825 research outputs found
Hypoxic-State Estimation of Brain Cells by Using Wireless Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
No full textNear-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a modern measuring technology in neuroscience. It can be used to noninvasively measure the relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (DeoHb), which can reflect information related to cerebral blood volume and cerebral oxygen saturation. Therefore, it has the potential for noninvasive monitoring of cerebral ischemia. However, there is still a lack of reliable physiological information on the relationship between the concentrations of OxyHb and DeoHb in cerebral blood and the exact hypoxic state of brain cells under cerebral ischemia. In this study, we describe a wireless multichannel NIRS system, which we designed to noninvasively monitor the relative concentrations of OxyHb and DeoHb in bilateral cerebral blood before, during, and after middle cerebral artery occlusion. By comparing the results with the lactate/pyruvate ratio measured by microdialysis, we investigated the correlation between the relative concentrations of OxyHb and DeoHb in cerebral blood and the hypoxic state of brain cells. The results showed that the relationship between the concentration changes of DeoHb in cerebral blood and the hypoxic state of brain cells was significant. Therefore, by monitoring the changes in concentrations of DeoHb, the wireless NIRS can be used to estimate the hypoxic state of brain cells indirectly
Models for the mechanism for activating copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in the absence of the CCS Cu chaperone in Arabidopsis
No full textThe determinants of professional incompetence: an analysis of medical errors from the intellectual capital perspective
No full textDeterminants of Professional Incompetence：An Analysis of Medical Errors from Intellectual Capital Perspective
No full textCopper Chaperone-Dependent and -Independent Activation of Three Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Homologs Localized in Different Cellular Compartments in Arabidopsis
No full textCareer stress and female managers' health in Taiwan's hospitals: A multilevel model approach
No full text
Yun-Chang Rise Surface Sediments and Seismic Stratum Preliminary Study
No full text本文使用海研一號685航次及海研二號1048航次在雲彰隆起所採集的沉積物標本進行粒徑分析，並結合前人資料，對雲彰隆起表層沉積物特徵做更深入的研究。
二十一個沉積物標本粒徑分析結果顯示，雲彰隆起東側區域沉積物粒徑以細砂為主，西側區域沉積物徑集中於中砂至細砂，並參雜少量粗砂，南側的沉積物
粒徑以礫石與中砂為主，北側沉積物粒徑集中於細砂至粉砂，沉積物粒徑沿雲彰隆起中央相對低區由南到北逐漸變細。整體而言，雲彰隆起以砂質沉積物為主，其表層沉積物分佈主要受海底地形與水文流場影響，全新世海水面上升以來，潮流成為影響雲彰隆起主要的營力。澎湖水道為一長年受潮流侵蝕之沖刷槽，雲彰隆起則是位其北方的相對高區，由南往北的海流在此受阻擋而減速，所以潮流作用將澎湖水道的沉積物帶至雲彰隆起上形成一潮流砂席(Tidal Sand Sheet)。雲彰隆起的沉積物，除了是由潮流沉積系統所產生的砂質沉積物；濁水溪的沉積物出海後則也可能被帶到雲彰隆起上東側堆積。
多頻道震測剖面顯示，堆積在澎湖水道和雲彰隆起上表層沉積物不受構造變形的影響，由地層年代對比的結果推論雲彰隆起是由全新世海水面上升以來的現代沉積物堆積所形成的台灣海峽相對地形高區。由於雲彰隆起的表層沉積物的沉積作用不受早期基盤高區構造的影響，且雲彰隆起並不是一個由隆起構造所形成的高區地形，而是全新世海水面上升以來的水力作用所帶來的砂質沉積物堆積而形成的砂席(sand sheet)或砂脊(sand ridge)，本文認為應將此高區地形稱為雲彰砂席或雲彰砂脊較為正確。第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------------------1
1-1 前言----------------------------------------------------------1
1-2 地質概況------------------------------------------------------1
1-3 台灣周圍海域之海底地形與表層沉積物特徵------------------------5
1-3-1 台灣海峽地形分區----------------------------------------5
1-3-2 表層沉積物特徵------------------------------------------9
1-4 前人研究-------------------------------------------------------14
1-5 研究動機-------------------------------------------------------20
1-6 研究區域及與目的-----------------------------------------------20
1-6-1水文流場-----------------------------------------------25
第二章 研究資料與方法------------------------------------------28
2-1 研究流程-------------------------------------------------------28
2-2 研究資料及方法-------------------------------------------------28
2-3 表層沉積物粒徑分析---------------------------------------------30
2-3-1粒徑分佈圖---------------------------------------------36
2-3-2 統計參數-----------------------------------------------38
2-4 震測資料處理---------------------------------------------------43
第三章 結果與討論-----------------------------------------------46
3-1 沉積物粒徑分析結果與討論--------------------------------------46
3-1-1 粒徑分析結果-------------------------------------------46
3-1-2 沉積物分析結果討論-------------------------------------58
