5 research outputs found
Species diversity and community structure of butterfly in urban forest fragments at Lucknow, India
No full textThe survey was carried out between September 2015-August 2016 in five different localities in Lucknow like Bijli Pasi Quila, Smriti Upvan, Vanasthali Park, Butchery Ground and BSNVPG College Campus, Lucknow, 26.84’N latitude and 80.92’E longitude, is located at an elevation of 126 meters above sea level and in the plain of northern India. Its location is responsible for the diverse weather patterns and climate change. The region has tropical dry equable climate having three main seasons; cold, hot and rainy season. Temperature of the city ranges from 23.8- 45.8°C in summer and 4.6-29.7°C in winter. During the study, butterflies were collected mainly with the help of circular aerial net, which were then placed in killing jar. Killed butterflies were stored in the insect box by proper pinning them for identification. During the course of study, 30 species of butterflies, belonging to 26 genera, representing 5 families, were recorded in Lucknow. 11 Species from nymphalidae, 7 sp. pieridae, 5 sp. from lycaenidae, 3 sp. From hesperidae and 3 sp. from papilionidae were recorded in all selective sites. The butterflies observed were categorized into groups based on their relative numbers; most common >9-10, common 6-8, rare 3-5, very rare 0-2. This study is used for academic as well as applied importance.  
Towards a circular economy in lithium ion battery recycling by integrating microbial processes with electrowinning and precipitation for sustainable metal recovery
No full textWith increased use of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) and the scarcity of some of their components, their recycling and the recovery of their metals have become essential. In this work, an indirect bioleaching process was designed to solubilise metals from LIB black mass using biogenic acid generated in a stirred tank bioreactor. The biogenic acid was used in addition to H2O2 as a reductant for improved solubilisation, and influential factors including pulp density, temperature, and concentration of H2O2 were optimised. The best results were achieved at 55 °C, with a pulp density of 7.5% (w/v) and 0.5% (v/v) H2O2, which resulted in 82% Li, 32% Ni, 24% Co and 21% Mn solubilisation in 5 min of the process. However, over time transition metals in the leachate did not remain in solution, due to their adsorption onto the carbon content of the black mass. To selectively recover solubilized Co, Ni, Mn, and Li from the leachate, a combined process of electrowinning and precipitation was applied to the leachate, leading to the successful electroplating of Co, Ni and Mn with 100%, 100% and 97.2% of solubilised metals respectively, while 40% of the Li was recovered by precipitation following the addition of sodium carbonate. These results constitute a promising step toward closing the loop for the sustainable selective recovery of critical metals used in LIB manufacturing and suggest the next targets to improved bioleaching efficiency.Journal of Environmental Managemen
