kayısı ihracat\rgelirleri yoksullaştıran büyüme hipotezi kapsamında incelenmiştir. Yöntem olarak, ARDL\rsınır testi ve Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. ARDL sınır testi modeline\rgöre kuru kayısı ihracatı ile kuru kayısı ihracat geliri arasında bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisi\rbulunmuştur. Ayrıca bu sonucun uzun dönemli parametreleri de istatistiki açıdan\ranlamlıdır. Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testine göre ise kuru kayısı ihracatından, kuru\rkayısı ihracat gelirine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi görülmüştür. Elde edilen\rbulgulara göre, 1970 ile 2019 yılları arası dönemde, Türkiye’nin kuru kayısı ihracatı için\ryoksullaştıran büyüme teorisi ile uyumlu sonuçlar görülmemiştir
Kronik Periodontitisli Hastaların Rezidüel Ceplerinde Mekanik Tedaviye Ek Olarak Kullanılan Diode Lazerin Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
No full text1. ÖZET Kronik Periodontitisli Hastaların Rezidüel Ceplerinde Mekanik Tedaviye Ek Olarak Kullanılan Diode Lazerin Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi Doktora Öğrencisi: Süleyman Emre MEŞELİ Danışman: Prof. Dr. Leyla KURU Periodontoloji Amaç: Randomize, kontrollü ve paralel dizayna sahip bu çalışmanın amacı, kronik periodontitisli (K.P.) hastalarda başlangıç periodontal tedavi (B.P.T.) sonrası saptanan rezidüel cep bölgelerinde mekanik tedaviye ek olarak kullanılan diode lazerin klinik parametreler ve dişeti oluğu sıvısı (D.O.S.) hacmi üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 11 K.P. hastasının tek köklü dişlerinde B.P.T. sonrası saptanan 84 adet rezidüel cep bölgesi dahil edildi. Bu cep bölgeleri her grupta 28 adet olacak şekilde sadece mekanik tedavinin uygulandığı (Grup M), sadece lazerle cep içi dezenfeksiyonun yapıldığı (Grup L) ve mekanik tedaviye ek olarak lazerle cep içi dezenfeksiyonun uygulandığı (Grup M+L) gruplara ayrıldı. Başlangıçta ve tedaviden 8 hafta sonra rezidüel cep bölgelerine ait plak indeks, gingival indeks (G.İ.), sondalamada kanama (S.K.), sondalama derinliği, klinik ataşman seviyesi ve dişeti kenarı konum değişikliği parametreleri ölçüldü. D.O.S. örnekleri, başlangıçta, tedavi sonrası 1. ve 8. haftada toplandı. Bulgular: Tedavi sonrası 8. haftada G.İ. ve S.K. (%) ortalamaları hem Grup M’de hem de Grup M+L’de Grup L’ye kıyasla daha düşüktü (p<0,001). Ancak Grup M ile Grup M+L arasında herhangi bir fark saptanmadı (p>0,05). Diğer klinik parametrelerde hiçbir ölçüm döneminde gruplar arası fark yoktu (p>0,05). D.O.S. hacimleri sadece Grup M ve Grup M+L’de anlamlı olarak azaldı ancak D.O.S. hacim ortalamaları, hiçbir ölçüm döneminde gruplar arası fark göstermedi (p>0,05). Sonuçlar: Bulgular, K.P.’li hastalarda B.P.T. sonrası saptanan rezidüel ceplerin tedavisinde mekanik tedaviye ek olarak kullanılan diode lazerin klinik parametreler üzerine ilave bir katkısının olmadığını ve mekanik tedavi olmaksızın uygulanan lazer dezenfeksiyonun etkisinin ise sınırlı kaldığını göstermektedir. Anahtar sözcükler: diş yüzeyi temizliği, kök yüzeyi düzleştirmesi, kronik periodontitis, lazer, periodontal cep 2.Evaluation The Efficacy of Diode Laser As Adjunct to Mechanical Periodontal Treatment on The Residual Periodontal Pockets in Chronic Periodontitis Patients PhD Student: Süleyman Emre MEŞELİ Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Leyla KURU Department: Periodontology Aim: The aim of this randomized controlled parallel-designed study was to evaluate the efficacy of diode laser as adjunct to mechanical periodontal treatment on the clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (G.C.F.) volume of the residual periodontal pockets diagnosed following initial periodontal treatment in chronic periodontitis (C.P.) patients. Material-Method: A total of 84 residual pockets on single-rooted teeth in 11 C.P. patients were included and grouped according to a randomization table into 3 groups. The residual pockets were treated either only by mechanical treatment (Group M) (N=28), only by diode laser disinfection (Group L) (N=28) or by combination of this two techniques (Group M+L) (N=28). Plaque index, gingival index (G.I.), bleeding on probing (B.O.P.), probing depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after treatment of residual pockets. G.C.F. samples were collected at baseline, 1 and 8 weeks after treatment. Results: G.I. and B.O.P. showed greater reduction in both Group M and Group M+L than Group L (p<0,001), but there was no difference between the Groups M and M+L (p>0,05). No difference was found among groups for the other clinical parameters. G.C.F. volume decreased significantly in the Groups M and M+L (p<0,05) but there was no difference among the groups (p>0,05). Conclusion: The results suggest that, application of diode laser as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal treatment doesn’t demonstrate any additional clinical effect on the residual pockets in C.P. patients. Furthermore, diode laser application alone has limited effect on residual pockets. Key words: chronic periodontitis, dental scaling, lasers, periodontal pocket, root planin
