1,502 research outputs found
Tragödie im nördlichen Harzvorland?Anthropologische Bearbeitung und Interpretationdes eisenzeitlichen Massengrabes von Wester-hausen, Ldkr. Quedlinburg
No full textBei den bauvorbereitenden Ausgrabungen an der Trasse für die neue Bundesstraße B6n konnte 2oo3 nahe der Ortschaft Westerhausen, Ldkr. Quedlinburg, ein Aufsehen erregender Befund freigelegt werden: In einer annähernd runden Grube lagen die gut erhaltenen Skelette mehrerer Menschen in zum Teil unnatürlichen Körperhaltungen über- und nebeneinander (Jacobi u. a. 2oo7).
Anhand einiger weniger mit einem der Skelette assoziierter Artefakte konnte der Befund in die frühe vorrömische Eisenzeit datiert werden
Spuren und Ursachen physischer Gewalt im Neolithikum - eine Bilanz
No full textDie Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Aggression und Gewalt wird - auch prähistorisch - sehr kontrovers geführt. Dieser Beitrag stützt sich primär auf bioarchäologische Quellen zur Gewalt im Neolithikum. Zum einen ist die Quellenlage hier besser als für andere Zeitperioden, zum anderen findet um die Wende zum Holozän eine der radikalsten Veränderungen in der Lebensweise während der Menschheitsgeschichte statt. Wir fragen zunächst, ob der Mensch von Natur aus gewalttätig ist und problematisieren anschließend Nachweise physischer Gewalt in prähistorischen und modernen Gesellschaften. Durch die Beschäftigung mit der Evidenz prähistorischer Gewalt nähern wir uns ihren möglichen Beweggründen. Aggression ist der Motor für zwischenmenschliche und kollektive Gewalt, wird durch neurobiologische und sozialpsychologische Mechanismen gesteuert und durch Kultur und Sozialisation überprägt. Formen und Ursachen zwischenmenschlicher und kollektiver Gewalt werden eingehend erörtert. Wichtige Erkenntnisse betreffen die Feststellung, dass Gewalt ein evolutionäres Erbe ist, das tief in der menschlichen Natur wurzelt aber Töten kein Naturgesetz darstellt. Zum Schluss kommen wir thematisch zum Neolithikum zurück, um eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme der prähistorischen Forschung zu Gewalt vorzunehmen. Datenlage und Datenqualität zu Gewalt im prähistorischen Kontext sind derzeit noch als problematisch anzusehen
ALT-C 2011 Abstracts
No full textThis is a PDF of the abstracts for all the sessions at the 2011 ALT conference. It is designed to be used alongside the online version of the conference programme. It was made public on 1 September, with a "topped and tailed" made live on 2 September
Enamel mineralization and compositional time-resolution in human teeth evaluated via histologically-controlled LA-ICPMS profiles
No full textMammalian dental enamel is a key archive for the reconstruction of past environments. Sequentially mineralizing enamel
provides continuous, several year-long records, which spatially-resolved sampling can ‘read’ at seasonal or higher time resolution.
Yet it remains underexplored how much an initially incorporated compositional signal is overprinted by the two-stage
enamel mineralization process, which affects the finally achievable time-resolution. We report results of a systematic investigation
into histologically-defined compositional profiles from human enamel obtained by laser-ablation inductively-coupledplasma
mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Sr/Ca, Zn/Ca, Ba/Ca and Pb/Ca are investigated as commonly-utilized proxies of
(palaeo)diet, mineralization and/or pollution in modern and archaeological samples. Our modern human teeth are from
unequivocally breast-fed and formula-fed individuals, respectively. By focusing on two profiles that are time-equivalent yet
topographically different, namely the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) vs. enamel prisms (P), we evaluate the compositional
effect of enamel secretion vs. maturation on elemental proxies throughout enamel thickness. These two broadly orthogonal
orientations are compared with the connecting Neonatal/Retzius (NNL/R) profiles that represent nominal isogrowth events
during enamel secretion, which – if later maturation had no effect – should show invariant compositional signals across enamel.
However, we find that all NNL/R profiles record systematically varying compositions across enamel, with Sr/Ca always
decreasing by 30–80% and Zn/Ca increasing near-exponentially 20–35 times towards outer enamel. As such they can be used
to benchmark the extent of enamel maturation. Since all prism profiles reveal signals similar to NNL/R for Sr, Zn and in part
Ba, this unequivocally demonstrates that P-orientations are equally overprinted by maturation, in all cases with increasing
intensity towards outer enamel. EDJ and P profiles do not match one-another despite representing coeval secretion time,
and we infer that the highest degree of initial signal variability can be retrieved along the EDJ (approx. 100 lm) where maturation
had the least effect. Using a simple two-component mixing model we show that during maturation only a moderate
increase (1.3–1.9) in discrimination against Sr is required to explain the Sr/Ca patterns. The Zn/Ca increase on the other
hand is interpreted to reflect the Zn-binding motifs of the enzymes MMP-20 (matrix metalloproteinase-20) and KLK-4 (kallikrein-4) active during enamel secretion and maturation, which may preferentially imprint a Zn compositional signal in
maturing enamel. In the case of Ba/Ca we find no systematic patterns analogous to that of Sr and Zn in modern samples.
