9,816 research outputs found
Gebiedsinvesteringszone als instrument om gebieden te versterken
No full textDe financiën van de Nederlandse verstedelijkingsopgave zijn in ons vakgebied een veelbesproken thema. Of het nu gaat om woningbouw, mobiliteit, energie of klimaat; iedere opgave vraagt om een enorme hoeveelheid geld en inspanning. De coronacrisis doet momenteel ook nog eens een ongekend beroep op de overheidsfinanciën, terwijl de ruimtelijke opgave onverminderd groot blijft. Een gebiedsinvesteringszone (GIZ) kan uitkomst bieden: lokale partijen krijgen meer invloed in ruil voor een financiële bijdrage.Urban Development ManagementPractice Chair Urban Area Developmen
De gezonde stad vraagt om genuanceerd debat
No full textGezonde, duurzame stedelijke ontwikkeling is een complex vraagstuk dat vraagt om een serieus debat. Reinout Kleinhans en Cees-Jan Pen betogen dat we het debat niet moeten verengen tot verdichten of binnen- versus buitenstedelijk bouwen, zoals Jos Feijtel dat recent deed in deze kolommen. Het gaat om hoe we de kwaliteit en integraliteit van gezonde stedelijke ontwikkeling verhogen en bewaken – binnen de context van de politieke druk op ‘bouwen, bouwen, bouwen’.Urban Studie
Tijd om werk te maken van uitvoeringskracht
No full textNu de grote opgaven waar Nederland voor staat bekend zijn, is het volgens hoogleraar gebiedsontwikkeling Co Verdaas en SKG-directeur Tom Daamen zaak om de benodigde uitvoeringskracht te organiseren. Maar wat is dat precies?Practice Chair Urban Area DevelopmentUrban Development Managemen
3 punten om in gedachten te houden bij internationale vergelijkingen
No full textHoewel het verleidelijk is om aansprekende voorbeelden uit het buitenland als inspiratiebron te gebruiken voor de Nederlandse praktijk van gebiedsontwikkeling, zijn er ook goede redenen om voorzichtig om te gaan met internationale vergelijkingen. Hoogleraar gebiedsontwikkeling Co Verdaas en SKG-directeur Tom Daamen delen drie inzichten over de zin en onzin hiervan.Urban Development ManagementPractice Chair Urban Area Developmen
Vijf redenen voor ontwikkelaars om zelf participatie te organiseren
No full textTU Delft-onderzoekers Wouter Jan Verheul en Erwin Heurkens deden onderzoek naar privaat georganiseerde participatie. Zij onderscheiden vijf beweegredenen voor marktpartijen om hier werk van te maken, variërend van draagvlak creëren tot dure rechtszaken voorkomen.Urban Development Managemen
Household air pollution, Passive smoking, and Lung cancer: Do we know enough about this conundrum?
Get PDFTHE EFFECTS OF HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTION ON CHILDHOOD ASTHMA, ACUTE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION AND LUNG FUNCTION
Get PDFIntroduction and Rationale: Household Air Pollution (HAP) refers to the pollution of air in the indoor environment, from the combustion of solid fuels such as biomass and coal. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.6 billion people today are exposed to HAP daily. Women and children tend to be at a higher risk of exposure due to their increased time spent indoors. This can result in a range of adverse cardio-respiratory outcomes such as asthma, Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This thesis document investigates the association between HAP and the adverse respiratory outcomes, namely lung function, ALRI and asthma in children.
Methodology: Systematic Reviews were conducted to synthesize the effect of HAP on lung function, ALRI, and asthma. The lung function outcome was synthesized in a narrative manner, while the pooled estimates for the ALRI and asthma outcomes were synthesized by meta-analysis.
Results: Exposure to HAP is associated with decreased lung function growth, and an increased risk of the incidence of ALRI in children. No association was noted between HAP exposure and the incidence of asthma in children.
Conclusion: The effect of HAP on childhood growth of lung function and the incidence of ALRI provides evidence justifying the universal transition to cleaner fuels and technologies, such as electricity and natural gas.ThesisMaster of Science (MSc)Household Air Pollution (HAP) refers to the pollution of indoor air caused by the combustion of solid fuels, such as biomass, for the purposes of heating and cooking. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2.6 billion people are exposed to HAP daily. Women and children are especially at high risk of exposure, due to the time spent indoors. This places them at a higher risk of adverse respiratory outcomes, such as Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRI), asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and reduced lung function. This thesis document investigates the association between HAP and the adverse respiratory outcomes, namely lung function, ALRI and asthma in children. It was found that HAP is associated with a decrease in childhood lung function growth, and an increased risk of the incidence of ALRI. However, there was no clear association between the incidence of asthma and HAP. The results of the systematic reviews justify a transition from the use of solid fuels to clean fuels and technologies
Identifying the Sociodemographic and Environmental Risk Factors of Childhood Pneumonia in South Asia
No full textBackground: Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality in children under five years old. Despite global progress in reducing pneumonia cases, South Asia continues to experience disproportionately high incidence and mortality rates.