Treatment of lateral periodontal cyst with guided tissue regeneration
No full textABSTRACT Lateral periodontal cyst (LPC), originated from epithelial rests in the periodontal ligament, is a noninflammatory cyst on the lateral surface of the root of a vital tooth. LPC is generally asymptomatic and presents a round or oval uniform lucency with well-defined borders radiographically. In this case report, clinical, histological and radiographical findings and periodontal treatment of 32-year-old female patient, who was referred to Department of Periodontology Clinic of Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University with a painless hyperplastic lesion on the distobuccal site of the tooth number 12, were presented. The tooth number 12 was vital and a well-defined round radiolucent area with corticated borders was determined radiographically. Preliminary diagnosis was LPC based on clinical and radiographical findings. Mechanical periodontal treatment consisted of oral hygiene instructions, scaling and root planing was applied and flap operation was performed to gain access to the lesion. Following enucleation of the lesion, alveolar bone destruction shaped as a tunnel from labial to palatinal site was observed. The bone cavity was grafted with bovine-derived xenograft, followed by placement of a resorbable collagen membrane. Tissues removed from of the lesion were examined histologically. Hematoxylen-eosin stained sections showed vasculature granulomatous structure underlying squamous epithelium, and destructed bone spaces, all of which were consisted with LPC. Acceptable clinical healing was achieved at 6 months follow-up period. Satisfactory clinical and radiographical outcome can be achieved in the treatment of LPC using regenerative periodontal approach
Evaluation of Patient's Perceptions, Healing, and Reattachment After Conventional and Diode Laser Frenectomy: A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textObjective:The aim of this study is to compare the conventional and diode laser techniques in terms of patient's perceptions, epithelization, reattachment, and periodontal clinical parameters in the treatment of abnormal papillary frenum. Materials and methods:Forty-eight patients with abnormal papillary frenum were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups; conventional frenectomy operation (C group), diode laser-assisted frenectomy (L group), and diode laser-assisted frenectomy with conventional horizontal incision on the periosteum (L + P group). Post-operative pain, discomfort in speaking, and chewing scores were assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS) at post-operative 3rd hour and on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 45. Epithelialization process of the wound surface was evaluated by hydrogen peroxide solution applied to the wound on days 7, 14, 21, and 45 following operations. The distance between the frenum attachment point and mucogingival junction (FMGJ) was recorded at baseline, post-operative 45th day, and 6th month to assess the reattachment of the frenum. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, and probing depth were recorded at baseline and post-operative 7th, 14th, 21(st), and 45th days. Results:On the 1st and 7th day after operation, VAS pain score in the C group was significantly higher than in the L and L + P groups (p < 0.017). Difficulty in speaking and chewing scores were significantly lower in the L and L + P groups compared to the C group at post-operative 3rd hour and 7th day (p < 0.017). The FMGJ and epithelization period demonstrated no difference among the groups at any time point (p > 0.05). Conclusions:Our results suggest that diode laser provides better post-operative patient's perceptions than the conventional technique in frenectomy operation. In addition, both conventional and laser-assisted frenectomy surgeries prevent the frenum reattachment regardless of periosteal horizontal incision
Clinical Efficacy of Conventional and Diode Laser-Assisted Frenectomy in Patients with Different Abnormal Frenulum Insertions: A Retrospective Study