Moreover, cryptic diagenesis affecting Ba in otherwise well-preserved fossil teeth argues for caution when using Ba/Ca to infer
nutritional signals without additional elemental/isotopic corroboration. Unlike all other investigated elements, Pb/Ca shows
broadly similar EDJ-P profiles, and nearly invariant R-signals across enamel, which may reflect the affinity of Pb to both
organic molecules and inorganic apatite during enamel mineralization. Overall our results reveal the element-specific behaviour
of Sr, Zn, Ba and Pb during enamel mineralization
Enamel mineralization and compositional time-resolution in human teeth evaluated via histologically-defined LA-ICPMS profiles
No full textMammalian dental enamel is a key archive for the reconstruction of past environments. Sequentially mineralizing enamel provides continuous, several year-long records, which spatially-resolved sampling can ‘read’ at seasonal or higher time resolution. Yet it remains underexplored how much an initially incorporated compositional signal is overprinted by the two-stage enamel mineralization process, which affects the finally achievable time-resolution. We report results of a systematic investigation into histologically-defined compositional profiles from human enamel obtained by laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Sr/Ca, Zn/Ca, Ba/Ca and Pb/Ca are investigated as commonly-utilized proxies of (palaeo)diet, mineralization and/or pollution in modern and archaeological samples. Our modern human teeth are from unequivocally breast-fed and formula-fed individuals, respectively. By focusing on two profiles that are time-equivalent yet topographically different, namely the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) vs. enamel prisms (P), we evaluate the compositional effect of enamel secretion vs. maturation on elemental proxies throughout enamel thickness. These two broadly orthogonal orientations are compared with the connecting Neonatal/Retzius (NNL/R) profiles that represent nominal isogrowth events during enamel secretion, which – if later maturation had no effect – should show invariant compositional signals across enamel. However, we find that all NNL/R profiles record systematically varying compositions across enamel, with Sr/Ca always decreasing by 30–80% and Zn/Ca increasing near-exponentially 20–35 times towards outer enamel. As such they can be used to benchmark the extent of enamel maturation. Since all prism profiles reveal signals similar to NNL/R for Sr, Zn and in part Ba, this unequivocally demonstrates that P-orientations are equally overprinted by maturation, in all cases with increasing intensity towards outer enamel. EDJ and P profiles do not match one-another despite representing coeval secretion time, and we infer that the highest degree of initial signal variability can be retrieved along the EDJ (approx. ≤ 100 μm) where maturation had the least effect. Using a simple two-component mixing model we show that during maturation only a moderate increase (1.3–1.9×) in discrimination against Sr is required to explain the Sr/Ca patterns. The Zn/Ca increase on the other hand is interpreted to reflect the Zn-binding motifs of the enzymes MMP-20 (matrix metalloproteinase-20) and KLK-4 (kallikrein-4) active during enamel secretion and maturation, which may preferentially imprint a Zn compositional signal in maturing enamel. In the case of Ba/Ca we find no systematic patterns analogous to that of Sr and Zn in modern samples. Moreover, cryptic diagenesis affecting Ba in otherwise well-preserved fossil teeth argues for caution when using Ba/Ca to infer nutritional signals without additional elemental/isotopic corroboration. Unlike all other investigated elements, Pb/Ca shows broadly similar EDJ-P profiles, and nearly invariant R-signals across enamel, which may reflect the affinity of Pb to both organic molecules and inorganic apatite during enamel mineralization. Overall our results reveal the element-specific behaviour of Sr, Zn, Ba and Pb during enamel mineralization
Enamel mineralization and compositional time-resolution in human teeth evaluated via histologically-controlled LA-ICPMS profiles
No full textMammalian dental enamel is of key interest for the reconstruction of past environments. Sequentially mineralizing enamel (e.g. ~15 years in humans) provides a several year-long archive that spatiallyresolved sampling can ‘read’ at high-time resolution, yet how much enamel maturation overprints any primary signal remains underexplored. We report results of a systematic investigation of histologicallydefined compositional profiles from human enamel obtained by laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). By focusing on two time-equivalent, yet topographically contrasting orientations, along the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) and enamel prisms, we evaluate the compositional effect of enamel secretion vs. maturation throughout varying enamel thickness. These two time-equivalent profiles are compared with those along nominal isogrowth profiles (all relating to enamel secretion), namely neonatal/ Retzius lines (NNL / R) that connect the other two profiles. We focus on Sr/Ca, Pb/Ca, Zn/Ca and Ba/Ca as commonly-utilized proxies of (palaeo)diet, pollution and/or mineralization in both modern and archaeological individuals. Overall, we demonstrate that the elemental ratios investigated behave strongly differently with respect to maturation overprint and that the highest degree of initial signal variability can be retrieved along and closest to the EDJ. The corresponding data will be presented and discussed in the context of mineralization models and mechanisms
Front
No full textLeishman’s work “Front” is a pre-programmed Facebook parody that addresses the major issues of social media – privacy and voyeurism. Front’s interface whilst mimicking the immersive, interaction rich promise of social media, instead reminds us of where the power structures lie, and what is often freely given up by the user/viewer.
Originally launched as an installation as part of the New Media Scotland: Alt-W showcase exhibition in 2014 for the Edinburgh Art Festival. Venue: Evolution House, Aug 1st - Sat 30 Aug. The project has also been peer selected for 'Interventions: Engaging the Body Politic.' Venue: the cultural centre USF Verftet, Georgernes Verft 12, 5011 BERGEN, Norway. This exhibition was part of the Electronic Literature Organization 2015: The End(s) of Electronic Literature. Aug 4th - 7th 2015
Molar crown and root size relationship in anthropoid primates: 14th International Symposium on Dental Morphology, Greifswald
No full textAbstract not availableJ.A. Kieser, T. Tkatchenko, M.C. Dean, M.E.H. Jones, W. Duncan, N.J. Nelso
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