3-2 震測地層-------------------------------------------------------69
第四章 結論------------------------------------------------------83
參考文獻---------------------------------------------------------86
圖目錄
圖1-1 歐亞大陸板塊及菲律賓海板塊在台灣區域碰撞示意圖---------------2
圖1-2 台灣周圍海域之地質分區---------------------------------------4
圖1-3 中國陸架六大潮流沉積體系分佈圖-------------------------------6
圖1-4 台灣濱外潮流沉積體系-----------------------------------------7
圖1-5 台灣周圍海底地形圖-------------------------------------------8
圖1-6 雲彰隆起的位置及台灣海形分區--------------------------------10
圖1-7 台灣周圍海域表層沉積物中礫石、砂及泥含量的分佈情形----------11
圖1-8 台灣周圍海域殘留沉積物、變餘沉積物及現代沉積物分佈情形------13
圖1-9 台灣海峽沉積作用分帶----------------------------------------15
圖1-10台灣海峽沉積作用分帶----------------------------------------17
圖1-11 台灣海峽表層沉積物粒徑平均分佈圖---------------------------18
圖1-12 台灣海峽東側流場示意圖-------------------------------------21
圖1-13 本文研究區域-----------------------------------------------22
圖1-14 本文所採用的表層沉積物標本採樣位置圖-----------------------23
圖1-15 海研一號685、712航次多頻道震測測線位置圖------------------24
圖1-16 台灣海峽流場示意圖-----------------------------------------27
圖2-1 沉積物採樣位置圖--------------------------------------------29
圖2-2 震測測線(Line-Y)及探井位置圖--------------------------------31
圖2-3 震測剖面Y及其解釋結果--------------------------------------32
圖2-4 沉積物顆粒粒徑分析圖----------------------------------------33
圖2-5 不同類型之篩析儀--------------------------------------------34
圖2-6 不同篩析儀之沉積物粒徑分析結果比較--------------------------35
圖2-7 沉積物粒徑分佈圖的四種形式----------------------------------37
圖2-8 沉積物累積頻率或然率縱座標圖形------------------------------39
圖2-9 沉積物粒徑常態分佈頻率曲線圖形------------------------------42
圖2-10 沉積物粒徑正歪斜與負歪斜圖形-------------------------------44
圖2-11 沉積物粒徑峰度圖形-----------------------------------------45
圖2-12 震測資料處理流程圖-----------------------------------------47
圖3-1 觀音凹陷沉積物直方圖與累積曲線------------------------------49
圖3-2 觀音凹陷至雲彰隆起之間沉積物直方圖與累積曲線----------------51
圖3-3 海研一號593航次採集之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線----------------50
圖3-4 雲彰隆起之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線----------------------------54
圖3-5 海研一號685航次採集之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線----------------56
圖3-6 海研二號1048航次採集之沉積物(ST7-ST9)直方圖與累積曲線------57
圖3-7 海研二號1048航次採集之沉積物(ST10-ST12)直方圖與累積曲線----59
圖3-8 雲彰隆起中央相對低區之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線----------------60
圖3-9 雲彰隆起東側與台灣西海岸間之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線----------62
圖3-10 雲彰隆起東側之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線-----------------------63
圖3-11 雲彰隆起西側之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線-----------------------64
圖3-12 雲彰隆起西側之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線-----------------------65
圖3-13 雲彰隆起西側之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線-----------------------66
圖3-14 雲彰隆起西側之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線-----------------------67
圖3-15 澎湖水道北側(593-5)之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線----------------68
圖3-16 雲彰隆起北側(685-1、593-8)之沉積物直方圖與累積曲線---------70
圖3-17 雲彰隆起東西兩側沉積物特徵之比較---------------------------71
圖3-18 沉積物沿雲彰隆起中央低區南北向之沉積物粒徑變化圖-----------72
圖3-19 海研一號685航次與測線Y之位置圖---------------------------74
圖3-20 海研一號685航次685-a震測剖面-----------------------------75
圖3-21 海研一號685航次685-b震測剖面-----------------------------76
圖3-22 海研一號685航次685-c震測剖面-----------------------------77
圖3-23 海研一號685航次685-a震測剖面與解釋-----------------------78
圖3-24 海研一號685航次685-b震測剖面與解釋-----------------------79
圖3-25 海研一號685航次685-c震測剖面與解釋-----------------------80
圖3-26 海研一號712航次震測剖面與解釋-----------------------------82
表目錄
表一 沉積物淘選度之分類--------------------------------------------41
表二 沉積物歪斜度之分類--------------------------------------------41
表三 沉積物峰度之分類----------------------------------------------43
表四 觀音凹陷沉積物搬運方式百分比表--------------------------------48
表五 觀音凹陷至雲彰隆起間沉積物搬運方式百分比表--------------------50
表六 593航次所採集的沉積物搬運方式百分比表------------------------52
表七 雲彰隆起沉積物搬運方式百分比表--------------------------------53
表八 685航次採集的沉積物搬運方式百分比表--------------------------55
表九1048航次採集的沉積物搬運方式百分比表--------------------------5
The neuronal protective effects of local brain cooling at the craniectomy site after lateral fluid percussion injury in a rat model