No full textObjective:This retrospective study aimed to assess the recurrence of frenulum attachment and clinical parameters following conventional and diode laser-assisted frenectomy in patients with abnormal frenulum insertions. Material and methods:The records of 429 patients who underwent maxillary labial frenectomy between 2016 and 2018 were screened. A total of 70 records were included and evaluated based on gender, age, frenulum type, presence of diastema, periodontal disease, and surgical technique. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks postoperatively. Recurrence was determined by assessing the alteration in the distance from the frenulum attachment to the mucogingival junction (FMGJ) at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 months. Results:Out of 70 patients (female/male 47/23; age 35.24 +/- 11.69 years), 32.9% presented gingival, 38.6% papillary, and 28.6% papilla-penetrating frenulum attachments. Clinical parameters and mean FMGJ values between the conventional (n = 36) and diode laser (n = 34) groups demonstrated no differences at baseline (p > 0.05). PI and GI were significantly higher in the conventional group (p < 0.001), whereas PD was similar (p > 0.05) at 6 weeks. No recurrence was observed in any of the patients at the sixth week. Moreover, 31 participants in the conventional group and 33 participants in the diode-laser group, a total of 64 patients (91.43%), did not present recurrence after 12 months. Conclusions:Within the limits of the study, considering the absence of recurrence in all types of abnormal frenulum insertions in both treatment groups, it was concluded that the diode laser could be used effectively as an alternative to the conventional frenectomy technique
Türkiye ekonomisinde döviz kuru dalgalanmalarının boyutları, etkileri ve sonuçları
No full textDöviz Kuru ile ilgili literatür incelendiğinde bütün ülkeler için uygun olan tek bir döviz kuru sisteminin olmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Bir ülkede uygulanan döviz kuru sisteminin, ülkenin ekonomik ve siyasal yapısı ile uluslararası ticaretteki gelişmelere göre farklılık içerdiği görülmüştür. 1970’li yıllarda uluslararası parasal sistemde oluşan farklılıklardan sonra birçok ülke sabit kur sisteminden daha esnek bir sisteme yönelmişler ve bu anlamda Türkiye’de bir istisna oluşturmamıştır. Döviz kuru sistemleri bir ucunda sabit döviz kuru sistemi, diğer ucunda esnek döviz kuru sistemi olmak üzere bir yelpaze niteliğindedir. Ülkeler, politikaları gereği istikrarlı bir döviz kuru sistemi tercih etmek zorundadırlar. Her iki döviz kuru sisteminin de avantajlarının yanında dezavantajları da bulunması sebebiyle, günümüzde pek çok ekonomist hangi döviz kurunun ülke için daha faydalı olduğu konusunda görüş ayrılığı yaşamaktadırlar. Türkiye, uzun yıllar boyunca sabit döviz kuru sistemi uygulamasına rağmen Şubat 2001 krizinden sonra dalgalı kur sistemine geçmiş ve bu sistemi günümüze kadar sürdürmüştür. Günümüzde gelişmiş ülkelerin nihai hedef ve planları dünya çapında döviz kurlarını etkileyen en önemli faktördür. 2008 yılındaki krizden sonra özellikle uluslararası sermaye akımlarının döviz kurları üzerindeki etkisi daha da önemsenmiştir. Ülkeler döviz kuru politikalarını uluslararası platformda belirlemek zorundadır. Döviz kuru dalgalanmaları nedensellik ilişkisi içerisinde birçok ekonomik değişkenlere olumlu yada olumsuz etki etmektedir. Bu etkileşimi olumlu yöne çeken; ülkelerin yapıları,ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyleri,uluslar arası finansal durum, ülkede uygulanan politikalar ve aynı zamanda dış denge durumu en belirleci faktörler arasında gösterilebilirThe investigation of the literature on the exchange rate, it is unlikely that there is a single exchange rate system that would be suited to all countries as a whole. It is seen that the exchange rate system prevailing in a country is depend on the respective economic and political structure together with the developments in the international trade. Upon the formation of the differences in the international monetary system in 1970s, numerous countries, including Turkey, adopted more flexible system leaving old fixed exchange rate system behind. The exchange rate systems vary in the range between the fixed exchange rate system on one side and variable exchange rate system on the other. The countries need to establish a stable exchange rate system that will suit to their economic policies. Both exchange rate systems have their advantages in addition to disadvantages and therefore, there is no consensus among the economists on the type of the exchange rate system that would be suitable for the country in question. It’s been long time since Turkey has employed the fixed exchange rate system; however, fluctuating exchange rate system has been adopted, which has been pursued until the present time. The ultimate objectives and plans of the developed countries have considerable influences on the overall exchange rates in the world as a whole. Following 2008 economic crisis, the international capital flows have had exclusive influences on the exchange rates. The countries are obliged to establish their exchange rate policies on the international platform. The fluctuation of the exchange rates are under the affirmative and negative influences in the course of causal relation, These influences might be affirmative in the presence of such factors including robust economic structure, level of development, international financial status, integrity of the policies implemented, as well as foreign trade balance
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