83 research outputs found
Spontaneous Lateral Pontine Hemorrhage with Associated Trigeminal Nerve Root Hematoma
No full textAbstract
Spontaneous hemorrhage into the lateral part of the pons with sequelae compatible with survival has been documented previously. The author describes an unusual case with spontaneous hemorrhage into the lateral pons, with intraneural extension into the right trigeminal nerve root. Radiological features were of an expanding mass of the cerebellopontine angle. The patient was treated surgically with success.</jats:p
General framework and optimization methods for stochastic replenishment planning in industrial contexts
No full textLa planification de stock est une activité majeure avec des coûts substantiels. Son objectif est d’assurer une disponibilité adéquate des produits aux points de demande (entrepôts ou points de vente) en minimisant le coût associé.En pratique, différents algorithmes d’optimisation sont utilisés en fonction du secteur d’activité. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un cadre pour la conception générique de solutions à de tels problèmes. Notre contribution s’articule en trois points. Nous proposons d’abord une classification des problèmes pour faciliter la conception de solutions communes. Cette s’inspire de la notation de Graham en ordonnancement. Ensuite, nous répertorions les indicateurs de performance clés pour les systèmes de gestion des stocks. Nous définissons dix indicateurs répartis en trois catégories : financière, opérationnelle et service, et nous en examinons l’utilité. Pour l’évaluation, nous examinons les difficultés à comparer deux systèmes de gestion des stocks et proposons une méthode de simulation afin d’en estimer leur performance relative.Enfin, nous proposons des méthodes d’optimisation pour différents problèmes de réapprovisionnement. Nous scindons ces problèmes en deux groupes : long terme et court terme. Le groupe à long terme recouvre la majorité des décisions stratégiques et quelques-unes des décisions tactiques. Le groupe à court terme recouvre la majorité des décisions opérationnelles. Nous nous concentrons principalement ce dernier et le découpons en deux parties : le réapprovisionnement d’un article et le réapprovisionnement multi-article (avec coûts conjoints). Pour la première classe de problèmes, nous proposons une méthode sample-based avec demande stationnaire et gestion de pénurie (backorder). La méthode est extensible à des paramètres supplémentaires du problème. Nous proposons aussi une méthode basée sur la programmation dynamique pour le problème général avec demande non-stationnaire et le problème avec sélection de fournisseurs. Pour la seconde classe multi-article, nous ciblons les problèmes de réapprovisionnement pendant les promotions avec colis standards multi-article (prepacks). Nous commençons par une approche multi-objectif résoluble avec CPLEX pour de petites et moyennes instances. Pour les grandes instances, nous reformulons le problème multi-objectif en mono-objectif. Nous proposons une métaheuristique afin d’obtenir des solutions proches de l’optimalité en temps réel.Un des fils conducteurs de cette thèse est de faciliter l’industrialisation des solutions proposées.En effet, notre étude de la littérature nous a montré que des décalages majeurs existent entre les considérations académiques des problèmes d’optimisation des stocks et leur utilisation ou leur niveau de maturité dans l’industrie. Nous avons observé que seuls 5% de la littérature sérieuse s’appuie sur la pratique. Ceci est principalement dû à la nature simpliste des problèmes considérés en recherche. Cela se justifie puisque tous les paramètres d’un problème ne peuvent être considérés dans un modèle mathématique si l’on souhaite qu’il soit résoluble. Néanmoins, un aspect souvent ignoré est la viabilité industrielle de la solution et sa validation. Toutefois, la majorité des systèmes sont dépourvus d’une explication raisonnable ou d’une évaluation des solutions alternatives. Une adoption accrue de la recherche académique par l’industrie découlera des avancées à ce niveau.Pour surmonter ces limitations, nous avons méticuleusement examiné les instances de problèmes réels et nous en avons identifié différents paramètres. Nous avons sélectionné le problème de réapprovisionnement stochastique mono-article pour une première mise en œuvre industrielle. La méthode de résolution a été étendue pour traiter les ventes perdues, des tailles multiples de lots et la contrainte de niveau de service. Une industrialisation plus poussée est en cours.Replenishment is one of the major activities which also incurs substantial costs. Its objective is to ensure adequate product availability at the demand points (either warehouses or point-of-sales) so that the associated cost is minimized. In practice, different optimization problems are encountered depending on the industry. In this dissertation, we propose a framework for generalized solution development for such diverse problems. Our contribution