Purpose: This study aims to identify the sociodemographic and environmental risk factors contributing to childhood pneumonia morbidity and mortality across eight South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
Methods: Six databases were searched for relevant studies: MEDLINE (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, Emcare, and the Cochrane Library. Primary research studies focusing on sociodemographic and environmental risk factors for childhood pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children under five from eight South Asian countries were included. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, and data were extracted and analyzed using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analysis model. Studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and pooled effect estimates were calculated to quantify the strength of associations between risk factors and pneumonia outcomes.
Results: Higher age was associated with a lower risk of pneumonia morbidity (OR: 0.89). Male sex (OR: 1.15), preterm birth (OR: 2.53), and rural residence (OR: 2.03) significantly increased pneumonia risk. For mortality due to pneumonia, children under six months (OR: 3.78), children under one year (OR: 2.34), and low-weight-for-age children (OR: 6.07) had significantly higher risks, while females had a lower risk compared to males (OR: 0.58).
Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions, particularly in rural areas and for vulnerable groups like preterm infants. Addressing these risk factors is essential for making progress toward reducing the childhood pneumonia burden in South Asia and achieving global health goals aimed at lowering under-five mortality.ThesisMaster of Science (MSc)Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children under five, particularly in South Asia, where the rates of infection and death due to pneumonia are disproportionately high. This study examined the sociodemographic and environmental factors that increase the risk of pneumonia incidence and death in children across eight South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. By reviewing multiple research studies, the findings showed that younger children, males, preterm infants, and children living in rural areas are at a higher risk of developing pneumonia. Additionally, children under six months, low-weight-for-age children, and males had higher chances of dying from pneumonia. These results highlight the importance of focusing public health efforts on vulnerable groups, especially in rural areas, to reduce pneumonia deaths and improve child health in South Asia
Klimaatimpact op de binnenvaart vraagt om samenwerking en een systemische aanpak
No full textVeel mensen herinneren zich de droge periode uit 2018 en het hoge water op de Maas. Deze events hadden een grote impact op de scheepvaart en uiteindelijk op de levering van goederen in verschillende Europese landen. Dit soort events zullen in de toekomst vaker optreden en grote gevolgen hebben voor de totale samenleving en de economie. Het hebben van goede strategieën en maatregelen om de impact van dit soort events te beperken, vraagt om een gedegen aanpak en onderzoek. Frederik Vinke, promovendus binnen de vakgroep Ports and Waterways (TU Delft), ondersteund door SmartPort, past een nieuwe methodiek toe waarbij de interactie tussen de rivier en de scheepvaart op een systemisch niveau wordt gemodelleerd. Tegelijkertijd worden op micro niveau de schepen met eigen vervoersopdrachten gemodelleerd.Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineerin
The Impact of Fuel Type and Household Air Pollution on Respiratory Function and Symptom Prevalence in Children
No full textIntroduction and Rationale: Household Air Pollution (HAP) results from using biomass fuels, such as wood and animal dung, for cooking and heating. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that at least one third of the global population cook using stoves that generate high HAP, with women and children at heightened risk due to prolonged indoor exposure. This study investigates the impact of HAP on respiratory health outcomes, specifically lung function (FEV1 and FVC), wheezing, and coughing in Nepali children aged 5-14.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study analyzed questionnaire data and lung function tests from a sample of Nepali children. The effects of different fuel types on lung function and respiratory symptoms were assessed, with particular attention to variations based on gender.
Results: While the study did not find overall differences in lung function metrics (FEV1 and FVC), it did find some significant gender-based differences in FEV1 and FVC between children of families using biomass fuels and those using cleaner fuels. Alternatively, biomass fuel exposure was significantly associated with an increased incidence of coughing with the overall study population showing a higher odds of this symptom. Gender-specific analyses revealed that boys might experience some respiratory benefits from reduced exposure to biomass smoke, whereas girls showed a non-significant trend towards lower lung function values with biomass exposure.
Conclusion: While biomass fuel use is significantly linked to increased coughing in children, its impact on lung function metrics like FEV1 and FVC is less clear. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce HAP exposure and encourage the adoption of cleaner cooking technologies to protect children's respiratory health in low-income settings.ThesisMaster of Science (MSc)According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), Household Air Pollution (HAP) stems from the use of biomass fuels like wood and animal dung for cooking and heating, affecting over a third of the global population. Women and children spend significant time indoors therefore they are particularly at risk. This M.Sc. thesis study examines the respiratory health impacts of biomass fuel exposure on Nepali children aged 5-14, focusing on lung function (FEV1 and FVC) and respiratory symptoms such as coughing and wheezing.
The study found that while biomass fuel exposure significantly increases the consistent incidence of coughing, it was not completely associated with lung function metrics like FEV1 and FVC. Additionally, the study uncovers gender-specific variations in respiratory responses, indicating differing susceptibilities to biomass smoke between boys and girls. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted interventions to mitigate HAP exposure and encourage the transition to cleaner cooking technologies, essential for protecting children's respiratory health in resource-limited environments
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