No full textBackground: The aim of the present study is to investigate whether local brain cooling at the craniectomy site causes attenuation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by fluid percussion injury (FPI).
Methods: Anesthetized male SpragueeDawley rats were divided into two major treatment groups. Immediately after the onset of fluid percussion TBI, a craniectomy window of 6 x 8 mm was made at the right parietal, and a cold water bag (0 x C-1 x degrees C or 5 x C-6 degrees C) was applied locally for 30 min. Additional groups of rats were used as craniectomy and craniectomy FPI controls. Physiological parameters, such as brain and colonic temperature, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, were monitored during FPI. Functional motor outcomes were evaluated using the inclined plane test (maximal grasp angle). Cellular infarction volume was calculated using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Apoptosis and neuronal markerepositive cells in the cortex were measured by immunofluorescence staining. All functional and morphologic parameters were assessed 72 h after injury.
Results: Compared with the craniectomy + FPI control groups, the groups treated with 5 degrees C-6 degrees C local cold water therapy showed significant attenuation of the FPI-induced motor deficits, weight loss, and cerebral infarction but no effect on colonic temperature. The FPI-induced apoptosis and neuronal loss were also significantly reduced by local cooling.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that local cooling with 5 degrees C-6 degrees C cold water therapy may ameliorate TBI in rats by reducing infarction volume, neuronal cell loss, and apoptosis, resulting in improved functional outcome. We propose that the use of local cooling at the craniectomy site after FPI might have clinical benefits in the future. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
[[alternative]]The Land Cultivation and Formation of the Regional Characteristics in Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region During the Japanese-Ruled Period
No full text[[abstract]]This thesis study land cultivation process from Ch’ing dynasty to Japanese-Ruled Period in Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region, on the frontier of Kaoshiuang .In order to restructure the regional characteristics, we selected the power of Japanese-Ruled government in Taiwan and private Japanese corporations project to Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region as the research objects.
The land cultivation before Japanese-Ruled in Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region, was a process of long-term interaction between Contonese(客家人) and plain aborigines, and that of construction of different life-style in both shores of Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream. Despite the fact that Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region had been developed for a long time , the high limitation of unstable natural environment and the characteristic of traditional self-subsistent economy, which compelled the phenomena as individual isolated settlement and scattered space.
After 1895, the colonialists accelerated a new growth of development of land cultivation in the mid-stream region. Modern cane-sugar refinery , camphor and afforestation enterprises established in this area. Moreover, after private Japanese corporations invested in mid-stream region, they not only had changed the land-use of the hillside around this area , but had controlled the land operation and agricultural activities. A crowd relationship also change.
Under the powerful control of new style land cultivation and enterprise , many landowners and gentry appeared. They became local leaders. Local leaders almost took charge of leaders of important social and economic organizations. The important social and economic organizations became the formation of space of jiezhuangmin, the space of jingchaguan , and the space of buluomin.With agriculture , market ,school ,traffic and police system developed, Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region greatly was structured. Finally, this area had changed the frontier and established tightly contact to other regions.
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