in this regard are in three areas. First, we propose a classification scheme for the optimization problems to facilitate common solution development. We take inspirations from Graham’s notations for scheduling problems.Secondly, we list key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess the performance of inventory management systems. We define a total of ten KPIs distributed under three categories: financial, operational and service and examine their usefulness. On the evaluation side, we examine the difficulties in comparing the performances of two inventory management systems and propose a simulation method to assess the relative performance.At last, we propose optimization methods for different replenishment problems. We first divide the optimization problems into two broad groups: long-term and short-term. The long-term group covers most strategic and some of the tactical decisions and the short-term group covers most operational decisions. We focus mainly on the short-term planning problems. These are again divided into two parts: single-item replenishment problems and multi-item (joint) replenishment problems. For the first class of problems, we propose a sample-based method for stationary demand and full backorder. The method is extendable to include additional problem parameters. We also propose a method based on dynamic programming for the general problem with non-stationary demand and the problem with supplier selection. For the second class of problems with multiple items, we focus on the replenishment planning problems during promotions in the presence of multi-item prepacks. We propose to address it in two phases. First, we propose a multi-objective approach that can be solved with CPLEX for small to medium size problem instances. For large problem instances, we reformulated the multi-objective problem into a single objective one. Then we propose a metaheuristic to obtain near optimal solutions in real time.One common thread of this dissertation has been to facilitate industrialization of the proposed solutions. Indeed, from the review of existing literature, we found that large gaps exist between academic consideration of inventory optimization problems and their use or maturity level in industries. We found that only 5% of the rigorous literature having some practical backing. This is primarily because of simplistic nature of the problem considered for research. This is justified since all the problem parameters cannot be considered in the mathematical model so that the model is solvable. On the contrary, one aspect that is ignored in practice is the practical viability of the solution and validation. Users increasingly want to scrutinize the results given by the machine. However, most systems lack a reasonable explanation or the evaluation of alternate solutions. Advancement in these areas will result in more adoption of academic research in the industries. To overcome these limitations , we meticulously examined the real-world problem instances and identified different problem parameters. We select the single-item stochastic replenishment problem for the first industrial implementation. The solution method was extended to include lost sales, multiple batch-sizes and service level constraint. Further industrialization is underway
COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative : soalan lazim (FAQ)
No full textJangkitan dengan SARS-CoV-2 pada manusia memberikan pelbagai kesan. Simptom bermula dari tiada sebarang gejala atau selesema ringan hingga symptom teruk yang boleh menyebabkan kematian. Orang tua atau mereka yang mempunyai masalah kesihatan yang lain berisiko paling besar berdepan kematian akibat jangkitan SARS-CoV2, tetapi dapatan kajian juga membuktikan bahawa orang yang lebih muda juga boleh terkena simptom yang teruk atau mungkin mati. HGI dibentuk untuk memahami bagaimana variasi genetik manusia mempengaruhi kesan dan keseriusan simptom di mana ada yang mendapat jangkitan ringan tetapi sesetengah yang lain terdedah kepada simptom teruk dari jangkitan SARS-CoV-2.
Kajian kami memberi tumpuan untuk memahami hubungan antara variasi genetik dan keparahan penyakit dan kerentanan pada manusia yang dijangkiti SARS-CoV-2 (genetik hos). Kajian kami tidak melihat kod genetik virus itu sendiri (genetik virus) yang sedang dikaji oleh kumpulan saintis hebat lain di seluruh dunia. Kedua-dua usaha itu penting untuk memberitahu perkembangan vaksin, rawatan, dan ujian untuk mengesan jangkitan SARS-CoV-2
Bridging the Gaps Between the Histopathological and Demographic Risk Factors of Preterm Birth in a Unique Miami Inner-City Population
No full textWe aim to identify the link between placental histological findings and obstetric reports to determine possible risk factors of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). We prospectively ascertained birth records and outcomes from all deliveries in our hospital in 1 year. Records were used to determine and stratify for either full-term or preterm [spontaneous or indicated (I)] deliveries. We analyzed for risk factor association using χ
2
tests and common odds ratio estimates (SPSS v21.0). Our cohort totaled 6088 deliveries: 236 IPTB, 43 SPTB, and 5809 term births. Largely Hispanic, we determined race, parity, prenatal care access, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and BMI to be highly associated with SPTB (p < 0.01). Histologically, placentas of women with SPTB were twice as likely to have chronic villitis. We found that chronic villitis is associated with SPTB. Results of this study can be used in increasing the understanding of SPTB
SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues
No full textVariability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types.</p
Coping and disability: Evidence from a developing country
No full textAim: In view of the increasing burden of musculoskeletal-related disability, the growing number of older persons and the scarcity of research on musculoskeletal conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean region, coping with musculoskeletal problems deserves special attention. This paper examines how good coping links to musculoskeletal-related disability among Lebanese citizens aged 15years and older. Methods: The sample included 200 people living in southern Lebanon and who participated in the Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) survey. Disability and coping were assessed using self-reported questions. Covariates included demographics, musculoskeletal pain variables, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Around one-third of the sample had lifetime functional disability due to musculoskeletal problems and 62percent were coping well with their problems. Adjusted data showed that the odds of musculoskeletal-related disability among individuals who were not coping well was 2.35 times the odds of disability among individuals who were coping well with 95percent CI=1.10-5.02. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the importance of complementing pharmacological treatment with a cognitive-behavioral approach for management of musculoskeletal problems. © 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases © 2011 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.Abu-Laban B., 1980, OLIVE BRANCH FAMILY; Al-Awadhi AM, 2004, CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL, V22, P177; Al-Awadhi AM, 2005, ANN SAUDI MED, V25, P459; Asenlof P, 2005, J PAIN, V6, P588, DOI 10.1016-j.jpain.2005.03.008; BADLEY EM, 1994, J RHEUMATOL, V21, P505; CHAAYA M, 2009, AGEING SOC IN PRESS, P1; Chang EC, 1996, J COUNS PSYCHOL, V43, P113, DOI 10.1037-0022-0167.43.1.113; Chopra A, 2001, J Assoc Physicians India, V49, P240; Chopra A, 2002, J RHEUMATOL, V29, P614; Cutolo M, 1999, CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL, V17, P515; DARMAWAN J, 1992, ANN RHEUM DIS, V51, P525, DOI 10.1136-ard.51.4.525; DiMatteo MR, 2000, ARCH INTERN MED, V160, P2101, DOI 10.1001-archinte.160.14.2101; Essau CA, 1996, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V27, P315, DOI 10.1177-0022022196273004; Farhood LF, 1999, ARCH PSYCHIAT NURS, V13, P192, DOI 10.1016-S0883-9417(99)80005-3; FLOR H, 1988, J BEHAV MED, V11, P251, DOI 10.1007-BF00844431; Geisser ME, 1998, J OCCUP REHABIL, V8, P73, DOI 10.1023-A:1023060616201; Haq SA, 2005, J RHEUMATOL, V32, P348; Karsdorp PA, 2009, EUR J PAIN, V13, P551, DOI 10.1016-j.ejpain.2009.02.001; KEEFE FJ, 1990, BEHAV THER, V21, P435, DOI 10.1016-S0005-7894(05)80357-0; Lam AG, 2004, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V35, P446, DOI 10.1177-0022022104266108; Lazarus R. S., 1984, STRESS APPRAISAL COP; Leibing E, 1999, CLIN J PAIN, V15, P58, DOI 10.1097-00002508-199903000-00009; Lillefjell M, 2007, BMC MUSCULOSKEL DIS, V8, DOI 10.1186-1471-2474-8-65; Main CJ, 2002, BRIT MED J, V325, P534, DOI 10.1136-bmj.325.7363.534; Rapp SR, 2000, ARTHRIT CARE RES, V13, P270, DOI 10.1002-1529-0131(200010)13:5270::AID-ANR53.0.CO;2-A; Reginster JY, 2002, RHEUMATOLOGY, V41, P3, DOI 10.1093-rheumatology-41.suppl_1.3; Sibai AM, 2004, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V82, P219; Sinha BK, 2000, CAN J BEHAV SCI, V32, P218, DOI 10.1037-h0087118; Smolen JS, 2004, ANN RHEUM DIS, V63, P329, DOI 10.1136-ard.2004.022137; Uthman I, 1997, BRIT J RHEUMATOL, V36, P806; Veerapen K, 2007, J RHEUMATOL, V34, P207; Vranceanu AM, 2009, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V91A, P2014, DOI 10.2106-JBJS.H.01512; Widner Sabina, 1993, Clinical Gerontologist, V13, P3, DOI 10.1300-J018v13n04_02; Woolf AD, 2001, BRIT MED J, V322, P1079, DOI 10.1136-bmj.322.7294.1079; World Health Organization, 2003, WHO TECH REP SER, V919, p[i, 1]; YELIN E, 1992, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V35, P48922
Acceptor substrate discrimination in phosphatidylmyo-inositol mannoside synthesis: structural and mutational analysis of mannosyltransferase Corynebacterium glutamicum PimB'
No full textLong term survival of the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans is linked to the immunomodulatory potential of its complex cell wall glycolipids, which include the phosphatidylinositol mannoside (PIM) series as well as the related lipomannan and lipoarabinomannan glycoconjugates. PIM biosynthesis is initiated by a set of cytosolic α-mannosyltransferases, catalyzing glycosyl transfer from the activated saccharide donor GDP-α-D-mannopyranose to the acceptor phosphatidyl-myo-inositol (PI) in an ordered and regio-specific fashion. Herein, we report the crystal structure of mannosyltransferase Corynebacterium glutamicum PimB' in complex with nucleotide to a resolution of 2.0 Å. PimB' attaches mannosyl selectively to the 6-OH of the inositol moiety of PI. Two crystal forms and GDP- versus GDP-α-d-mannopyranose-bound complexes reveal flexibility of the nucleotide conformation as well as of the structural framework of the active site. Structural comparison, docking of the saccharide acceptor, and site-directed mutagenesis pin regio-selectivity to a conserved Asp residue in the N-terminal domain that forces presentation of the correct inositol hydroxyl to the saccharide donor
High burden of rheumatic diseases in Lebanon: A COPCORD study
No full textAim: To estimate the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Lebanon and to explore their distribution by geographic location, age, and gender. Method: Using the Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) methodology, a random sample of 3530 individuals aged 15 and above was interviewed from the six Lebanese governorates. Positive respondents were evaluated by rheumatologists using the internationally accepted classification criterion of the American College of Rheumatology for the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases. Results: Prevalence rates of current and past musculoskeletal problems were 24.4percent and 8.4percent, respectively. Shoulder (14.3percent), knee (14.2percent) and back (13.6percent) were the most common pain sites. Point prevalence of rheumatic diseases was 15.0percent. The most frequent types of rheumatic diseases were of mechanical origin, namely soft tissue rheumatism (5.8percent) and osteoarthritis (4.0percent). Rheumatoid arthritis (1.0percent) and spondylathropathies (0.3percent) constituted the most common inflammatory diseases. Coastal areas had the lowest prevalence of all diseases except for fibromyalgia. All diseases showed an increasing prevalence pattern with age and a higher prevalence among women than men. Conclusion: This is the first study to give population-based estimates of rheumatic diseases in Lebanon. The high burden calls for public health attention for early detection, control and prevention of these conditions. Point prevalence of individual diseases was within the range of results from other COPCORD surveys with some variations that can be attributed to differences in methodology and geo-ethnic factors. © 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases © 2011 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.Al-Awadhi A, 2002, J RHEUMATOL, V29, P1754; Al-Awadhi AM, 2004, CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL, V22, P177; Al-Awadhi AM, 2005, ANN SAUDI MED, V25, P459; ALDALAAN A, 1997, BEHCETS DIS, P170; ALRAWI ZS, 1978, ANN RHEUM DIS, V37, P73, DOI 10.1136-ard.37.1.73; Alvarez-nemegyei J, 2010, J RHEUMATOL, V37, P21; ASSAAD-KHALIL S, 1997, BEHCETS DIS, P173; Atik OS, 2010, EKLEM HAST CERRAHISI, V21, P123; Awada Hassane, 1995, Arthritis and Rheumatism, V38, pS203; Azizlerli G, 2003, INT J DERMATOL, V42, P803, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-4362.2003.01893.x; Baddoura R, 2006, CLIN RHEUMATOL, V25, P700, DOI 10.1007-s10067-005-0136-7; Central Administration for statistics, 2006, LIV COND HOUS; Chopra A, 2008, BEST PRACT RES CL RH, V22, P583, DOI 10.1016-j.berh.2008.07.001; DARWISH MJ, 1987, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V16, P420, DOI 10.1093-ije-16.3.420; Davatchi F, 2008, J RHEUMATOL, V35, P7; Davatchi F, 2009, CLIN RHEUMATOL, V28, P1267, DOI 10.1007-s10067-009-1234-8; Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESC-WA), 2004, AG AR COUNTR REG VAR; Haq SA, 2005, J RHEUMATOL, V32, P348; Jaber L, 2002, ANN RHEUM DIS, V61, P365, DOI 10.1136-ard.61.4.365; Joshi VL, 2009, J RHEUMATOL, V36, P3; Klein P, 2010, CLIN RHEUMATOL, V29, P1163, DOI 10.1007-s10067-010-1472-9; Klippel JH, 2001, PRIMER RHEUMATIC DIS; Lau CS, 2007, NAT CLIN PRACT RHEUM, V3, P119, DOI 10.1038-ncprheum0433; Minaur N, 2004, J RHEUMATOL, V31, P965; Pelaez-Ballestas I, 2011, J RHEUMATOL, V38, P3, DOI 10.3899-jrheum.100951; Reijman M, 2007, ANN RHEUM DIS, V66, P158, DOI 10.1136-ard.2006.053538; Sibai AM, 2003, OBES RES, V11, P1353, DOI 10.1038-oby.2003.183; Sibai AM, 2004, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V82, P219; Uthman I, 1997, BRIT J RHEUMATOL, V36, P806; Veerapen K, 2007, J RHEUMATOL, V34, P207; Woolf AD, 2003, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V81, P64634
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